and to lead their own law. a cultural shift is underway in the region. the fight for equality has to be gone. in 45 minutes on d w. what secrets lie behind these walls? discover new adventures in 360 degrees. and explore fascinating world heritage sites t w world heritage 360 here. now this is dara benitez, africa on the program today. one of the wealthiest terrorist groups on the continent. the us announces a fresh efforts to flash out asha bob from somalia. after years of insurgency, the group controls large parts of the country. we have a report on how it's funding. it's tara,

and africa's oldest president is seen in public for the 1st time in months. fielding speculation about his health for 40 years, poor beer has ruled cameroon with a heavy hand. could he now be losing his grip? plus, you're looking at the richest diamond mine in the world, it's invalids, one. and we have an exclusive report on how the country is making the most of its precious ah hello, i'm christine wonder, it's good to have your company. so malia has finally held a long delayed election. the sleek in which her son shaped mohammed was made president. the country is played with poverty, but one of the most pressing problems is the terrorists group. asha bob. now in a renewed attempt to help the somalis fight the group,

the u. s. has announced that it all deploy american troops to somalia to help the government counter the islamic extremist group. now since 2004, i'll sure bob has been conducting a brutal insurgency in somalia. and although it's been driven out of most towns and cities including the capital one card issue, the group still controls many rural areas and regularly carries out attacks. natasha. barbie said to have anywhere between $5.10 fighters and according to a mortgage issue based research group, the hero institute last year, the group made $180000000.00 us dollars. now i sure bob makes us money from extorting civilians. and as you're about to see in our 1st report, those who refused to pay and up even pay a higher price. a dreamy beach on the coast of somalia, capital mogadishu, a holiday makers, paradise elite hotel is known for its delicious seafood and epic views. but in 2020 the islamist milton group. osh bob attacked it,

killing 11 people and injuring several more. they'll tell had become a target because it had refused to pay extortion money to asha bob william on the, in, in the, in the the elite hotel never paid. i'll sure bob's illegal. extortion money went up and there's no reason that we should pay it. why didn't we hope to maintain this position so that it encourages other business people to them so that the government and people work together to fight against this terrorist group had aol, amiga complex 2 years and hundreds of thousands of dollars of reconstruction costs later. it's finally business as usual for the up market beachfront hotel. and it serves as a warning pay al bob or the same will happen to you. we meet a man whose job it was to share this message for safety reasons. he prefers to remain anonymous. my role anal sure. bob was to be

a tax collector. i have taken tax money from companies, farms, cargo businesses, people who import commodities through the port, pay the highest tax business people, and also high ranking politicians pay depending on their income. a form of business men himself. he was in charge of extorting tax and 2 regions in central somalia. if they didn't agree to pay, they would be arrested and tortured. we will double their fine and also try to recruit them. he says he's also been on the receiving end of these threats and 2014. i'll show bob, come into his town and asked him to pay $5000.00. but then he own several malls and shops when he refused to pay, he was arrested. they tortured me, they said you are with the enemy, they handcuffed me and beat me. sometimes they put my head under muddy water. he eventually agreed to join in order to protect his family. he says,

after 5 years he managed to escape. since then, he's been living and hiding it in constant fear. the penalty for the affecting his death. taxation is the groups biggest source of income security analysts estimate osh bob's annual budget is around $180000000.00. ask taxation because they believe that the, the real over the pair of somalia but on our eyes the, the shadow government in this country, they run and out of me militia, they run other offices, equipment of ministers where he says, almost all businesses in the country pay tax to ship up, meaning they're being double taxed once by government and once by the islamist milton, most of the money extorted is spend unintelligence terror activities and buying

weapons. as above is much more stronger than the government of somalia. not because of they have more weapons, they have more and manpower, but the system have the ability of enforcement. whereas the government of somebody have not. he says the last 5 years were lost by former president mohammed for module who didn't do enough to fight the group. the most important task for the new president hassan say mahmoud will be the fight against the islamist militant, based on that his success will be measured and also get more of an understanding of, i'll show bob, we've invited all my math mode onto the program. he is a senior analyst for somalia for the security thing tank crisis group. oh,

we've just seen that report that i'll show bob has a big and threatening presence in somalia. we'll talk more about that in a moment. but i want to begin by asking you how did she come about in somalia and what is the group's agenda? well, also all her mom was part of the climate course union, which was a group that was ruling over somalia in the mid 2000. and really came into conflict with the area in 150 o. p, invaded the problem and really kind of crew from there and symbolize the resistance to this unpopular invasion. now that was a long time ago, it's undergone significant evolution since then, but their demands of more or less remained consistent. and these are broadly to replace the current governing structures with one that is more inherent to their version of stomach law. and then to also the removal of foreign forces from smalley, soil and how big is the group today in the country?

so it, so it's difficult to say exactly in terms of their membership and putting a number on it. you know, i think conventional estimates range between 5 to 10000 active fighters. but when you look at what the group is, you know, it's much more embedded in somali society, so it's difficult to distinguish, you know, who is part of the group and who is not. and in so i think that speaks to the point that rob is more than just this, the military organization or this terrorist organization that it's often made out to be the us will be sending troops to somalia to help fights the group. what, what is the strategy there, and do you think that it will be effective while the u. s. strategy is one, the mentally, a counter terrorism approach. so one predicated on containment more than anything else. so basically ensuring all sure bob remains within some, all the owners and able to conduct the task outside of some of the borders. now

that can have some tactical success, you can have some short term gains without that can increase pressure on the group . and that can be a useful route, but without accompanying follow up, really that's, that's a short term solution for you. so you need more follow up on the ground. but more specifically, i think you need to look at some of the social and political conditions which have really allowed us about the prior. so within that, you know, on the 1st front there are wide range and grievances in somali society that all about been able to exploit quite well to their advantage. in the bottom line is as long as it's adversaries remain divided, the group will always have a bit of an advantage there. and the 2nd part is i think in the long run, there is a need for wider reconciliation that would probably include the group, or at least members of the group themselves. given that there doesn't appear to be a military defeat of this organization over the past 15 years and no end in sight.

all right, that's all my math we're talking to say from crisis group. we appreciate your insights. thank cameron's president was seen in public the suite for the 1st time in months. poor beer usually spends a lot of time out of the country. but in recent times, there's been much speculation about his health and mental fitness. now be a showed up at the annual national day celebrations in the capital one day. but this year he didn't give a state of the nation address, which he usually does the day before. b, a has been president of cameron for almost 40 years, and at 89, he is the oldest president and the 2nd longest serving head of state in africa. and with me in studio now is our report from cameron. blaze young blaze. it's good to have you at the table. we'll talk a little bit about your reporting. that's brought you here in a moment. but let's begin by what we've just seen. what do you make or what are we

to make of the president beer? not giving his usual speech in the run up to national day celebrations. kristen, you, most of the standard beer has always portrayed him. servers is tough guy who dos exactly what he wants all what he wants. secondly, be a lot of speculations in and out of cameroon. about the state of the household. he's almost 9 years old. in fact, he's the oldest leader in the african continent. so that doesn't look so good before this national dissolution the ellison switzerland. okay. blaze. let's talk about the reporting that you've been doing in cameron. that's also brought you to germany. tell us about that. rights groups have reported abused by cisco to forces and by the government of preston. paul, via i have been in rallies, have been events. the cameroon, where people's rights, you would see that people's rights are being violated. so spoken to covenant in cameroon. but i also wanted to understand what has been so many communions to go

know. so that is why i came to germany. and here's my report. ah, it was how well i was rather to be cameron's precedent. now she mix put as videos for social media. she and i support as take big res, speaking out against a guffman of poor beer. it is our lives. it is our life, it's our so. so by law, we don't say because there was an in he said he is in the $1.00 to $1.00 to be we will do today. if this one is we will do to model and, and next it until we have our one them into freedoms and rights. as convenience, she's fighting for freedom of expression come for democracy for the right to gather and to protest. at the moment she keep the fight limited to social media and this compa. she know she'll be in trouble, is she tickle, fight outside. this man to his put us all the way to karen's pelham. and i

wanted to give you a quote here in this house that i brought from the american liberals. when in just is, becomes law, resistance becomes it duties. the people on west tomorrow have a duty to resist. robledo, just a webber was on a push on mp, but thus be she made went vera. he says they are tied to stretching him so much. he left tamara. this week he is beaten, other exile in germany. this is the 1st time he did appear in public. he feel safe law. he has a sale of in the u. k. re pool, somewhat in my hulu. i live all his life is homeland because i believed it at so many opportunities in my life to me when i said i wouldn't, i would never under if it wasn't for the father needed to get some good the way

to save my life. i would never leave for people who cannot live cameroon. stain of protesting can be fatal. roger dugan was jo for taking part in an anti government, put us. he caught cholera in prison and he died to to a hospital bed uni moves your parking sugar venue. might pop up but could never imagine that discovery were bought on a sick person. chained up in hospital on the contrary. officious welfare basil, public wanting a flu not brought for medical treatment under this. it is tragic. monitoring nowadays, being part of the position is a strict part to denny, your hasty nar, laportia. so white and barbara. c oh, come along, keep so position at home. that might be a best chance to stay in cameroon. well, i to steer life. okay,

place so while it's very difficult situation for people in the opposition and cameron, i'm, you've talked about the speculation around his health. president b is gonna be attending 90 at the, at the end of the year. i mean, is there a conversation happening in the in camera really about what happened is when he goes, whenever that will be one of the characters that we had in our, in our report to report that we've just seen the woman koala, i was part of a meeting with sugar nice with all the political leaders and dia agreed in this meeting that no one can take dea, away through the violet books. so basically your position is preparing for a poor spear, but the problem is the army has been given so much power come ruin for close to 40 years. that has been in power. his brother, i mean very close to him, made them very comfortable. and there are fears that the army would likely with we

cannot say this was certain, but because of how much power control and it was a duty sometimes without consequences. this may be the rule that the country been go after. b a is no longer precedent. also, there are conflicts in the not in the south west and all the parts of cameron and people, different people show an interest in becoming pressed in, in a country where one person has been 1st prestige for so long. there certainly are the people who via for that position. so experts that i have, i have been speaking to say, camera, me reached a point where you have all these people fighting to get someone at the head of the country. and we, before we round up, we have conscious like russia. you know, that has a grit, inserting cameron cameras just signed a ballistic operate on russia. russia has been seen in other places where to try to impose a candidate in a country so that he can have control. well,

that's certainly a bleak outlook in that case. then we'll place, thanks so much good to have in studio and or pre ship it. ah, honest story is in the tiny southern african country off. what's one of it is the 2nd largest producer of diamonds in the world? russia is the 1st last year, but one is sold diamonds to the value of $3500000000.00. that's nearly half of the countries g d p. now, as you're about to see, the diamonds aren't just bringing in cash. they're also creating jobs for 2 years killable, he led cloquet lang struggled to fight the job after finishing school. when she was offered a trainee position at this diamond processing factory after theory classes and working on carbon models, she is now practicing to polish a real dime and do any fancy things. so if the tammy,

i police a mixer, a do ladies or that, and once they meeting the dame sing and nigger, they are very expensive. and i know tragedy a problem. cookie lang, as one of 100 trainees learning to pat and polish diamonds at this factory, which is owned by an engine company that invested in botswana. for years, the country has been pushing to not only export rough diamonds, but also to attract companies that processed them here to adding value and creating jobs. now, more than 30 companies cut and polish diamonds locally. so the name, but for now the government is quite our pro diamond industry. now it is the main industry for most wanna ease of doing business in botswana for diamond printing and polishing is, is, is quite a weitel thing. why people are easily able to come here instead of the businesses lent, looked bored swan,

i was once one of the poorest countries in the world until it discovered vast diamond deposits in less than 20 years. it had turned itself into a success story, as well as a middle income country, a small population just below 2500000 people. good governance and economy management have all contributed greatly, but the success wouldn't have been possible without this mine and running the richest diamond mine in the world, employing more than 6000 people. the government struck a unique deal with the world's biggest diamond corporation dubious. each site owns 50 percent of the mine. it's a profitable partnership, as running has produced about 80 tons of diamonds and for decades. this is delicious day one, sir. my and by a value in the world, and basically the we are the big bono for was honestly put him in pending demand, they could still increase their output. since russia, the world's biggest diamond producer by output is facing sanctions. the 2nd biggest

producer board swanner is eyeing a bigger market share. russia currently can't export diamonds to major markets like the u. s. and diamond prices have spiked by 20 percent since the beginning of the war mining companies and the government here are only cautiously talking about possibly filling this gap. but economist good of boy doesn't believe they should. they should take advantage of the cases in europe. the one ukraine is very, it's very painful. i watch news every day. i don't like what is happening there. ah, but you know, in, on economic point of view, they come to put, some should have started to promote liberals on a dumb ones. foot veteran or these are the best, the dumb ones. those are now blotted out ones, the writing down ones another down one. back at the diamond processing factory, julie will really look. billing is hoping to get a job as a publisher when she finishes her training. and chances are goods, the company is expanding and constantly hiring new people in a few weeks. they also want to start producing jewelry right here in woods,

one that report from t t, at least adrian crane. she also sat down for an exclusive interview with with when his president mccarthy massey. they discussed how the country plans to get more out of its diamond industry. but as rush is actually the world's largest time in producer, adrienne began by asking the president, if what swanner will benefits now, that russia is facing sanctions across much of the globe. you know, initially speaking purely from a commercial point of view, you may have thought that there would be benefits to diamonds. but if you know from the fact that the russian diamonds take about 30 percent of the market in the, with that 30 percent cannot be immediately replaced by anybody. that's a risk. we are in that, in our business for the long haul. your economy is very much diamond dependent. you

have been trying over the past year to get small parts of the value chain to happen within the country where you standing up and it's still a long way to go. are you happy with the current engine is rocking along. we are charging, we are determined, we won the valley chains to be developed in country. we want to do this through our own production systems. we want to do this through, on our own with our own company. now go and go down one company. you might know of it. we're going to ramp up its participation in the diamond space. and we're in very deep discussions with the producers and manufacturers. and we would get more value out about islands. you're currently negotiating a new long term agreement with the b s. the biggest diamond company, and the major partner off of the government of what's, why not, what are you hoping this new negotiations will achieve? well, if you look at it this year with the beers, but in the be israel to negotiate with us l 15 percent of the b as out. right?

so we have an inherent interest in sustain his relationship. so when he goes in for the good of both of us, so we do not lose sight of the necessity to lock this down, seal is enclose it. so, you know, we'll get it done and we'll get an outcome that is mutually beneficial and good for produces or sorry, manufacturers, jewelers consumers and investors in the balance sheet and pipeline. but you are reported to not be really happy about the amount of diamonds and al, still leaving the country and the reform with that there. not enough diamonds that are being processed currently in the country. yes. so obviously that's what we had to turn to ramp up, but it's improved a lot because the number of factories has increased is not 8 minus 30 plus that was on. and that means these are being processed at some point august. the ent and interest is in processing, as many as possible to the highest level,

and then solomon. and if you look at what's, what it is one, if not the positive example for development on the continents, what is it that countries, other countries on the continent can learn from goods one? and could you possibly even be a role model for the countries on the continent? yes, and what's on, i mean, the longest continues democracy in africa. it stands through good logic that we ought to be a model. and that is the number one priority. one's that system of governance and is established and deeply rooted. the rest follows because investment and development follows the ability and predictability of governance trust come that. so your multi lateral partners come in, your banks, come in, your investors come in and your people putting peter that governance is the major secret of fighting. corruption is extremely important. and our purposeful being in

government is to do it for the people that is it. because when you get the public goods enhancement in the investment of let everything else grows, one as president must see, see then that's we will need for today's program. be sure to check out our the stories on d, w dot com, forward slash africa. we're also on facebook and on the swiss that today will maybe with some fabulous outfits showcase network in a fossil fashion week design as they are on a mission to remind the world that there is more to the country than conflict. and for the 1st time, at one time, especially, the majority of the designers are actually notable. we'll see you next time to fife with

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with ah, this is dw news live from berlin. change at the top down under the labor party, wins office in australian elections. incoming prime minister anthony albanese promises to unite the nation after ousting the longstanding conservative government .