and of course, the picturesque flower island of my now i trip in 30 minutes on d. w. these places in europe or smashing all the records slip into a bold adventure. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of you will record breaking sites on your back to and now also in book form, we need to talk about climate change. does that make you want to switch off? why and how can we change it? how exactly is global warming affecting agriculture around the world? the results of one study are alarming. but 1st we ask, how can cattle farming be made more environmentally friendly?

because cows do produce an awful lot of greenhouse gases, oldest and more coming up. welcome to a new edition of tomorrow today. ah, so we've all heard of the greenhouse effect, right. the ex atmosphere is composed of gases in the day. the sun's shortwave rays shine through it. upon reflection on the ground, the shortwave becomes long wave radiation, which cannot permeate the atmosphere that easily. some of it gets trapped, hazing up the atmosphere. if this didn't happen, our plan, it would be too cold to be habitable. but human activities release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which increase the natural greenhouse effect. and the earth is warming up. no one important greenhouse gas is methane,

which livestock agriculture gets most of the blame. is there a way to reduce counts methane emissions? ah, an idyllic countryside seen but something invisible is destroying the environment. cattle emit between 40700 leaders of methane every day. a greenhouse gas $25.00 times more damaging than c o 2. germany's $11000000.00 cattle generate a 1000000 tons of methane each year. does battling the climate crisis call for putting an end to cattle farming? the crew cows are incredible assets because they provide high quality products that humans eat like milk and mean fat by consuming grass that humans cannot digest into flesh. can breeding cattle be more climate friendly both in the field and inside, massive cow sheds. one in the time there is no way to avoid methane because the

animals are ruminant. they emit methane articles. but there's an element that could change if their feet is tweaked, emissions could be reduced to without decreasing the milk yield. the amount of methane is relative to the amount of milk produced grass has less energy than concentrated fata. so cows that craze in the paddock produce less milk than those housed indoors. but they still produce greenhouse gases. the question is, how much cost and malice and his team set up an experiment to find out? they crypt test cows with guess measuring devices. tubes have to be put into the cows nostrils. this creates a vacuum and what the cows exhale is extracted. scientists use this to accurate,

recorded methane emissions. ah, the test cows at keel university's organic research firm, a jersey carol. there where the hardy and produce a lot of milk because they have a high feed conversion ratio. but not all grass is equal. young grass is especially nutritious in the cows digestive systems. special microbes ferment the feed, releasing nutrients, but producing c o 2 and methane at the same time with young, tender grass. the fermentation process is shorter and less methane is produced. with mature fibrous grass, the breakdown of the stronger cell walls takes longer and is more complex. it produces more greenhouse gases. that's why these cows at keel university's organic farm, only grays on young grass. every day workers check the grass growth in the fields at a certain height, it's then mowed down and used as

a feed supplement for the winter. this means that the cows only ever eat the most tender shoots they haven't got. i know that we've got the birds for the clover containing condense, italians inherited and then we have the small meadow button which contains hydro visible, jalen, as it simply both contained tan. i letter at a challenge are best known from wine bluff. it gives us that for a texture on the top and 14, and they're good for ruminants because they reduce methane entangled income cast in malicious cows belched and exhaled about half the methane of an average german cow about 9 grams of methane per liter of milk. compared to 17 grams per liter. so farming cows with this method will reduce the carbon footprint in comparison to farming cows. in normal sheds. nadine snip cover is developing a shed management says for the conventional agricultural sector that would be very

climate friendly. to feed for high output cows consists of concentrate and mineral feed, with corn and graph silage. the mixture is made according to a precise ratio. each day they get 40 kilos of grass and cohen silage and about 10 kilos of concentrated feed, such as rape seat and soya being meal concentrated feed enables a high milk yield and like young grass is easy to digest optimally adjusted methane emissions, can also be significantly reduced here, on average by 3 and a half grams per liter of milk. however, that still more methane than grass fed cows produce. in addition, large amounts of other greenhouse gases are produced during transport, and especially during the cultivation of the concentrated feed. so why keep cattle indoors at all?

as much abida they still both methods are needed in germany. there's both pastor and stable husbandry. we want to make both methods as efficient as possible to maximize output. so the focus is on increasing efficiency and environmental compatibility tight. but still, there's one big unresolved problem. too many animals to rich climate targets. the current number of dairy cows would have to be half what it is now. but getting rid of dairy farming completely is off the table, which nadine snick of i is happy about. mine of was i had done that my grandparents had beef cattle on their field and nothing. and then when i studied, i did training and became even more fond of these very calm, peaceful animals. then the one cast and mother, she has also come to be a big fan of cows via the crew of god. just to watch cows as they go about grazing in the field is very beautiful. has them up, they always look like they belong to the landscape. maybe they're incredibly

peaceful if she's like a giant pet. now she's rubbing herself with who puts it in some countries consume more grains and cereals than meat and dairy. just 3 crumbs, the counter, 50 percent of the world's diet of corn, wheat, and rice. but this over dependence is becoming dangerous. supply is threatened, not only by the war in ukraine muddle show that climate change is globally impacting harvests. more than previously believed, he got the whole thing. rolling climate scientist yona as jaeger meyer, who now conducts research at columbia university and for nasa, he's ever been rushed. i myself am surprised, our colleagues are surprised and the community is surprised. we didn't expect

results of this magnitude in those are stagger, irrational from other scientists are also aligned, distinguish owned us via i think in the near future. we'll have to work out how to get an enough food on to our plate. ethan often tell me whether extremes are on the rise, droughts and rising temperatures are causing more and more problems for plants. in the case of corn, the decline in harvests could be felt significantly in the next 10 to 20 years. by the end of this century, harvests in some regions could even declined by almost a quarter to guide c. m. for wheat, it's different, right? wheat has regions where climate change reduces yields. but at higher latitudes, it can in fact i'll bring game. i didn't even ask of in her and her gotten more c o 2 does make we grow faster, but it can also reduce its nutrient content crops react earlier in more strongly to

climate change than previously thought. as shown by state of the art computer simulations, hugo myers team worked for 2 years on the study for nasa and the potsdam institute for climate impact research. this is where 36 year old junior professor zant bush merkel comes in. yet shifting, when we're looking at how plants respond to climate change, the goal is to keep young stable, that we are a tag as a bill and there are still too few plans that can cope well with extreme weather conditions for too long. the breeding focus has been solely on maximum yields visit the inch, heightened as we see how crucial it is to the plants not only produce high yields that are they still produced yields, under conditions of drought and heat stress. sun, not at craig being intended to ensure this, the researcher brings and grain varieties from around the world, while barley from the middle east copes well with drought. so shackle crosses it

with german high yield barley. the same is done with corn and wheat in the facility and hole. now, the scientist takes an unusual approach. for example, she wants to convince germans to grow more exotic crops in fitting kima under give up to be prepared for climate change. we're also trying to establish new species. this is keen, one, which normally growth in the andes, and it kinda is called a pseudo grain botanic lee. it's classified elsewhere, but it's used like grain and it's similar to rice, large scale farmer gant of wrung from crushed dog doesn't know anything about killa . he and his family have been running their family farm for almost 30 years. but drought in rising temperatures have repeatedly damaged harvests. frank has long been committed to finding the consequences of climate change. long glanced at lucy white as the biggest farmer in the village plant trees in his field. that's not

normal, but it is normal that we're going to experience many things that we don't consider normal. now a model will have to reassess things, is assembling music. frank has been doing agro forestry for 8 years. he planted trees on his corn fields, sometimes at the edge. sometimes in the middle, the trees need to be trimmed so that they don't create too much. she eventually he harvests some of them. he also uses compost almost exclusively and has greatly reduced his use of industrial fertilizer as if he had a yo f f liquor. we had corn here in the field with the sunburn as well, and that was very unusual for the leaves. make that export said it was the o zone effect and the extreme sunlight swimming. i know it didn't happen where the shade of the trees fell. remove all finished. the corn under the trees produce higher yields. the principle behind agro forestry isn't new. with the protection of

trees cropped, survive, drought better, because there microclimate improves and less water evaporates. the trees, foliage, and dead roots also create more humours. the soil becomes more fertile and can hold more water. but agro forestry is very rare here for a long time. it wasn't subsidized. back to whoa and hein? after 3 years of research san crush, mikka now knows which kin will varieties are suitable for cultivation. thank assumed a schema. i think he one has a good chance because it's so well suited to the climatic conditions of his strategy with around the stresses and called stress on k distress. it's more difficult with other varieties. the researcher needs to speed up the breeding process, which takes about 15 years. so she and her team are looking at the plants. dna in the lab. corn leaves are shredded and dried. corn is more sensitive to water

shortages. researchers look for the drought stress tolerance gene and continue breathing with those plants. mckinney technique, rudy, weedy, definitely be faster with genetic engineering than with classical breeding which i, it would probably have to be both. we'd have to be able to combine some tools, reconvene, you and conan researchers also stressed the importance of watch. michael and farmers like scratch are doing. they shouldn't have included it in the current study. is a support for you on and process my. the range of adaption measures is very important, and that's the core research that's going on here. i am anxious stuck in the blue. it'll come down to how well and how quickly farmers and scientists can change the system. because the new study has shown that stable harvests can no longer be taken for granted. defects of climate change on agriculture can already be

observed across the world. we asked view is, what's your experience? how is climate change affecting farming, where you live? no herrera says that in cuba, drought and hurricanes are becoming increasingly frequent. lucky that you have this to say in argentina, drought in summer has become so bad. that plan started droop early in the morning and, and dry periods. there are problems with pests. ah, louis canino, from period points out that there's agriculture these days and places that used to be to come, but for farming. andrarios are google rights, that an indonesia, people who live in villages and used to practice traditional agriculture. ne, when the rains would come and formed accordingly. now you can't predict the weather . like at the moment the dry season should have begun, but it's still raining. thanks for your comments.

climate change isn't just the station for farm has. it affects all of us. and yes, when virginia jeff bezos went on a 10 minute, june, tend to space and july 2021 u. s. news networks dedicated to 112 minutes to covering it on that day. and low delivery climate change coverage, however amounted to 267 minutes. but that's over the entire year. the trouble is when it does get with posted view as tend to think it's well, a bit of a donna had about the kind of situation, bit of anger, rid of her strength and not many good feeling the young. and if you feel that way, you're probably not going to do much about it. even though by now we all know what needs to be done. so what exactly is the problem?

one of the few studies on media coverage about climate change found that between 19972009 climate change coverage in 27 countries made up just point 6 percent of total reporting. it's an existential threat. and yet we're only just starting to talk about it to find out why we have to go back in time to the era of bleached hair, low rise jeans and questionable music videos. the early 2000. this was when climate change really hit the stage and being an environmental scientist back then was no easy job. no one has ever actually had to sit out and say, we were lying on a substance that is sort of county this wide scale destruction. and it's like this massive task to get rid of it. and this massive consequence, if we dar kitchen just consults with climate and g o,

z and activists to help them get the message across climate scientists were and law charged with telling the world some really bad news. and it's also complicated to explain what we tend to know about climate change is in the former table, or complex figures or another difficult, or the only thing that you relate to. susie wang has a background in environmental psychology and works on how we can communicate climate change better. if we're speaking about timelines that arises very far distant past her teacher. take the latest report by the i p. c. c, the intergovernmental panel on climate change. it's the most detailed look at the state of the earth. but the summary is 40 pages long and starts like this. lots of big words, certainly not light reading. so most people don't have access or time to research

the science on their own. here's where the science communicators come in, for example, and jose or journalists. but it's literally her job to know this stuff. and to be on top of all the terminology, there are so many journalists back here by home, who want to do this, but they don't even have the knowledge. there is better have capacity to cover this topic, right? shola? well from lagos, nigeria reports on climate change. they don't have to journalists, we're going to cover this in a way that is an accurate nobody that is symbols where people to understand and in a way that is sustainable. even when there are enough journalists, climate reporting is still tough. a recent oxford study found these common barriers . climate change happens slowly,

but the news cycle is fast. the topic depresses audiences covering it requires money for travel and specialized reporters. as pressure from media bosses and advertises to cover other topics, all this means the topic is under reported and that little reporting also used to be full of misinformation. according to a landmark paper published in 2004. it was due to the pursuit of balanced reporting . print media often gave equal credence or space to relevant experts or scientists, as well as climate deniers or skeptics that were representing outlier views. lucy mcallister, studies the communication of environmental issues and is lead author on a recent paper on the accuracy of climate science reporting. so this was seen on early 2000 and hugely misleading to the general public. 99 percent of scientists

agree on climate change. so it's inaccurate to give all viewpoints equal weight. the research shows that climate change information is now mostly accurate. so is the issue resolved? the climate debate has shifted or transformed in different ways and more subtle discourses and academic literature. it's not as discourses of delay groups who 10 years ago with real. what they say now is that the energy transition is too expensive. and these discourses, i repeated everywhere from politicians to companies. others include individualism, you are responsible, that is your carbon footprint. technological optimism, future technologies will save us fossil fuel solution ism fossil fuels are part of the energy transition and the most common all talk little action you have will

be the world's 1st climate neutral continent by 2050, be carbon neutral for the decade. political leaders and corporations make these promises, but don't follow through on them. and as a journalist, it's hard to find a middle ground here. solutions can be expensive, some countries continue to need fossil fuels. individual choices do make a difference. if we don't mention these aspects, we're in danger of being labeled climate activists and ignored. and what about the view as readers and listeners the situation we're in is so huge. it's just too complex for our brains to fathom. we can't see it, we can't smell it, it to it it's. it's not an easy visible enemy. and the most publicized climate victims are super hard to grasp. we're talking about how

our glaciers have melt in. that's not something that someone in the boss is really going to care about. we naturally value what's near us more than something far away . this phenomenon is called discounting. so support for climate action decreases due to it's happening around us, like a cold winter, or low gas prices. and talking about all this in the 1st place. probably not going to make you feel great when you perceive that something is threatening to push it around seating as a way to resolve this off. and that's not the only way your brain avoids these issues. let's say you know, meet is bad for the environment but you eat it anyway. these conflicting beliefs that lead to cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort from internal conflict. 5 you either change your behavior or just rationalize your choice. and that's where we come back to the huge complex

nature of the problem. it seems like on our own, we can't make a difference. i think i could do more. of course we all should do more. can we do enough actually, right now i realize that i haven't thought about that before, but i know that as a math, sometimes hard to be aware of all the things to do and uh, sometimes i think it can be a little bit overwhelming because you're kind of powerless. so what should change? let's start with the science climate science needs to be more accessible and also easy to comprehend. more scientific publications need to be open, access and complicated topics need to be more reliable. carrying about climate change means recognizing that climate change effects of other things that you care about. you're more likely to be interested in a study about health, housing, or food than insects dying out. luckily or not, climate change impacts all of these areas. and more same goes for climate reporting,

it would help if it were more integrated with other topics and connected with our everyday experiences. even talk to people in league and say, oh, have you feel that the the sun just seems hotter of this past? taken immediately connect with that and then you can start to expand their scope of knowledge and. ready that is why it's happening. this place is the science in context. another example is the human lifespan over a graph of the earth's warming. context also helps people understand the complexity of the issues. which in turn pipes the way for a focus on the solutions rather than the problems. this shift reduces our impulse to push the topics away and makes people feel more engaged. focusing on collective power over individual responsibility can also help. but perhaps most importantly,

we need to talk more about the topic. that's it for this edition of tomorrow today, d w signs show you again next week until then stay curious about the world around he combined with ah ah ah ah ah

ah ah ah, with cast off with luca stay set out for an adventure on the water with a sail boat across lake constance. he docks at the city of constance while he's there . and of course,

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