ah, around the world, more than 300000000 people are seeking refuge. yes. why? because no one should have to flee. make up your own mind. d. w. made for mines. ah! flying high on hydrogen will alternative feels replacing kerosene, make a growth better for the environment. could mas spitted with intelligent technology help, whereas to breathe more easily. just what's the best way to stay balanced? old as a mo, coming up on the dw science program. hello

and welcome to to morrow to day. finding your balance can be tricky even when you're not on a tightrope. more to the right or to the left, the invoice backwards. finding your way through the world and staying upright requires the interaction of different senses. our next record is all about how of a sense of balance works. that is, when it does work, our sense of balance is extremely complex. it's not limited to a single organ. our eyes are responsible for visually processing our environment. they perceive our spatial position optically down and angles even more essential is the vestibular system of the inner ear. 3 semicircular canal signal are spatial

orientation to the brain, as well as information about gravity. and the speed at which our head is moving. our vestibular system and our eyes constantly coordinate with each other. and the 3rd thing we need to keep our balance is information from our muscles, sensory organs in the local moderate apparatus, send messages to the brain about the position of our head and body. a stable sense of balance occurs when all of the sensors interact perfectly. pro prime exception ork anastasia constantly informs us about the location of our limbs in space. thanks to this perception, we're able to touch the tip of our nose while our eyes are closed. but a mobile, it enables us to walk and climb over obstacles without being aware of every single

step we take for this self perception, pro prior sectors in the body, constantly signal information to the brain about our current position and space. the receptor signals travel via the spinal cord to the cerebellum and the motor cortex. the brain then must constantly decide how the body should change its position and space in order to maintain equilibrium. during any given movement. it sends the relevant signals back to the limbs. mm. and if our body is caught off guard, such as when we stumble, these signals were mainly be answered in the spinal cord via reflexes. which are triggered without going by the brain. ah, the sense of balance can be improved. standing on one leg o,

practicing standing scales, exercises can train us to keep our balance more easily. we need our sense of balance will survival, for example, to react quickly and stressful situations. and training, the sense of balance is not only good for the body. it's also good for the mind. sebastian lou deka is interested in the complex relationship between our sense of balance and other aspects of the body. the focus of his research as hell balance can boost mental abilities when mind and body are trained at the same time. he's conducting a study and has chosen judo as the training method. say about new or isn't says or does a special thing about judo is that we have to control our own balance, or at the same time trying to throw the opponent off balance funds. and we're

trying to anticipate what the opponent will do is appearing with mocked are it's a purely cognitive component. when, when, when we quoted altogether, we have a very complex training exercise. so it's a synergy of balance in cognitive processes. also in form from cultural table, purple testing. the researcher split 44 children into 2 groups, one half dipped judo training for 2 hours a week for 3 months. the control group continued their normal sporting activities. then in the laboratory, sebastian modica studied the effects of the training on the subjects mental performance with as quickly as possible, the child had to touch the button that corresponded to the color surrounding the shape on the screen. press really fast. the researcher measured both the

error rate and brain activity and initial results are in the science results as i'm does, it really does seem that balance. can play a major role when it comes to cognition. it does when i and that is especially significant when these exercises are carried out with children. with deficiencies and motor skills, or cognition such as children with 80 h d, would all from the co counsel advisors wiser. they're the ones who make the most progress portrait and kind of how thought you could almost say that exercise can have a normalizing effect and then sought besides. so children with a lower cognitive starting point who go through balanced training can benefit more from it, and bring themselves in line with the average stack on the phone call for the young ones is an additional the english the study clearly showed the children who practiced balance and cognition training simultaneously as they do in judo make significantly faster progress. the combination intensifies the

effect her of, of elk, some kind of fun in any other particular effectiveness of the training comes from the overlap of the structures that are responsible for cognition. and for skills like balance in the slice clovis do they involve similar structures and are fully built in williamson. so when we practice complex training, like we create new connections and the brain that we wouldn't get from training both aspect separately, when is, but it's a complex training method that we can use in everyday life now. and we really can use it to improve cognitive functions or as a whole sprinkler. so what about all the children who prefer gaming to balanced training? sports like judo. for a startup has developed a special game for them. oh hello. he had flatow ye to some i've got your tracking devices here. how the children can control the interact of games using sensor is on

their wrists. it's time to head into the cube. initiator on a marty needecken wants to engage the kids by appealing to one of their strongest urges. i additional and i use ashby italy. instinct to play is lacking inside all of us. you put inside and there's so much potential there in terms of giving people access to physical activity. that simple, playful, an unfunded. good it, right? you too. now for the 10 minute workouts, walk out in this game, the children have to touch colored dance and avoid obstacles. at the same time it requires perception, movement, and balance simultaneously. lucy, it's exhausting, but i thought it was very cool and exciting. others the shelter of blankets, so distracting all this stuff around. you know, you really have to focus on the exercises and the movements you have to do to give

them a homeless. it's that combination of balance and cognition that the designers wanted to achieve. says hey, audi is elisha morley able to the they have to precisely identify audio visual stimuli and react to them though on balance plays a huge and important role in reacting to the right point at the right time in the game is almost florida and it's only when the body and mind are in harmony balanced, that you're really capable of performing these dual tasking exercises lice all our standards. so what influence does this specially designed fitness game have on cognition? after the game psychologist, sophia anson ada runs a test on the children to find out emma and thought and off medic, some kids we do a talented to measure selective attention. that's the extent to which the child can focus on one signal and june out the other surrounding distracting signal. little

mouse blended. come and what did the data show? she bonded their attention was better off the games with their responses were faster and more accurate. doctor, whether its judo or gaining training body and mind at the same time, has big potential body left. all right. a very small minority of people can use both hands equally, but usually one is stronger. yesenia cannon is from puerto rico, had a question about that. why is being left handed so rare from your feet to your ears? your body is a study in any symmetries. for instance, 40 percent of us are left ear it here better with their left ear. as the one those

people usually use in phone calls suggesting its dominance. 30 percent of us are left died. well, 20 percent of us are left for sale. but just one in 10 people a left handed. so for most of us, the fall m on the right hand side is the dominant one that's more than in any other animal. from an evolutionary perspective, specializing with one hand appears to be beneficial. chimpanzees, for example, also tend to choose a favorite hand for different tasks. so when in humanity's evolutionary history did this, one in 10 ratio emerge. ancient neanderthal teeth provide a clue. they reveal that our close evolutionary relatives were also largely right hands it. we believe that when eating meat, neanderthals would hold it taught with their teeth while using their dominant hands

to slice it with a knife. but sometimes they would accidentally scratch the teeth, and those scratches show which and was holding the knife. over the years, researches have come up with lots of theories for why there are so few left handers . but there's still no clear scientific explanation. evidence indicates that genes play a role, even in the womb, a fetus shows a preference for either the left hand or the right. one. study show that before bus around one in 10 prefer sucking their left thumb. and most of that group goes on to become left handed children. research has pinpointed around 40 spokes in the dna that are associated with being a left hander. but scientists have still only begun to understand the complex biology behind this basic traits. ah, if i was what is read, why i gave you? do you have a science question?

send it to us by video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll give you a little surprise as the thank you. come on. just ask, ah, and for more from the world of science visit our website or join us on twitter. we from scary to city during the mosque mandate of the pandemic. lots of people found humorous ways to protect themselves and others from the virus. ah, the most effective varieties are, of course, the medical mosques, but wearing them for, oh, is, can be stifling. now, since the pandemic outbreak and early 2020 masks have become an indispensable ally

and preventing the spread of coven 19. but in spite of the evidence in favor of them in reducing community transmission, people have to wear a mask for hours on end. agree that it's not always easy. i one are better sundays, especially at the, started the pandemic love. if i had a headache, it felt drowsy. my thank lord, i mean concealed, since you can't breathe as well. if you're working all day, you may get more tired than usual. i will die on wednesday. the c o 2 concentration between a person's face and an f. f p to mask is higher than usual because the air that's exhaled gets trapped. inhaling this carbon dioxide chemley to health effects such as headache or fatigue. whether you will am i cutty, dab with i, which would be important? i read the mosque for a long time in its busy i got tired and my nose and throat get dry and bite thing

and then i go fina gordon. i need to run to the kitchen, drink water, breathe a bit and get back to work a lot by there. to help mask wearers avoid these issues. a multi disciplinary research team made up of engineers and chemical scientists from the university of granada has developed an intelligent mask that alerts wearers on their smartphones . when recommended c o 2 limits are exceeded monopoly until even think when she intelligent mask has a sensor, meaning a way to measure something in the air between your face and the mask. britta introduced gotta la guardia. and so the c o 2 sensor is equipped with the electronics that will measure the color change in the sensor, but, and transmit that information to a smartphone. and the sin shall able to put on me the link for them. um, you know, telephone all mo, so a standard f, f, p to mask can be turned into an intelligent mask that monitors gas concentration by placing a special electronic sticker inside the mask. let me get that getting blue is the

car inserted inside the mask is a system that consists of 2 parts. on one side there's what's called readout electronics, which is printed with conductive ink on a flexible, plastic, and transparent substrate to receive. as you can see, the quicker part into almost whatever he put up on the other side is the chemical part of the sensor that changes its color. depending on the c o 2 concentration cornel icon, thin doth young videos. you know, they got to want to notify users if they've reached the recommended c o 2 limits inside the mask. the research team has designed a special mobile app a new shoe audio cuppa. the user has a mobile app to read the carbon dioxide concentration is one of moby continental. okay. within s c, technology is the same technology used for wireless, claimant's implement users would simply have to hold their smartphone close to the mask. jagow, matthew, i mean think it automatically detects the sticker is hefland, reads the seal to concentration inside the mask. and any video the software alerts

users do or traffic light display red or green. if they need to ventilate and the on, on the saudi rented out of her. although mask mandates have been lifted in many countries, many workers are still required to wear them so that researchers believe there is a demand. the team is willing to transfer the technology to any industry that may be interested in it. ah, masks have been part of everyday life. since the pandemic began, we wanted to know what it's like for you. have you got used to it? and in places we mazda no longer mandatory, do you ever still where one mac techniques and writes? i live in costa rica and always where mos, even if you don't have to anymore, i will continue to wear one because it makes me feel safe. oh garcia hernandez feel similarly. she's got so used to it that she'd feel uncomfortable not wearing one doll garrity is not so keen on masks, likening them to

a muzzle. tatty from indonesia writes, i wear a mask when i leave the house. i also will remark when i was out before the pandemic, especially in public, where there are lots of people jesus bore guards, on the other hand, has never used a mosque. she lives in sweden where it was never mandatory. dap, thanks for your comments. annex report is about flying level air traffic has been on the rise for years in 2019, they were more than 45000000 flights worldwide. even during the pandemic, they were more than $20000000.00 and the more flights the more carbon dioxide emission is fueled on

kerosene. the airplane is a climate killer. quit desperately need to find out her native this is the future of air travel as envisaged by aircraft manufacturer, air bus. from turbo props to jets. the aircraft of the future will be powered by synthetic fuel. that's more or less climate new. oh, oh, by hydrogen stored in tanks next to the passengers. scientists from the german aerospace center have partnered with rolls royce as well to research sustainable aviation fuels. and such fuels are produced incessantly making them more environmentally friendly than kerosene, which is derived from the fossil fuel crude oil reform is arnoldo. ah, the scientists use a gas chromatograph to establish the precise chemical composition of the synthetic

fuels. they're finding show that they're chemically similar to kerosene, but they're produced differently using a range of sustainable feedstock, slight via mass or green hydrogen. that makes them almost climate neutral. and in general, more environmentally friendly with less nitrogen oxides and no sit on the left is kerosene on the right? the synthetic fuel? uhm, the kerosene gives off city smoke. the synthetic fuel doesn't synthetic fuels, could make air travel,

almost carbon free by 2050 and ambitious targets, but not unrealistic in the next insane dog. in the next 10 years, what we could replace about 20 percent of the few was used in germany for aviation fuel and also vehicle fuel cell guts. it's an ambitious target, but it's viable by the short, by 2040. we could manage to replace twice. maybe even 3 times that amount, if it's possible that by 2050 will be able to replace the fuel was derived today from crude oil. with synthetic fuels be at biofuels or e fuels a test flight to powered by sustainable fuel. is it really as emissions free as the research is? hey, they follow the test flight in its vapor trail, measuring error souls, water vapor, and trace gases. the synthetic fuels are indeed just as environmentally friendly as they were in the lab. but they

come at a price, they're twice as expensive as standard kerosene, just with our from ticket price. that will add several years to the cost of short half lights and perhaps several $100.00 euros for long hall flights. i would just, there's no shame fuck life, but of course it's only a fraction of the total ticket price by because the aircraft has to be paid for the pilot. and so it's only part of the cost which are doubled. this is done for today was about hydrogen powered claims. how promising a vein does pure hydrogen make a good kerosene substitute? the gas is put to the test. the researches measure the burning process. the

focus a burner with numerous nozzles powered by hydrogen. the hydrogen flame is colorless, the orange color comes from the water. the scientists want to find out how stable the flames are. for example, hydrogen burns so quickly and easily that there's a risk, the flame could damage the burner. not this time, the flames and the burning process proved stable, unsafe. in a 2nd step, the research is simulate conditions during a flight. this chamber has a pressure of 30 to 50 bar. the research is focused here is not on the burner, but on the flame. a laser measures flames speed.

in the last 80 years, researches have only ever studied liquid fuels. there's little research on the potential of gas, hydrogen as a kerosene substitute is still a distant prospect. as it is, i know of acid off of your hydrogen use, an aircraft will play a smaller role by 2050. i know in the single digit percentage range, been einstein because it'll still be many years until the 1st aircraft are developed and come to market. and ticket van and often moment will be years before the fleets are cargo to deflect longer. was that van on the invite that a factor from another factor is that hydrogen can be used mainly for medium range. why this with baker 2 or 3000 kilometers maximum, either out of any van can, and they're only a small percentage of all total flying sites. think of some flu go by 2050 flying could be almost emissions free. thanks to synthetic fuels on long

whole flights and hydrogen powered short ones. it long whole flights. those traveling a distance of more than 4000 kilometers. we're responsible for more than half of c o. 2 emissions in 2020, worldwide. good. yet in europe, long, whole flights accounted for only around 6 percent of flies. as long as there's kerosene in the tank, long whole flight will remain the biggest sin against the climate. for short hall slide, this model could inspire the future of aircraft powered by hydrogen fuel cell technology . no noise, no particles, no c o 2. the dream of emissions free flying could take off

that's it for tomorrow to day. join us again next week for more exciting stories from the world of science. so you next time, goodbye. take curious. a with

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a lot of take part and send us your story. we are trying always to understand this new culture. so you are not a visitor, not the guests. you want to become a citizen. in so migrants your platform for reliable information. it started out with spooky intimidation, and transformed into an orgy of hate and violence. the history of the ku klux klan, the oldest terrorist organization in the united states, its members fight for races, state route. why white supremacy? what we're talking about here is not only disorganized violence, it's not only terrorism. it's politics. found it over 150 years ago. it's repeatedly died out, but always been resurrected. the ku klux klan starts may 11th on

d w. ah, ah ah, this is daily news lived from berlin. russia stepped south is to sell on ukraine as it marks its annual victory day rushes, military prepared to show a force that its world war 2 commemorations. western countries say moscow has nothing to celebrate invasion of your crime. also coming up, dozens of fear dead in an ass trying on a school in east a new crime. president lensky says, up to 60 civilians, what killed wild sheltering?

it's one of the worst single attacks in the v 11 weight war.