william had a bank on gonzalez, will i and was how, you know, if i had known that the boat would be that small, i never would have gone on the train. i would not have put myself and my parents in that danger. god, it's a theme. the, it'll select even leave, who love on central. they've had that one. the ability to give them, i had a serious problems on a personal level, and i was unable to live there, but it went to go to that you want to know their story info, migrant, verified, and reliable information for my grants. a, a very warm welcome to a new episode of africa for the next half hour will take you on a journey to

a wide variety of different regions. i am sandra green over here in com. paula, uganda. on the he is michael. thanks, sandra. that rides plantations always sees an asian forest, are just some of the reaches on the african continents that are reporters are going to take us to. i have chris lives in lagos, nigeria, and this is watson today's program. how on the waste is taneesha is been revived after daycare. so we want to use why c goals are playing a little known environmental factors and how village residents in common rooms use gorilla clubs to protect the rain forest offers the green. then you turn yellow, and if you're not careful, they'll go brow. i'm talking about the banana as the popular nutritious fruits has been farmed in africa for 4500 years. but

a majority of the have as not end up in europe, 300000 tons of them are exported annually from ivory coast alone, making it africa as the guest exporter. conventional production methods use a lot of pesticides, but some farmers are turning over a new leaf. ah. growing bananas requires meticulous work to prevent the spread of what's known as seger androids. stephanie cronan removes the flora remains from each fruit by hand . conventional farmers spray the plants with fungus aid to combat diseases, but cornyn refuses to do that. the bananas grown on her plantation in not an ivory coast at organic melissa to demand for our product and we sell everything we produce and was for conventional plantation. and there are several around here

produce in large quantities as well, but they sometimes have a problem to sell india harvest. but green bananas in this region is challenging. the land here suffers from drought and desertification. farming is impossible, without irrigation and only profit cruelties good enough for export. whatever fells to make the grid common sense to our factory that produces dried organic bananas which are sold at local several over do you remember who do for it is true that running and organic law is very live intensive. but at the same time, it allows you to produce a lot of well avoiding practices that tom, our hell, or cause solve depletion and visit if occasion this, we think that if everyone share the same vision we could crop with the effects of climate change and go to one alarm for jordan and brought it to multiple movies to

watch. but so far, only 5 percent of bananas in ivory caused are grown organically. whether organic or conventional production. cultivating bananas is not without its challenges. natural offshoots of banana plants can be infected with diseases. the only way to prevent that from happening is to propagate the plants with cuttings. french company company of frontier and its local subsidiary, or parrot a laboratory for these buffers. here, cartons had taken from the healthiest plants and used to grow shoots, also known as pulse. ross green with when a banana so confusing, we remove them, mary stem that is to see the hottest. after 4 weeks, the tissue cultures, we have lakin and grown a little richer after father growth track, the shoots are subdivided, or these shoots are intended for both conventional and organic plantations. in

order to get the highest yield possible with ecological cultivation methods, the company has set up test tools. here, scientists try out natural pers repellents based on chile, pepper, or cinnamon. they also make material barriers from blue that prevent the effects from reaching the fruits double and look what you don't bar in as the trials of 1st conducted in a limited area. that's why we test different solutions. and depending on the results, we then try them out in larger areas. last by that every stuff on a couple of issue, they don't fuss. the company aims to gradually increased this year over gornick bananas. but a major problem remains. most producers around the world grow the cavendish banana . a variety that travels will antis, good by the plants are clones. since they are all genetically identical, they are very susceptible to diseases and pests. cultivating other varieties will

be of benefit. likely consumers need ways to defend themselves, and one of the most effective ways when they go organic is to chose hydro varieties . and this is via organic crops can help because the products won't have to be negotiated along the value chain of well. and hopefully there will be, wholesalers will embrace the idea of having different types of bananas these by the logistical challenges all so far. the co vintage variety accounts for 9 to one percent of all bananas exported to western countries . most of those are still produced conventionally, but would demand for organic fruit raising in europe. the potential to grow that market share is enormous. though the international banana market is almost completely dominated by covering the bananas, the coven, this is on the thread by fungus. it is genetically identical, banana trees are hit by disease. it would mean the end of the entire species,

which would mid julie affect the wall african markets, but is very right, greece. and it already happened once in 1960. that was when a fungus called the panama disease, almost wiped out the grow michelle, but in a production, after that, it disappeared from the markets. with this in mind, we have a look at why bite a varsity is so incredibly important for the plants and also the humans show the earth produces a rich variety of plants adapted to wide ranging habitats around the globe. there are around $400000.00 species known to science. less than 10 percent are edible corn, rice, and wheat account for more than half the global food supply. ever since humans began adopting a sedentary lifestyle,

play of collected seeds to plant the 1st crops were cultivated over 10000 years ago by farmers in mesopotamia. now modern day iraq and turkey. some 200000 varieties of wheat alone have developed from that early stock. having a wide range of crops and genetic diversity within each variety helps to secure our food supply line. the greater the diversity, the smaller the risk of wheat or some other stable being wiped out worldwide by a single pest or disease. that's why c, banks are so important ice, the oldest is in st. petersburg and dates back to 1894. to day the seed bank and god has labor, germany boasts one of the world's most diverse collections. many of the seeds stored here are found nowhere else. this all, this is the large seed archives have now been established all over the world. ah,

they each collect various seeds and plants from different regions. many are then stored at the global seed vault on the norwegian island of spits berrigan. but out in the fields, the trend is towards less diversity. during the 20th century alone, an estimated 75 percent of crop diversity was lost. according to the u. ends, food and agriculture organization. the reasons are many and varied. the industrialization of agriculture met crops suddenly had to fulfill different requirements. they have to produce a high yield all ripen at the same time, and not suffer damage when being harvested by heavy machinery. our modern globalized trade network means fruit and vegetables now need to stay fresh while being transported over long distances. very few varieties can live up

to those demands. the range of produce in our supermarkets is deceiving, the tomatoes and cucumbers may look different, but genetically they're very similar. this genetic poverty is not without risk. in the 1970s, for example, a virus destroyed one quarter of the rice harvest across the whole of asia. it was only through cross breeding the rice, with a wild variety that the crop became resistant to the virus. thus rescuing the world single most important food stable for thousands of years. farmers have collected their own seeds and swapped them amongst themselves to improve their harvest and develop new varieties when you. but in recent decades, a steadily declining number of seed companies has been selling an increasingly limited range of sorts. 95 per cent of cabbage varieties, for example,

have already disappeared. the companies designed their own crops and secure them with a patent. they supply 2 thirds of the global market. often farmers are unable to collect seeds and are required to buy certain fertilizers and pesticides. but a growing number of people worldwide are seeking to reverse this trend by increasing crop diversity and distributing seeds without patents. a nonprofit organization in austria called ashi, and noah, or noah's ark, collect seeds of old endangered varieties. it propagates the scenes and then passes them on to a supermarket chain which sells both the seeds and their produce. we hear a lot of these days about how reviving old funding practices on growing of greater diversity, of course is crucial to ensuring food security in the future. it is a lesson people in a remote a was,

is community intern easier have taken to the hot after exhausting what seemed like an endless supply water then now finding ways to both conserve and get more from the resources out of a disposal. oh, good news. these late bombs are legendary. they grow outside nafta and waste town and southern tunisia and produce famously good quality fruit. there, pollinated by hand to ensure high yields. for centuries, natural springs provided an abundance of water which helped the palm trees flourish . this oasis is known as the basket because it's shaped like a basket of a basket of fruit equal. it is used to have $152.00 sources of but provided the $700.00 leaders per 2nd call it popsicle. and because walter was plentiful, the plantations were expanded. that is until the springs dried up about 20 years

ago. now ground water has to be pumped up from a depth of 100 meters. patrick holly wadley runs an equal tourism loads in the thought together with engineers, architects and artists. he's trying to keep the oasis alive to do that. his focusing on sustainability m o thick. um and basically we're doing a lot of experimenting. asi on the do proceed. we're looking for a new direction or a new orientation, fortunate asian cuisine, and pathetic, and perhaps we'll start a trend. it said, of course, for a new way of eating in these regions. no ceiling home. the vegetables used in the hotel kitchens come from permaculture gardens and oasis. they grow in mixed cultivation under fruit trees, which in turn are shaded by the huge date poems in this way. the plants protect one another from the heat. ah,

another company in the after is also committed to sustainability. american entrepreneur kevin clee makes a low calorie sweeteners from imperfect dates that would otherwise be discarded. the product is in demand clay now employees 9 people. so here, here at our facility and after we are buying up some of the reject dates that are being sorted and they're being thrown out generally to feed camels or other animals . and we are drawing them out and grinding them into a powder that is very nutritious and can be used as a sugar substitute. and exporting that in an effort to preserve the remote wages for generations to come. entrepreneurs and left are striking a balance between the old and in you, as well as showing that it's possible to run a thriving business even when using resource a sparingly ah, from to media we follow the path of many migratory birds. are the hip north to southern spain each year,

around $5000000000.00 bards fly between africa and europe. that's a lot of air traffic. sandra, the journey is logan dangerous. and once they've landed, they'll see that a lot of cheese india, european refuge for one thing. there's a lot of plastic in the landfills, which are often feeding grounds for the birds. waterproof clothing is the must here . andy green and victor martin, nor biologist. i go there looking for seagulls in a lagoon called winter to pierre dra. it's located between malika and seville in spain, at a local can regarding the order that i asked that i, i've been fond of them in the meantime. 5th. yes. as years by you learn to appreciate these animal law society gives them a bad rap, but their intelligence surprises us again and again. e bad. oh, that her bremen mclinden hand that get on most of the birds over wintering here are

lesser black fact goals. the migratory birds come here and there are thousands during the fall from calder climbed than the north. but there's something wrong. more dead goals than usual. didn't your plastic? oh yeah. yeah. maybe we want to plan was where the rest of their plastic asked the brand of refining bits of plastic all over the place. but of this, for example, is a bottle little of that by yeah, here's a chicken bone from what he says of glass part of a bottle, not ever yet were in a conservation area, but there were many migratory birds. spend the winter and name be or not, but this please allow, were not at risk from high levels of contamination for law underwriting. and very often why it's the goals themselves that are bringing in the garbage. in their stomachs they leave it behind in their excrement and vomit.

latonya such info? no, like back gulls over wintered here before the mid 19 eighties. they were only found on the coast and then they figured out it was much easier to find food in land. at the rubbish dumps that appeared here went through fockenberry, m incognito. the ritual is the same. each morning. flocks of birds arrive at the landfills, goals, storks, and other waterfowl. so the rubbish doesn't stay in the landfill. but biologists victors, as humans, are to blame, not the birds to this day 90 percent of garbage and, and a loose dia isn't separated until it arrives at the open landfills. victor takes the samples from the lagoon to a laboratory and seville. and yet again, his colleague who leon, con, oh, can see particles, a plastic through his microscope. the researchers fear it's a dangerous cycle. and that a lot of no matter what other thing to be that, that other animals that hunt these contaminated waterfall. now if i were end up eating the foreign objects as well, oh,

that's what's on the higher the or up the chain of the more we the actually to let her body su elegant. the other that i sue and humans might be at the top of that chain. it's not just micro plastics that pose a threat. chemicals. antibiotics and pathogens are even more harmful with the tennis, but those multi resistant bacteria are the biggest problem. because giplin and bring the antibiotics and the germs into the wetlands where they transferred to other birds, species and possible tempo dogs, for example, and then transport them to cities. and the loss of pockets will bundles. the goals repeatedly provide them with new clues. thanks to the birds detective, instinct to scientists have made some unsavory. discoveries will come within next moment that we did extra knowledge we know flying or direction different as via or

had to be something attract. they're also going to have a little higher. it doesn't sound and illegal. no, i don't know if that gothic, if at down and elma de la so despite their bad reputation, the goals are inadvertently doing their bid for the environment. no wonder they hold such fascination for these biologists. researchers in come rooms, evil forests are also observing animals to draw conclusions about the habits as one of the would be get spring forest. it's a hot bed of biodiversity and a refuge for a number of endangered species, deforestation, and poach in pose a threat to this unique arbiter. but there is hope. the guerrilla guardian clubs fight in back. this rain forest can only be reached on foot, zante tear and the able forest research project team are on the lookout for rare

primaries. oh, oh look and that's a gorillas nest. we belong to more than usually build them on the ground. glory, after their evening meal, they make themselves a place to sleep. longest, pushy, more offered to say on board. we haven't levin primate species here that including guerrillas, chimpanzees, drills, and prices red calibus monkeys. nicole obeyed to press. the primates are in high demand with poachers who can sell them as bush meat, jaunty tear, also used to make his living that way. but for most of the last 10 years, he's only study their tracks to find out which animals are traveling way in the forest. he lives in liberty on the edge of able forest. one of the 3 villages that are taking part in the project. they do when i am grasped what impact merging hands and anyway like, it's not really a profitable business particularly. okay, yes,

you can earn a bit up, but the income is very irregular. that's why i decided to stop hunting is uncle. you're listening to shaheed usually now he only gets to see the animals in video footage. the researchers have set up 17 trial cameras in the part of the forest re gorillas, la. besides chimpanzees and gorillas, these forest elephants are also threatened with extinction. and the extremely shy drills are particularly at risk the ebel forest research project was set up by the san diego z wildlife alliance which supports primary conservation. it's been collaborating with the villagers for more than 10 years. many of them used to be poachers. now they've learned to collect data on the animals or set up camera tra,

anyone who wants to take part must join a gorilla guardian club. then they get paid for their work for gonna drink and on going have to thin out the clearing a bit. so the camera isn't obstructed, cassandra, i hipaa laconia once a month the team spends a few days venturing deep into the rain forest. they use campuses and t p. s to find their way. marcel kitchen has been part of the team for 9 years. the environmental scientist recalls precisely where each animal trail is found. what's particularly interesting are the movements of the around 25 gorillas that were discovered here in 2002. at to then they were only 2 known gorilla subspecies in cameron. one group living south of the seneca river and another hundreds of kilometers away to the north. for the reason why we call we are collecting the sample is to do some genetic analyses to find out, well,

how related the glass of able to doors farms hard of the cassandra, the coffee regularly less. it's very significant, and it is even these analyses are finally, you know, finally come to a conclusion. we might realize that in come around yourself having tools hops, dishes of glory love, we might be having a 3rd one. eval forest in southwest, and cameron covers an area of almost 1500 square kilometers and borders are nigeria . it is part of a large greenforest region, the 2nd largest world wide after the amazon in brazil to protect the rain forest in the future. the project aims to include the residence of the more than 40 villages surrounding the forest. the 3 villages taking part in the project so far, all have a gorilla guardians club to enable the residents to feed their families without having to resort to poaching. they can joined the local club. here they get helped

to buy life stock or plant vegetables or cocoa. oh, like in liberty, there is a small school in the other 2 villages on the edge of the forest. the teachers receive training from the scientists and protecting the forest, and its animals, has become a fixture of the curriculum. and what kind of animal is that? again, a guerrilla man, he. the idea is to raise awareness about the topic among the youngest visitors. so can were bled aloe. what i like about the course is the gorillas homeless. they are like people l, a. d. and what i learned is that hunting isn't good because animals, i like people are gone. the project has made many of the vin. it is, see the forest with different eyes, like $72.00, some 90 percent of the one time coaches have become farmers. and that's what the children see while they grow up. but the guerrilla guardians clubs don't want

things to stop there. move wrong, go unfair. do we want to know those zone to be created was on which the measures to guarantee the survival of the guerrillas are respected rush because the species is in danger of extinction. finish by this young alma that's why he only takes his children to the edge of the forest. well, look clear, this trail. what animal left that trail. if you'd assume a porcupine, he wants his children to know about animals. but he also wants them to know when to leave the forest to its inhabitants. once again, we've shown that be careful with nature and threaten it with respect is more important than ever. we'll see you next week with the new edition of echo africa until then. i am chris alone. signing off from lagos, nigeria, big increase, and a one good bye for me to hear in counselor. in the meantime,

please do stay in touch with us and all our social media platforms will be waiting to hear from you see soon and a wishing you the best from here. ah, [000:00:00;00] a ah,

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