and a south, a mother is going to spend the rest of her life behind bars for murdering per 3 dog . i with i see the site that was part of psychosis is an awful illness to have the postpartum is a nasty bitch mothers nightmare starts june. 4th on d, w. mm. ah, there's a new gold rush in the andes mountains. mining companies are trying to tap into huge reserves of lithium, known as white gold bank vision that the incoming argentina wants to attract $5000000000.00 and investment. not only for lithium mining noise,

but also for electron mobility programs. i said, i'm really elected germany is moving ahead with his technology as well. and we'll need a lot of lithium to power those electric cars have 1000 people years. but the pursuit of white gold can also have serious political consequences. you know, pretty much going on, lithium, brought down bolivian government to lead. you've only done but can the lithium be extracted without damaging the local environment? some experts are skeptical and question the need for large scale mining projects. when f a media does a family in europe really need to e car is in a 3 computer, a scope without us. how will the mining of lithium affect the local residence and what impact will on the region sensitive ecosystem?

but with the webinar, it's not about a share of the profits keys. look, it's about our future and the future of our children. in this i use in this is the large salon day. we're uni, solid, flat, near the crest of the andes. in southwestern bolivia beneath it's crossed my the world single largest deposit of lithium konica know for us is the mayor of the nearby community of rio grande. why le supports lithium mining? because he believes that it will generate profits for everyone. mrs. thomas, case,

all of the communities near the salt plaza and all of bolivia will benefit from the extraction of lithium here. the liberal examiner should been if you ship about 2000 people live in rio grande. the local economy is doing well thanks to income from the extraction of sodium, borat, or borax. while us hopes that if lithium mining operations expand as planned, there will be even more money for the local residence. there are huge deposits under the crust of the soul plus a pilot plan for extracting the white gold has already been built for libby as government wants to benefit from the increased demand for lithium. as more and more western countries develop electric vehicles. bolivian officials want to do more than simply export lithium. they also plan to

develop processing plants and battery production facilities which will create lots of new jobs. by the philadelphia, centuries ago, bolivian silver was simply sent to europe. now we want to use this natural resource to improve our lives as the visa in 2018 able morales olivia's president at the time agreed to a joint venture with a german company, a c. i systems all the manya a, c i a s promise to help a bolivian state company extract the lithium. it would also build a processing plant and a factory for making lithium batteries. it seems to be a win win situation for both sides. a c, i a s predicted a bright future development towers and director, and we will create a 1000 jobs directly and 10000 indirect jobs. so that's before including those of the battery production for so, so in,

but even the german auto industry will need huge supplies of lithium as it makes the transition to battery powered vehicles. so will car makers in other western countries and that's good news for bolivia, argentina, and she lake, which have huge reserves of white gold. it may or while us support the agreement in principle, but only if it benefits the local residence to this is it's almost getting us broken, norma, the russia. well, the people are entitled to a share of the profits embassy in, because lithium extraction will have a huge impact on the people up. rio grande gifts look, go many others. you run the allusion to the clinton, why it was for fewer. but there is more at stake here than just financial compensation. local leaders also demand that they have a say in the development of these projects. but because it was, as it seemed,

our logistics cooperative can help in the extraction of lithium. what, what brochures there. and we have the equipment that will be needed for this project. transport, including trucks, 40 bentham equity, got us e, i'll give them a key, not. but in 2019, president morales put the joint venture on hold. in the wake of public protests in rio grande doesn't several trucks were purchased in anticipation of coming industrialization loss. almost as garcia, we used these trucks to dig the basins where ra lithium will be stored. or better for me, but right now they're just standing around my production book, decrement that there's hardly any opposition here to the joint venture. most local residents think the germans are the right partners for the project, including local politician tay adora ali. the opposition comes from other parts of

bolivia where a lot of people think it's a bad idea look connected to the should. well, as a reminder, the germans can still save the project as well. but a lot of people were upset about the terms of the agreement mcmahon, i'm reminded of it, is that i think the germans should take part in them in the deltona, but in other places, some citizens committees are a postal. and they've got people riled up this berthalica and in 2019 there were widespread demonstrations against the proposed joint venture. oh. and in october, people took to the streets to protest alleged fraud in the recent general election . during this chaos, morales canceled the agreement with germany. now

since then, lithium mining in bolivia has been suspended. even those who live near the salt flats now have their doubts about the joint venture agreement. one of them is luis ma chaka, a member of a citizens committee, as well as it broke down at the germans, wanting to extract our lithium with a 70 year contract. and now i'm not sure they want it to be a good partner. what didn't have the financial resources and, or the technology ample, got they hello. here in bolivia, lithium mining has become a serious political issue. it's still not clear whether a foreign company will be brought in to get the extraction project moving again. in any case, lithium lining consumes huge amounts of water layer. while us is worried that the local wells may dry up this a ball skeleton that we need to find alternative ways to provide water for lithium

production. so if they just tap into our reservoir home, it will ruin our children's future home from it than that for a little bit. mistress. the mayor says that environmental concerns like this are important as bolivia decides which foreign company will take part in the project. that will uni salt flats, holds the world's largest reserve of lithium, which will be used in the batteries of the new generation of electric vehicles. large deposits of lithium are also found in the neighboring countries of g lake and argentina. this is the so called lithium triangle, which is home to nearly 60 percent of the world's supply of white gold. much of the world's lithium is found in brine reservoirs that lie just below the

surface of the desert areas of the andes region. these include chiles at the comma desert. this area is considered the world's driest with an average annual rainfall of just 15 millimeters. the salt flats are all that's left of sailing lakes that developed millions of years ago. surface water is scarce here, and it is vital for the survival of wildlife like these flamingoes. oh wow. that she lay in company s q m, has been mining lithium for 25 years at a facility on the auto commerce old flat s q m is the world's number 2, producer of lithium workers pump brine to the surface from a depth of 40 meters. the bry been placed in basins where the liquid evaporates

over several months, leaving behind lithium slag. this process uses a lot of water pipelines run across the desert floor to supply the mining facility . with the water comes from wells that tap into the ground water. but a local resident christian to rocco is opposed to mining operations here because they're depleting the reservoirs on it. then when the letter done, they seem to sick of this mining operation has been set up on land that belongs to the indigenous peoples liptak, if not to widia, she got their own damage. ok, and the company is using up our underground water supply a whole 15. second though are low enough to rocco says that some rivers in this region are running low, others have dried up altogether. he blames this situation on climate change

and on water intensive mining operations to will go and lives in the village of took a now located on the edge of the salt flat. about 700 people live here. christiane works as a surveyor and also farms. a small plot of land like his father and grandfather did christians, father says that large scale, lithium mining is mostly responsible for the drop in the local water supply of him was that i can't as if we were good at law. we're a lot of people have moved away because there's not enough water that will double should i? well, what are you when i go? if you don't have water, you can't grow crock lisa. so a lot of people will laugh at levels. ah, this situation has been confirmed by christina dora door, a biologist who has studied the environmental impact of mining operations at best

edmund, there are so many mahunis of dallas alone that will satellite images taken over the last 20 years, indicate that the soil has lost moisture ankle in the ground, temperature is rising and there's been a decrease in the amount of vegetation. these changes are the direct result of the expansion of lithium mining, annex young the, some white, i believe, you know, this is a serious threat to the areas fragile ecosystem. it affects the micro organisms in the lagoons and the flamingos that consume them. i can't talk over in the low sanity. this is an example of what we call a local climate change. and they see well as it as more water and brian is pumped out of the ground, the water level in the lagoons drops. yes, i wait a minute. this raises the water temperature, which leads to evaporation. yes. las vegas up on the bottom line is that it accelerates the loss of water from the salt relax video. i believe we weren't

allowed to film at the eskew in mind because of coven restrictions, but company vice president pablo alta. myra's says that the company has reduced water consumption in recent years and will continue to do so. not often in one mattress, duma. we monitor water extraction at more than 250 locations, several 1000000 booked in year. we also monitor the water level of the la garza and we make all of the state of public. yes, a foot missouri. it was a bully. but christiane told uncle has doubts about the company's operations. if it were me able over you there with the others in the ending so far, and when i ask you m has not bothered to take the concerns of the local residents and seriously the 5th. and we are upset about that. that won't be a geeky, they take the lithium out of the ground and then sell it. and europe as a clean product between the w and openness hit the but as far as i'm concerned in

it, that's a lie. less your in the there when m e or is a mate. theda the boom in lithium production will likely create even more water shortages. and that's a serious cause for concern left. but i know callahan, people who live near the salt lake, have filed several lawsuits against the mining companies, claiming that they use more water than was allowed to take them. and she leaves the only country in the world where the water supply is owned by private companies. if things continue like this, the salt lake will dry up in 10 to 20 years, gusio or the on even in the select little c s q m says it does use environmentally friendly technology. so they, they will kick it. i said, i have word bruce, either legal to say i am, our company needs to expound, to produce more lithium mother. yeah. they bought that production has to be sustainable with the concept of electron mobility is based on sustainability,

boulevard noble of it. so we are committed to using production methods that are sustainable. vanessa, when he said that i could have somebody soon, ah, a few kilometers away across the border. in argentina, an increase in lithium mining could also create water shortages. ah, for years the local indigenous people have made their living by mining song most of those who make their living from tourism and mining salt, believe that lithium production poses a real threat. dia felt like if i don't want them to start blocked an elite you. it'll scare away all of the tours in northern it

to the one of the leaders of the local anti lithium protest is clemente flores, like many people in chile, he's concerned that the water supply may be running low. lemme, and most of the day for me, me and the key is how much water the companies will use me. they say one thing on their website, but that's usually less than the amount that they actually you bought out in this lithium plant is owned by an australian japanese company. nearly 40 similar projects are in the planning stages. argentine as governments, as it will expand lithium production in the coming years, there will probably not be any controls. just like in chile lucas, he's the man that there's industry. we filed complaints and held demonstrations to try to slow the expansion. plus any of that,

i mean that the government has already issued permits for several projects, but no one is giving us any specific style because i thought going into national agreement state that we have to be consulted in advance in mesa was for years the indigenous people of who, who we province have been trying to stop the government from issuing lithium production licenses to for incorporation. but the authorities are planning projects with companies from japan, china and canada. supporters say environmental damage will be kept to a minimum of the nameless, a incandescent. to us. numerous scientific studies have shown that lithium mining does not threaten the water supplies of small farmers, and the salt lake has its own water system. in the when we pump brian there, it does not affect the fresh water reservoirs of the farming communities eloquently about us. one idea argentina's government hopes that lithium production will help

boost the country's ailing economy. battery production facilities are already on the drawing board. and argentina plans to build more electric vehicles for the domestic market basic plan market, we're convinced that expanding lithium production will help us to successfully deal with the challenges of the future. why in china and europe? 20 percent of all vehicles are electric. meanwhile, argentina is way behind and on an exit the the m. w is already a player in argentina's lithium market. the company predicts that 50 percent of all the cars it builds in 2030 will be electric. so they'll need a lot of lithium and have invested millions in argentina. b, m w says it will make sure that the lithium is mind responsibly by design for

farmed out and kind of reasons. middle organ facing. the process that we use does not introduce any solvents or chemicals into the environment. what owns that and in most of the brian that we extract is returned to its sourcing, i'd say not to the also fossil, this reduces water consumption substantially compared to other muslims item items up since april production is planned to start in 2022. but local residents, and many scientists doubt whether lithium can be mined in such an environmentally friendly way ways, unity, man cycling saladas. a lot of engineers believe that a salt lake is like a swimming pool for however you simply pump out the brine filter out the lithium and then pump the liquid back to the source. but this ecosystem has a fragile biological and chemical balance, and mining can ruin it. case it better, they require less of water. so far, flores and his neighbors have been fighting

a losing battle. a number of big companies will soon start mining lithium here. but the protests will continue. flores has 7 children and 7 grand children. over the next 50 years, they may decide to leave the country many to lions already have florez often discusses this problem with his mother. and brother derek owner of the earth is like a mother to us and even though that we have to respect her and protector. and although you. ready she gives us life and she also protects us. this does o. 4 generations of the florist family live under one roof. they raise mama's and we've textiles. from the wool flores complains that traditional life and the region is disappearing. many of the

local young people have gone off to work for the mining companies and those jobs pay. well. we return to bolivia. the government says it plans to produce 40 percent of the global demand for lithium by 2030. and that's a pretty ambitious goal. but to do that, they'll need foreign partners. the final decision will be up to the ministers in the bolivian capital, la pas economist, jani romero, helped to negotiate the original deal with german company, a c. i systems. so melissa olivia lost all about ali manya, but i called bolivia, must regain investors trust if they're called after the government canceled the a c. i contract, i believe the anointed, but some companies have benefited from that situation. was compet and now they

don't want the germans to get back to the game and not willing to still he says little w. mm. the competitors include chinese and u. s. corporations mm. tesla founder, ellen musk is also said to be interested in tapping into bolivia, lithium reserves, driving the government has not yet made a final decision. oh, after months of political chaos, bolivians elected a new president in october 2020. the lease ourself is a former economics minister and was the preferred candidate of x president able morales both, i believe it was our government will represent the interests of all bolivians, and we will restore unity in our country. we've got our sal proved especially popular among indigenous voters. now he will have to

decide whether to negotiate a new lithium deal with a c i a s or find another international partner. mostly leah. on the corner, we must do everything we can to use the latest technology and move forward quickly with lithium production. it potentially indicated the previous contract with germany tomorrow would not have brought us the rapid industrial progress that we've seen. all of it experts say a new deal, well have to clearly define the roles of the participants and specify the distribution of royalties and profits. in chile, fundamental changes in the lithium production model are on the horizon. for example, producers could be ordered to do more to protect the environment

a broad based group of july and citizens is now drafting a new constitution. in the wake of massive protests that began in 2019 biologist christine a door to door was among those elected to draft the new constitution. follow minnesota, and i demand that the salt lake be preserved over the long term. if we continue to pursue short term economic goals, i'll destroy them even though i am the lithium boom may bring prosperity to the andes region. but at what price? a well, if we were to destroy our salt lake because of lithium production, and we'd certainly live to regret it, but i would still many feel left out miss if i don't need lithium, i want to go on living like how do you know that would what effect will the push

toward electron mobility have on south america pricing, comalla money, don't de la in germany. electro mobility represents the development of clean vehicle technology and an end to the use of fossil fuel cell, forcing seen in better. but this transition cannot be made at the expense of fragile ecosystem. it goes like our salt gunther, but we'll look at it and let me figure so ah ah ah, with

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ah, ah. this is the good news live from good russian back rebels claim they've taken over a key town in easton. you cry. oscar steps up. it's bombardment. don, best aiming to encircle, defense forces and take control of your brains. industrial ha also coming up leading.