they are peers and rivals with one dealing goal to outsmart nature. one of the most insightful discoveries in the history of mankind. more life starts may 28th on d, w. hello and welcome to the 77 percent. this is the show made for us africa youth. i am your host, michael routine. ah, to this shore is about why not try resources in some african countries are not lifting people out of poverty. yes. what's coming up? we look at the challenges and opportunities are on africa, mineral resources, we ask young cyril unions. where does this see young men are riches us

a blessing or a kiss? on a different lot. we take a cultural tall around the army with africa is blessed with many natural resources. so for instance, the democratic republic of congo, it, i suspect that to be the global leader in the supply of lithium, which is used in mobile form and electric car batteries. other countries have abundant mineral resources. so why is the continent not prospering? let's find out. from ashanti golden west africa to diamonds and south africa. human beings have exploded africa, precious mineral for centuries. nowadays, as raw materials run out elsewhere, african mining exploration is booming. africa from some of the world's biggest mineral produces from africa for platinum, dorsey,

for cobalt and colton and put swanner number 2 worldwide for diamonds. but with such abundant mineral resources, why are african countries not richer? here are some reasons. most mining operations of foreign run apart from south africa, which has its own mining industry, corruption, and weak states means local communities really benefit and human rights are ignored . what's more short sighted mining practices, lead lamps, god and water poisoned plus minerals are really refined locally. they exported ra at a lower price while large profits are made elsewhere. the so called results current has led to conflict displacement and leaves local communities fighting for scraps. now i want to take you deeper into their minds. and our journey starts in kimberly's thought africa. this town is known for 3 things. the big hall dusty, abundant diamond mine that you're seeing right behind me. and secondly is

a place in which for macro nice. so ruth established that was the biggest dam on fam dps. and thirdly is a town where dime, one producing countries sat down and came up with a rule that prevent the industrial from finance and conflicts. i know it's a lot of history, but what do they want mean to, kimberly, today, let's find out. in south africa, more and more desperate men and women try their luck, digging up gold and diamonds, a risky and often fatal quest. the coleman said the legal but does morales can me bring changes too? to me, my family. oh, quite qualified with mine. we fight with the police, we fight dis our black people's minds to swain. we don't care. to be honest, if you don't care to be killed, want to be penalized in. kimberly,

once the site of the biggest diamond russian history mines have closed down and left people jobless to day, thousands of our tis no miners like labor, frank and patrick, sick through the leftovers. they call themselves the amazon mas as zulu word, meaning those who try and try it hard, but we don't have a choice. i'd leg days, no jobs. what will we do? so it's, this is our job. this is how we make living. even though it takes a long time to get out, but if we get it, then we know many things are thought out. you can come to day, pick up a 40 carrot and then your life changes automatically because of you'll be having millions and then with that money can bears out of 30000 are tis, no mine is in south africa. most are illegal. many belong to criminal syndicates. where extortion and violence occurred daily. why ill?

williams, an artist no mining activist from the northern cape youth and geo helps young's amazon has gauged the value and sell their stones better under the current law. that's tricky, law goes up. the market is actually designed in a way that, you know, it, it marginalizes the us, um, as i miss out, it keeps them out because, you know, we don't have that much laws. they do to help us to, to sell our stones in the private market. so we tend to, you know, just go back into the they were black market, zelma zamiah's can work legally. the batch of pillow cooperative in, kimberly is south africa's 1st attempt to bring illegal minus into the formal sector. they can legally mine on a 50 hector plot near the city, but after 3 years of not finding a single stone label hung and patrick left, the government supported co operative aims to stop violence and provide livelihoods . but since it started 2 years ago,

continuous violence has plagued by 2 paley with diamond mine as fighting over the best places to dig. now, government does not grant any more concessions or allow other cooperatives to form with the government. they're not put in effort to help us to grow in autism. maybe it is like the want to see the autism mainly fee in this country. it is what you want, but we never go to allow the government but without more co operatives, the local cutting and polishing industry also suffers osi gems, to the small diamond cutting company kimberly specializing ethically source to gemstones. if i tis no mining cooperative adhere to good environmental and social standards, osi gems would buy their stones. it wants to see miners and their families profit directly from sales. we really see potentially in terms of,

especially in the fest, the world did. they are people who are more interested in buying dam, was that dumb mind to buy it is not a main us. so i think if with there can be a proper structure in terms of small them and cotton, punishing ficus accessing those damn ones they did in the future can be, can be very, very good. yet before this can happen, mining activist williams believes that miners and cooperative must make up and instead fight for better working conditions. currently, the butter pillow co operative reaps in membership fees and a 2 percent cut of each diamond sale without supporting its members. a lot more can still be done, you know, not by the government, but us ourselves, you know, just by, by, you know, helping ourselves out with tools. you know, in, at the, at the feel elicit mineral trading in south africa, is estimated to be with 1200000000 euros money that feeds thousands of households

and fields. a large, exploitative black market. when it comes to diamonds, many young people prefer bigger ones. the bigger their better, always think about where your time on comes from. from south africa. lemme take you to a mine in town, in sierra leone called coin to this area, was devastated by the 11 year civil war in sierra leone. unlike barrier and the so called conflict or blood, dimas, from this area financed the war 20 years after the war, ascended with kimani, takes the debate. the streets of quite do unlocks that people it be off. finally, seeing that by me want riches hello and welcome back to the 77 percent the show for africa youth. this week we are in coy do this is sarah leon's, rich mining district. and in this country,

you will find literally anything from coulton to ion or, and dian was, but it is extracted and very quickly exported. and so today we want to find out those exports, translating to weld for the young people who live here, who better to answer this question for me than fellow serial unions. let me hear from a i hear he is a student, but he was also mining and in the mines from a very young age. when i was 14 years old, i was middle school, i was out there a genius icon, i school and say leon, also giving his kind of support from a real it's, he's almost been with, but them in love horses here. we can get our live lute. it was very difficult, very challenging because as a younger adult skip school by didn't go to the mines, the give support because that was the only source of live you we had. so if you look at the impacts of them of mine in to use your in the wider population sale you for me, it is much of course you. so look at the community that we are standing, look at the impacts of the money. you look at people who are benefits of a benefit from the mine and all the few people in a good measure, your views,

we do not have access to water. we don't have access to electricity, we love good roots. even i infrastructure as they ball. okay. and by the way, we should mention that where we are right now, there's a big mine that operates just beyond this mound. and what we're seeing as a byproduct of that blasting rocks which are then crushed into smaller pieces by the women we're seeing in the background to then be sold to construction workers. so i'd like to hear from the mayor because we've heard that this region, despite its riches, is not reflective of the diamonds and the gold that's coming out of this region. so i'm wondering why you're right so, but on the contrary to say a mirror or deimos or whatever, i mean you are given to was, is it cause is not a cause. the availability of the natural resources has into the, is not a problem. if we have a good gov on our system or system put in place how to extract on even if day so we pulled to go. we still bring those

a marsh's those technologies. how to transform those raw materials here into a finished product of so let me, let me, let me just bring in slime on here because you spoke of policy and he is from the national mining agency, the body that is supposed to enforce policy and also created around the extractive industry. so isn't right, but the may a saying that we just have a lack of that leadership from national level. now what's this is, is it is, is focusing on mili is to see the committees really weird, isn't where the mirrors are coming from. the benefit from the so given sure that the committees to sign the committee room arguments with the communities. so the, at the end of every year, the gross revenues, some positive comp, actually committed to have the committees act that these with this wants to us. and sure, that's who jacks are been a implemented in hold on a is already disagreeing with you. yes. and if you look at what mining companies are getting from, cannot dispute from the meanings that we are doing?

and we compare it to the impacts in the community. it is not common. sure. it's even a community development agreement to say the sign widows communities, the amount that is, gets him back to the communities. it cannot take no tangible development projects the mays raising his hand on that side. but i want to hear from mary 1st can because you grew up in a place that has been mining for a really long time. in fact, some of the earliest diamonds were discovered where you grew up. did you see this reflected as you were growing up before this time? i think there was a better system in place. many people benefited from me before even we we are bone . as for me personally, i know you will like walking around the settlement community because haven't seen our mothers, our grandma does our children, our, the listen girls that should be in school by now the i hear walking for themselves in order to gain the are lively would okay, let me hear from penndot, it's here because he's actually embroiled in apes, lawsuits active against big mining companies because of various reasons. so is what

we're hearing from a reflective of what you're seeing in your profession. communities are calling out unseen. we've been oppressed, we've been abused by mining companies, and they are not respecting the laws and policies as articulated by the leadership of this country. but most warren, it is not the communist bureau that is worrying to the communities, is their leadership attitude towards their oppression. so the, the government agents that are supposed to be protecting supposed to be challenging the companies to deliver to the community. they are being indicted by our communities that they are colliding, including entities. operation is a serious issue, is a security issue. again, shouldn't be law tenure, a smashing stones dog from the robbers of the diamond, meaning of the junior young type of the best quality demos in the world. and you cannot see, it is not accounted for. no one knows what is taking there every day. let me ask him, ask him about course, let me ask,

let him get loaded. ok. now we are seeing an enemy has mines compliance officers inside there. they walk on fishing bases. what's the mainly the company gets the package. everything the same, the seal, it's the issue that is missing and then kept into the enemy, cutlets, what they were doing with it. and then they have the percentage you're going to play was in that comes back to the committee for which the city says they've got the accounts. i'm sure that is beyond your scope, but i'm just trying to put a lot of if you put money into an account and you never see the result, why keep the money into the account until now? did he certainly scoop it to the various schools and he provided schools and another challenge that comes from mining, of course, you're dealing with ethical, minerals out. what are some of the implications of these are extractive practices? if you can even call them that? well, i receive the implications like if this big company that are coming into the community,

likely now the used the some machine is the context of vito, the just man dandy lived the whole like that. then i believe if delivery like that's for the future generation, they will house like now you measure culture, they would have some, some yachts would do the i culture because the, the whole, the pit is left open. okay. it's layman. i like the fact that you're raising your hand because i wanted to ask, what is it? and it may say about this. so we told him after money, you will clearly lunch because of some money does the order use of one. so what you're saying is a companies are compelled or they're supposed to. yes, we're poor still opposed to rights. yeah. my experience is that say the enemy and the p. alice, i lived in love in terms of visual and protection of the environment. because if we look at the piano under protection agency to be fair, they've been trying to plant trees, they're doing their best to recover and reclaim some of the land. we are the trees that. yep. lansing, the fees on the growing, these are the, are plants, yellow even looking after the trees for me most of in city is that she showed up

a manning the affairs of the environment are just may leave her lip service for the people. if you go to mimic or chief dome, we are one of the biggest they go minds is located in co disputes. the apple, it's hard to water sources that is the, at the community. a softly announced point in time. the theme that is the has been polluted. afy is also the mining operation. fishy, is another a living things that are live in those streams along, you know, at places we out as mine, operations are being carried up specifically in the mc orchard, them all those things are being destroyed. yeah. so what do they do in terms of preservation of the environment? all right, so we've had quite a myriad of challenges related to both large scale and small scale mining, particularly in this region. and now i want to find out for my panelists, how do we move forward? we have a way forward. how cool do the, the top management has to change the attitude, especially in the a of this mining companies. we are seen this them, i'm, i'm the policies that are already in place should be implemented and of course are regarding women. we have several structures in please, even this m,

m stone crush as we men, we have them as an association. so these branches are, if we want to empower them, there are several other ways, maybe in agriculture, we can bring up agriculture broke. i mean programs and we subscribe them too. so that's how we got our programs. does anybody else have a solution that we haven't heard yet? so the goldman was between spirit, accountable and development must not be particularly political issue. once you own government, your government for everybody. okay, well at the beginning of this debate, i asked if the riches that i found largely underground in this country present a curse or not to the economy and the people of this region. what i've heard in a resounding way is that no, they're not. it's simply how they're handled or mishandled. i don't know what your viewpoint is, but thank you for watching. do

a google search of coin too, and you realize that a mind sub left, 2 big horse in the middle of the town. and also most of the time that you have just seen does not have electricity. and to think that some of the largest diamonds in the world have been found here. that is for me, very hard to reconcile. if you want to watch a longer version of this to beat her to r 77 percent youtube channel, and tell me if you are seeing that natural resources riches in your country. we have just seen that debate where there is no minor regulation there. varmint surface that coupled with a change in climate and africa, has a major problem on its hands, nigerian activist or love to su, abbernackey is trying to raise awareness about climate change. and she says the time to act is now. climate change is no longer traits but to reality and the reality is 4th, we are faced with right now. so the time to act is now in

my name is the ladder, so i didn't care. i'm an equal feminist climate just with an employer reporter. i'm to find out, i need climate i thought if right it can kill glen growing and no one is the in that in africa. so i did i did this join, great at suitable to you so, and that's really inspired me and the ward asked lodge because she's yelling in the action trying to make the award to understand the impact of climate and, and why most of it's right now with digital to us, it's important for us to see how we can bridge the gap in common. he gets in the midst of people, that is what i'm using my social media channel to do to champion all of this solutions. every activities i am taking offline. the tickets or like for people to understand and to join me.

i can not just with paul goldman in the job option models quality back in my does. so i started and i know that we need to localize. that's a form of activism so that so as to fit our society. so i said we're going to school day the kids to day. so i think going to university to secondary school, bob lee, and trying to educate people about the 5. because i believe that you, we must force know the problem before we can solve it. ah. my biggest challenge for us is like trying to convince the people in the try floppy portal in this town . there. some people does learn to deny the plenty to believe that you are washing them. they have to see the software to need before they get to understand why they

need to title fees. i can teach them how to apply this. but allies are organic, fertilize group, on reward. that would help was to rise yes, crop l time for them to have good productivity in. now the secrecy crisis globally and africa is left behind because we had the most impacted by declarative crisis. ah, she said at all, don't brush it off. climate change is real and you'll be affected very soon. so start thinking about what you can do to lessen the impact from nigeria. let's head north to nisha office, but i cannot buy one. allah is waiting for us in the army who wants to show us his beautiful city. so come along. so out of control. well alex,

come every one. i'm bertina bowen, allah, i'm from leisure. and this is the beautiful city of miami, where i grew up. i'm very happy to welcome you to my city in the army. thank once on that radical needs years capital near me. it was the sahara, but there is no denying the fit of lush greens like none other than most of the kids. the biggest river flow through it and 15th, the city of over 1000000 is in summer flow. virginia. we are at leisure river. it's our pride and beauty. it fits the city and give the charm not a mile. mia made both a mix of west african and the heron heritage who lannie, grandma houser, and 2 or 8 people live here. he added to his roots. burkina writes his lyrics in both hauser and samar, with an average age of just 15. najia is the wild youngest country and the youth of mimi city market. well, they devil an extra inver,

kenneth decreed you don't want our grandma so we are. grandma shared the biggest market in the heart of near me is several, marcia prepaid pockets. you know, this is my favorite because you can find everything you want here. home for kutrovitch, welcome of it automatically. after leaving his hands and follows behind, if time for a snack, the local speciality committee sunday drives me illegally. she is symbolic of manager in the army, and you can always find these here in muslim countries. it's christy, me and american friends are still on his tail later on to swing by the international festival of african fashion, a melting pot of missouri and culture. i mean i know some of all my family we are here to fema where i have been on our own performing. we have 5 minutes on

stage and it was going to be like nothing else for me. the all the way from bright lights and the crowd burger came out, picks us to the do you just outside the city? it's time to wind down. all michelle. dear friends, via here with my mood, my guitarist the only engine that we come here to get inspired surrounded by the beauty of nature and peace, and the beautiful view of jani. we are here in the army and also you are homeless waiting for you and you all is welcome. thank you. charles. when i arrive in the army fast and i'm going to try is clichy, and actually i need to get out of here and find me some clichy. but before i go, i hope that today's sure help you to understand that natural resources do not

necessarily translate into wealth value needs to be added and regulations and force . because there are a couple of examples where this has weight. but china, for instance, is an example where the profits flow back into the communities. so if you nor of other places where this solution waves, then let us know i would like to hear from you. you can find us on facebook, instagram, and youtube, or write us an email on before i leave you. yes, a music a song i should say from none other than that man. we've just met back enough from the say with this song because woman. until next time. thanks for watching. ah, with no, no,

no a ah, [000:00:00;00]

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and online ah ah, this is the w news live from berlin. russian forces abatement back from ha keith. it korean soldiers retake villages around the 2nd largest city as russia loses territory and tanks back president. a lot of miss lensky wants of a long the boy also coming up. the accused shot an unarmed and non threatening civilian in the head with an assault rifle. russian soldier goes on trialing,