where 24th, some have predicted that vladimir putin's aim would be to in the war at the latest by today. when the world has never perfected, predicting putin. we become much better at recognizing the past, according to potent today, was victory day in russia. a celebration of the soviet defeat over nazi germany. now the war ended 77 years ago, but for putin the battle it still rages all. i'm broke off in berlin. this is the day. ah, i see a big group in our free land. the memory of alabama has always framed our future. and the nato block started active military colonization of territories belonging to us. that there is no invited who can rule at our free people. sooner or later, we are all in vain, and that is all the more important at

a time when the unthinkable has returned to us and to our view was watching on p b. s. in the united states into all of you around the world. welcome. we begin the day with the russian president attempt to recast his country's past, hoping that it will in credibility to the lives that he is telling about the present. to day it was a victory day in russia when the country remembers and celebrates the soviet defeat of nazi germany. military pride from 1945 military misinformation from 2022. despite the setbacks and ukraine potent praised his armed forces to day for what they are doing, they are still refusing to call it a war by name. thousands of troops and military vehicles joined the parade on red square. the array of weapons on display was cut because of commitments fighting in ukraine. usually the focus of the celebrations is on the past. on the victories and the sacrifices of what russians called the great patriotic war. but this year has

been different. president putin has claimed that he wants to de not so fy ukraine put, used his speech to blame western countries today for provoking his attack on ukraine. and he falsely claimed that they were planning to invade russia and that keith planned to obtain a nuclear weapon. and i see it is a rush of calls on the west to an honest dialogue to search for reasonable mutual solutions to take into account each other's interests, all in vain. the nato countries did not want to hear us, which means that in fact, they had completely different plans. and we saw that there were open preparations for another punitive operation. and don, this in a bit, us for an incursion into our historic lands including crimea, keep announced possible acquisition of nuclear weapons was, and the nato block started active military colonization of territories belonging to

us in there. so an absolutely unacceptable threat for us was created directly near our borders that you then you put a ya lena through and for more to night, i'm joined now by retired lieutenant general, ben hodges, he's a former commanding general of the u. s. army here in europe. it's good to see you again this evening. there's a lot to talk about tonight. so i want to start with what the russian president didn't say to day. he surprised a lot of people by not declaring any kind of victory in ukraine and not moving russia to a war footing with a full military mobile zation. and what's your read on that? so when that's a good observation, i mean there were several things that were missing from what and so many people had expected to hear or see today. first of all, there was, i mean, there was no own from, it was a lack of enthusiasm. it was, you know, there was stuff there but it, it didn't have the feel. busy of a nation that is winning in

a major conflict with such high stakes as the president describe them. and it also didn't have to feel that, you know, they were getting ready to really launch into something. i didn't, you didn't feel any momentum coming out of it. it was smaller what you mean, frankly than usual not as much hard. busy the fly over was supposedly cancel because of weather. i would, i would defer to them, but we'll see what's left. no declaration of victory. i know what our declaration of war no escalation and not even a private a call to mobile as a general mobilization. so. so no call to arms, if you will. the whole focus was on connect and russian people trying to legitimize what they're doing in ukraine by connecting it to what happened in 1945. and i think it was not that big a deal. we know that western intelligence sources were brut briefing,

that mister putin had told his generals to produce a victory for him, bytes a day by may. 9th is the lack of a victory claim. it assigned that the russian military is failing or have western intelligence agencies been somewhat off the mark here. so actually i would say that our intelligence um has been very good going back to before 24 february were remarkably accurate. and i also liked the way that we have shared it publicly on certain things which really got the kremlin on the back foot. that was important. i think the, the problem for the russians is that they have no victory to celebrate. i mean, every single thing they have tried to do has generally failed even mario, which should have been gone in the 1st week. you still have these incredibly tough,

ukrainian troops that are still holding out. and i think these guys are going to be compared to the 300 spartans for a long time. and so there's, there was not something the depressions could really put a flag in. and, you know, we, we seem here in the west to have been surprised by the lack of the russian military's ability to, to move quickly when the invasion began. they couldn't take, keep. now, there are reports coming out vet, inside russia, that the military is having trouble convincing particularly young men to in list. how serious of a threat to, i guess the viability of the russian military. do you see that being thank, that's a great point. they have a serious manpower problem. first of all, the population of russia, about 140000000, so not a large population for such a huge country. they have generally avoided conscripting any soldiers from

moscow or saint petersburg. so the 2 main population centers actually are not proportionately represented in the armed forces in the ranks. there are reports that not only are soldiers who are deployed are beginning to disobey. busy orders or refusing orders, but also people even traditionally do not show up 100 percent for conscription date. and i think this is part of the reason why we did not see a call for general mobilization because it would be humiliating to have large percentages of russians who supposedly are so supportive of what the kremlin is doing to not report for for mobilization. instead, with the office that runs mobilization for the russian minister, defense sent out an invite. would anybody like to do this?

so they're, they're having some serious manpower problems. and i really have to say, ok, i'm surprised that mr. chicago still has his job and his head, he's been the minister of defense now for almost 8 years. so he, he sort of presides over this whole thing. and when you say you are surprised. so what, what do you think it means? i mean, we, we've, we've seen some public dress downing of intelligence officials in russia, but we have one report and he needs the generals. he needs the military on his side and he knows that's, that's the nature of an author, authoritarian state. so, i mean, how stable is everything inside when you consider that? you know, no heads have been rolling? yeah, that's the good point. i'm sure dessert, but i didn't see general gresham off today. um, he clearly general garage some of the chief of the general staff. i would typically

have been there featured prominently camera had a ro instead. sure who, who is the defense minister played the senior military commander can are all today . i don't know. i've been looking at speculation all day about wives are awesome. i was not there. some people think he was wounded in an attack for several days. busy when he was visiting one of the headquarters, so some people think he's, you know, maybe he's really busy. and then some have speculated that maybe he's been pushed aside. i didn't see lap rob either for, for mr. lever off, mom was not featured in any of the of the thing, so maybe sure he was still there because he got rid of gressick. i don't know. i shouldn't even speculate. but this is something that we always did in the cold war was watch who's up there on the of the politburo, you know, who's standing next to the secretary general and communist party on these big

events who's standing close. so that's what i was doing today was trying to figure out who was. busy and who wasn't? yeah, i mean it's like ghost of the soviet union on display, on red and layer again, addict general been hodges as always are we appreciate your time and your valuable insights tonight. thank you. by sort of privilege. when you crane celebrated the end of the 2nd toward more in europe just a day earlier, the country hosted candidates prime minister justin trudeau and the u. s. first lady joe biden grinning president, board of miss lensky released a video message to mark the occasion. and he said that ukraine will one day celebrate to victory days, jordan movies, and that same day we celebrate victory day ever naziism. we will not allow anyone to annexes victory. we will not allow it to be appropriated to working with our enemy dram that we would refuse to celebrate. may the 9th and the victory of naziism. so the word denazi's vacation gets a chance to demolition with those the will you and we will always fight for

ourselves to our freedom you for our independence. but said that the victory of our ancestors was not in vain or him. they fought for freedom for us, and one but him. we are fighting for freedom for our children, and therefore we will win. will do so he did thee. i would put a mortal, isn't very soon that would be to victory, dazing, or crank, congratulations on the victory day of nazis and glory to ukraine. m. o. gry, zalinski award time president, the war rages on the city of nikolai, these on the front lines of the war in southern ukraine. it's been hit by russian attacks time and time again. since march is now blocking and advanced by moscow's forces towards odessa, our correspondent mathias bellinger accompanied the ukrainian army on the front lines near nikolai. and they spoke to residents who have lived through the onslaught. suburb dreams shattered lives destroyed by 8 russian bombs. the southern ukrainian city of mc alive has been plagued by

bombing and shelling since the beginning of the war. alexander was sitting in his garden in early march, when 2 planes flew overhead dropping bombs. lily below the good bill there were explosions. there was white smoke everywhere. above it took off the roof and the fence which is so bull watch over there is but 2 people died it. oh, the quill. it was a clear day. so bill they were flying low. i knew they must have seen that there are no soldiers. here you go, william, william nick, just as civilians. okay. with us. the fighting continues in the region during our visit. it was here in mac alive that the russian advice was stopped. now the city is blocking a rush in advance towards odessa, but the price is destruction. in late march the governor's resident's became at

target. this building was hit by a russian caliber messiah. the obvious target being the governor who has been one of the most important public figures during this war. the river on good morning we're from ukraine. through last night, they bombed and be bombed and bombed. we are from ukraine, the opening line of vitaly. kim's daily video has become famous, being at the front line, his videos are watched all over the country. the governor, as a close ally to president zalinski, will have no chance for now to uh to get through our defense. so i don't think they had no forces to get through our defense for now was for, for a, for a couple days at less. for now, pressure on the city has eased a priorities to restore water supplies for 3 weeks. now the tops in the city have run dry wood williams. as we are fighting and overcoming all difficulties.

we always hope for the best. i think hope for the future and optimism are probably characteristic traits of the ukrainian people come with that or that nothing can break us. you thought when you did normally just in life within the next week, the city administration has promised tap water will be running again. and my next guest tonight is the historian norman day mark. he's a professor of eastern european studies at stanford university of the u. s. professor, it's good to have you on the program. there is so much to talk about, especially today with this war in ukraine. i know that one of your focus is, is on genocide and ethnic cleansing in the 20th century. what we have seen in just the past few months in ukraine and looks like war crimes in it's, it's also easier to day to documented and to provide the evidence. do we

realize the significance of what is happened? what has been done against people in this war? or is it still too fresh? how do you see it? well, i think both things that you mentioned are true, which is that in one hand, it's completely obvious that war crimes have been and are being committed. not just war crimes, but other categories of cracks and crimes against humanity or carrying out a war of aggression. and then the 4th category of crimes that is managed by the i c c genocide. now we don't know exactly. i mean, part of your question indicates that we don't know exactly what's going on. we don't know what happened exactly in mario poll for example. and it's too early in some cases to say for example, but it's genocide, it could well be that what the ukrainians are experiencing are all,

all 4 categories of crimes that are mentioned by international tribunal in when we look at what happened today in moscow with the victory, day parade. we heard from us officials, today's saying, you know, they found themselves doing what they did during the soviet era looking to see who was there by the president and, and who wasn't. and we, we look at that when we look at the atrocities in ukraine, it feels like we have gone back to the, to the past in just the past few months. is president booted? is he a master? at re crafting a narrative that we thought had been put to the history books. and you know, dillard did to the 20th century. well, it's certainly, i don't know if he's a master, but brutus certainly is fitting into the tradition. you know,

of the victory a speeches by going back to russian heroes, you know, in earlier periods by referring to the victory in the 2nd world war is the great patriotic, more victory. what was the soviet people now? it's the russian people. and then, you know, putting in the war against ukraine, you know, which he called today, a preemptive strike. in other words, he said something slightly new today and that speech and now was that he was you know, he acted, you know, to defend them is not really new, but to defend russia against a ukrainian nationalist fascists. and they are american and nato backers. so he fit that narrative into the old narrative, the old soviet narrative of having one the victory against nazis. and we hear time

and time again that vladimir putin. we know that he thinks that the end of the soviet union was a horrible geopolitical disaster. and that it's believe that he would like to restore the russian empire, the greatness of that is that something that lives only in this man and when he is no longer with that dream from the 19th century will be gone. or how realistic is it for him to instill that, for the next generation to make that something salient to the 21st century for the russians? well, this notion of, you know, reconstructing the russian empire is not unique to clearly. and that there are many, many people in russia know who listen to that message in response to it. and that there are many people in the leadership who share that point of view. you know, that the great russian nation, you know, deserves and higher. and then you train,

you know, is part of that empire, a natural part of it. so in that sense, you know, the imperial ambitions of moscow today, you know, relate to those of the soviet period. and then to the pre soviet period, you know, to, there's ours. and so it's nothing unique about, i mean, what's unique about them as that he was willing, it's not unique. i mean, there were other people in the crime and you were also ready to do this. but what was, what was striking about what he did was to conduct an aggressive war against you, craig, i mean, to invade a sovereign country as he did. i think that was, you know, a mistake on his part and it was also something, you know, they do both ukraine and russia to this terrible. ready war which is going to exact, you know, still, you know, and toward, we still don't know exactly how much it's going to exact from both countries. i

mean it's, it's a terrible shane. it's a waste, it's awful weight and we don't know what is going to happen to russia once there is no vladimir putin anymore. he is, after all, human, just like you and i, his time is limited on do you see any type of mechanisms, any type of institutions in place now that have any traction in russia that could help restore a, an attempt to have democracy fourish there at some point, i mean we know what happened in the 1990 s. we know what that led? it gave us letting me put me. will there be another chance that democracy for the russians? well, there are couple questions in there. let me answer them, ask them 1st, that i'm hopeful that one fine day i may not see it. in fact, i probably won't say that there is the possibility that democracy can,

can be restored to russia. russia itself can live under a reasonable no democratic system. and the other part of your question is really what happens if lot of your p who goes yeah, and there, i think we can't be too confident that this democracy will come immediately in other words. and we can't be confident really, that someone, not just as bad as him, and not just as bad as he is, would, would assume the presidency. i mean, you know, my hope is that it can't be, it can't be worse right now. but, but that's a hope, you know, it may be, it can be, i mean, russia is moved, you know, you mentioned institutions that there are no institution that can, you know, they've been destroy the institutions that can, you know, replace it even civil society, you know, which one could have hoped more from in the past, you know,

people who either lock out like the volley, we're dead killed, murdered like me. i'm salt or several 100000 russians. you know, have gone in texas. and, you know, people who could have been relied on and kind of civil society movement, you know, to institute democracy. so, you know, the picture in russia, i'm sorry to say makes me sad to say, is blake. and we can hope for future some point down the line for democratic developments, but not right now. yeah. and you know, many of us are still shocked that in the year 2022 we having discussions that would have fit in the 1980. and we never thought we would have been repeating them in the 21st century. professor norman neimark from stanford university professor, we appreciate your time and your valuable insights tonight. thank you. said thank you for having european union leaders met in strossberg to day to lay out

a road map for reform and renewal. and this is all because of the war in ukraine. they are winding up a year long consultation process, asking europeans for their views on how to strengthen democracy in unity here and the french president emanuel mc wrong. and the european commission president ursula on the lion. they presented their visions for the future of the huge a day, so that they wanted ukraine to be a part of their future within the european union. nicholas, ladies and gentlemen, this is the image i want us to celebrate on the 9th of may. an image far more powerful than any military, a demon parade, anti made going up and down the streets of moscow, brooklyn ukraine, by its fight. and its courage is already a heartfelt member of our europe normal and our family, the not hook to notify me that our union knew 7,

but we all know only too well that the accession process would take several years of them don't let is you. if not several decades on today preserves any of it. they sounded present this in europe is a dream, a dream that always was a dream, vaughn, from tragedy. but to day that dream shines the brightest. not only here in this is story place, it shines brightest in the hearts and minds of the people of kiff and cock keith of odessa and mattie a poem see not probably get shot east. it's our historic obligation to respond a decay and to create. so what i would call here today, a european political community community, but he teach hopin and the next page, dear ukrainian friends, is now being written by you by us, by all of us together. slammer,

ukraine, you long live in some even sing it. it's a celebration. it's campy. i'm talking about the eurovision song contest. it is back this week and to ring italy, a musical competition that unites europeans in front of the television set. the singers are busy warming up the rogue hurried to the dress rehearsal. the favorites to win this year's competition is believe it or not, the ukrainian act, the collusion orchestra. it's members. we give a special permission to leave the country to take part the folk rep group. want to use the high profile a bit to draw attention to the war in their homeland. and i'm sure the world will be watching that is the day we will see you tomorrow. ah ah

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world. a pianist with burned piano and rescued music, a painter in search of the light of his homeland in war, or living on arts in 60 minutes, dw. oh, it stood it only shook intimidation, and transformed into an orgy of hate and violence. the history of the ku klux klan, the oldest terrorist organization in the united states, its members fight for races, state ruled by white supremacy. what we're talking about here is not only disorganized violence, it's not only terrorism. it's politics. founded over 150 years ago.

it's repeatedly died out, but always been resurrected. the ku klux klan starts may 11th on d. w ah, ah. in modern life, we're always on the move. whether they're getting around or shipping goods across the globe, a modes of transportation are convenient, but they're damaging the environment. how can we make mobility more sustainable? that's what we talk about today. hello and welcome to eco, india. i'm some of that a good rickshaws. have.