now with a massive groups of people, how to avoid disaster. we take a look at crowd research. also the war in ukraine is affecting the science world as well. we visited to researchers who had to plead and eternal

life as an avatar. what is already possible in the digital parallel world? old, this a mo, coming up, ah, hello and welcome to tomorrow to day. the science show on the w. in the world is fairly uneasy. leg experienced justin bieber up close and personal . maybe that's not everyone's dream, but here it's possible with his digital avatar. it's a doing the corona virus pandemic, the trend towards visual concepts that avatar became stronger than ever to he was wrath, had travis scott's appearance in a game fortnight is considered one of the biggest and most expensive avatar events . over 12000000 people attended the virtual confession. virtual influence is not based on specific human role models or another train in the avatar market. like

little mikaela. please make your st. will inevitably make it possible one day to meet people who have long since died in the real world. i am not so he'll albert einstein nearly an hour thought. well, as i liked all myself, it was a digital twin of the physicist albert einstein to bring him to life as an avatar. an actor rehearsed einstein's gestures and voice, then his face will features the re created on the computer. and indeed, the einstein avatar is as funny as, as we alive predecessor, i am the president. ah, i am sorry to hear to be president of anything. he said dismayed task. so much responsibility. and so little time to study or explore free, letting the dead live on as avatars. for now, it's still experimental, but in the future, technology could change the way we look at the path. in put stumbles back visual effects experts are making

a 3 d scan of holocaust survivor ava mouth. at one of europe's 1st volume metric video studios. it via fondling. we were the last ones for our transport went from said it where we were then transferred henley von from navarre key to auschwitz i was surveyed. no mother was of normally when you create 3 d people for games or other environments, hundreds of people are involved to simulate clothing will hair huffman real people in 3 d on or paint them. that's all god in the recording room here. i can walk in, shoot like with a normal camera, press start, stop, and everything's and moving photo realistic 3 d. and that's the real game changer. what's new about this technology? on these i told you 32 cameras capture ava o mouth, down to the smallest detail. good. a computer use is this data

to create a 3 d hola gram. this is the spirit is i image is different now. it's nicely i've been big. is this more realistic in 3 dimension? i see it's important to me that this be preserved for future generations. yeoman at holland, if this form of technology enables that, that it's fine with me. beat that done is the semi fairy not doc swim bleed on, can placed the volumetric holograms into any environment such as mixed reality apps on smartphones come get slammed. i can place myself anywhere in the room. i can turn around, make myself bigger or smaller. and now i'm really in the normal video with infants, so another person could stand behind me, record videos with me, and share them with other friends. for example of name on judgment on importance was retiring. he believes that in the future mixed reality glasses will replace smartphones will be able to view 3 d hola, grams at any time. so even the dead can continue to visit us in everyday life.

haven't guns on em, it's all have a very different relationship to the past that i live at. one that doesn't end right when someone dies. might. if i scanned my grandma, i could have her with me in my living room each day or whenever i want. i could imagine experiencing her as a hologram at a grave site. is it on okay. and others experiencing this too? so you could really see this person buried there, although there are lots of exciting application scenarios out of the new scenario. application scenarios that still seems strange. yon phillip stine explores the effect of virtual figures. can we truly mourn the dead if we still meet them digitally? if commission, good fortune, i imagine that we are just at the beginning of something new as mankind is developing a different view of technology for from 5th young, 50 years ago. many things at a normal today were still creepy and scary done with with and chokes, thought, i don't want anything to do with that. you and the father, you can see even now that younger generations use technology quite differently than

older ones do in a totally how i'm done with it. i think a natural way of dealing with it will emerge over time. and maybe it'll be a good way for people to still feel a connection to those who have died, you know, have been known so soon. but where's all this leading too long in the future? will our consciousness also be uploaded to the digital world? the amazon series upload, portrays just such a scenario. welcome to upload nathan made it's lakeview the lucky duck o after an accident, the main character nathan gets himself uploaded to the cloud and leaves as an avatar in an animated luxury resort. he some kind of old fashioned room. okay. over a lake, a realistic scenario, freeze money factor. i know that right now, we're still quite far from it for ya. so anyone who claims it'll be possible in 10 years or so. that's nonsense. it's clicking 20 or 40 or so years into the future.

the way machines systems, data storage office and everything are developing. but you can say that at some point will likely reach complexity where something like that will be possible. vishna that we can basically store ourselves somewhere as a back up and then have a kind of eternal phase. it's a long term goal. people have been working on this kind of thing for ages 56, it's still really science fiction. well that's, i mean everybody dreams about it. but i'd like to see it happen some day, but that option exists. so whether you want it or not, it's a dream that is yet to become reality. for now. life as an avatar we means just an illusion. mm hm. in the real world, different rules applying here having to leave, especially during times of war, is a sad part of everyday life. these to reset has had to leave the ukrainian homeland

. the 2 scientists fled from their home town of cave to leone in france. there at least they can continue their work research into new cancer therapies. the city of leon is the 3rd largest in france after paris, and must say it offers a high quality of life. it's also a popular city to study in the clouds. bene, university is a hub for science medicine and biotechnology. over 40000 students are currently enrolled here. hi lina whose net silver is from ukraine. ah, together with her colleague natalia, do benco. the biologist fled the russian bombing of keith and arrived here in march . in so walk up more leave is put over what they brought to be able to continue. scientific work is crucial to preserve my mental health among those of us in such

a stressful and painful situation. virginia, i have to keep my mind on my hands. busy of all this work helps me live duck mexico . ash the core of helena and natalia's work is here. a biology lab at the university. the law center. good to redo the picture from the to we're already part of this european project while in keith. and they've been sending him right back to studying nano particles and their impact on cell culture . what this is for food ah, you see. but this hands on experience in the lab, in leon, is new for them. so as the technology, high powered microscopes that allow cells to be studied in depth, the ultimate aim of the project is to help detect and treat cancerous tumors

without the harmful side effects of chemo or radiation therapy. we're record love more. the upper right you ladies, my sure it will be in that, in this model is here we're on the threshold of developing a revolutionary treatment of the menial because there's a deep understanding of fundamental mechanisms are sort of so life of cancer genesis of the action of potential drugs can with i'm so proud and so excited, he will not, we could actually win the fight against cancer in the near future. little helena and natalia will also play crucial roles here, especially during the projects next stage when the nanoparticles were retested on mice. they are here because they are excellent, very good. the strong experiment experience on animal studies. okay, and this is good point for us because of the know how to do it, go fast and swipe down on the, on the global vision of the project can produce no, no, but the good to test them. we do it the step we study on central job,

but they're of important because what they're doing on animals is really conditions . it's exactly what really happened when we reached this on humans. the work and life on the campus provides a welcome distraction. but the situation in ukraine is never, far from helena's mind. blue. oh, pretty i, her husband alexander a physicist, had to stay in tif. so helena made the decision to take her children with her to safety to leon. they live here on the campus all up her like these are the most difficult thing for me is to see that my children are far removed from their familiar surroundings and routines. far away from their friendless little. they're uncomfortable here, sir, by not because of the conditions,

but because they're up rooted from their lives a vision and they asked me every day when we'll go back to care for them. but i can't say because i don't know over here or daughter soon, and i wish plenty of time to day. the scientists decide to take a day off campus and explore leon a little with their kids. the 17th century town hall on plastic to hall is a landmark in the city. as is the dramatic font san bastardi. i live with you, but the talk isn't only about the weather and the architecture in helena and natalia, who have worked together for years, admit that their discussions often revolve around that cancer research. not really a passion that their children share. we often argue about different approaches to cancer. we both had the same scientific mentor,

and his viewpoint is that cancer is not a disease, but rather an evolutionary process, but we can't avoid it. and we can't concord stuff, but i agree with that. but helena doesn't, she thinks that we can eradicate cancer her with maybe not now, but in the future was the truth is probably somewhere in between. lou leo's river lesson a bridge close to traffic leads to the old town i for the to researches the sites here are a reminder of their own home city and what they had to leave behind yard. the course of the news. i'm not getting the most of you and i hope and believe very much that will return to give me will go provide him with we shall absolutely need to go about because a big part of my life is that you are who are you this when that does happen natalia and helena a determined to take back the know how in skills they've picked up in leon to help

strengthen the development of science and research in ukraine. bab ah, now we move on to something more airy ah, sucks of beds and most to piece of mass coordination. each bad can initiate a maneuver and the flux will follow. fish even have an extra organ to avoid colliding. the lateral line organ with it, they can proceed when the pressure around them changes. the head is also important for many memos, especially if they have to migrate long distances like these carridy. but what about as humans? queues, train stations shopping st. grounds form in

a variety of places that's often unpleasant and sometimes even dangerous, some quantity. what makes it an ideal topic for research escape agonies as about understanding what happens in a crowd like that with lots of people in by feeling mentioned, prusio methodist on the physicist armin's, i fried and his team have been studying this topic for many years to learn more about people in crowds, they simulate various crowded situations with around 1500 test subject. participants squeezed through simulated drain doors, or stand in line for concerts. every movement is meticulously evaluated. and cuz i'm vexing come out, we have 16 cameras and toto hang on the la clothing ones that hang from the ceiling to monitor people's colored caps and the codes on them. um the scientists linked these code to body data. participants fill out questionnaires about how they feel

in crowded situations. their inner state of mind is assessed to one of it. mess of it, he hats. in some experiments we measure heart rate and skin conductivity, finding its home to figure out how stressed the subjects are. he and his test because the ones and the main reason for crowding is high motivation in unfavorable spatial conditions. the larger the crowd, the more dangerous the situation is in the course of many of them in a large crowd of 2 and 3400 people can't. i can't help it at all with community limit of either. so i can't even get to the middle as the crowd, so dance that there is no way to intervene. yoga will answer card. one solution is narrow access routes. q management systems that deliberately constrict spaces, experiments show. this doesn't lead to over crowding. on the contrary, another effect demand another effect that you get from these queueing systems is that things are fairer. does as crystal to get. because inequity can be

a cause of over crowding that come to him done and i'm not, he on off does nothing. this comes into play in particular when it comes to the distribution of resources, such as a seat on the train, or a certain place to stand if a concept stolen steeple, who gets in some way. first, then fairness becomes incredibly visible. on gothic with this, but especially during the karone of irish pandemic, it became clear, equitable q management systems help us keep our distance. wait signals, clear signage and path markings lead to less over crowding. that's crucial and spots where space is limited. if we have enough space, we orient ourselves intuitively, for example, along the lines of sight and keep a certain distance from other people. the seemingly random distribution on the

train platform is by no means random, as you mention, torn, so as people act like they're standing somewhere quite randomly, but in reality, that spot is chosen quite precisely because for example, people always stand the same distance apart and under. oh, we choose equal distances because we don't want to crowd our fellow human beings, nor should the distance between us be too great. when things get crowded, people seem to behave like a heard at 1st glance. but unlike animals, humans like the tools needed to intuitively orient themselves in a dense crowd. taylor m d m, shar, animals this exhibit swarm or heard behavior, have a kind of innate repertoire of behaviors that help them react in that situation. they pay attention to the other animals, keep certain distances, know their place, and react automatic clayton as humans. we simply don't have that programming from

and must create meaning for ourselves. in that situation. then we have to consider how to react to that whatsoever, misson, believe it or 100 voice. if people are highly motivated to leave an overcrowded place, chaos can ensue, individuals feel overwhelmed and things get dangerous, like at the love parade, to those in 10 induce burg. western germany, when tens of thousands tried to reach the exit all at once, some fell and were trembled by the masses. was the son that's a fruit of mentioned that leads to people just losing their footing to fall into the ground. and then not being able to move because of the crowd and ceiling these next to them. and so one goal of these experiments was to see exactly how these people use their legs, arms i and body in a crowd on co carpark and mixed them using this data, the researchers try to determine how much freedom of movement feet need at what walking speeds to prevent falls because though countless large events have been

held, there's still no standard to predict when a crowd will get out of control, or how many people must be involved. xy freedom team is working to develop such standards, based on their experiments. distancing rules help, though not always yet. vast, hello should of his team will to vote, am i losing or what is the motivation? what is it worth for me to act this way at the highest? if i have to wait for 2 hours for the next train, then it might seem to me that the karone of ira's distancing rules are worth very much. but experiments also show that people do not always feel uncomfortable when they're packed in like sardines, after all, there are situations where we want to be part of the crowd because it's only human to seek proximity to others, despite the possible dangers. ah,

the current of ours pandemic has also illustrated one risk of crowds infections. but it's not always clear how many people have been infected in an area. still, the sauce covey to virus leaves us traces that can reveal mo, it not only gets into the mouth and lungs, but also into the intestines. and finally, into the toilet. mm hm. it's a trail that every person leaves behind all the way to the sewage treatment plant, where it can be collected and analyzed in the laboratory. ah, this shows completely without swaps. how many people are infected with the corona virus and with which virus variant as well? another valuable use of waste water this is waste water.

it comes from supp ruben, in western germany and is purified at the largest sewage treatment plant. insulins 25000 cubic meters of waste water on dry days. enough to fill more than 130000 bath tubs. though in rainy weather, that amount can triple tina follow tomb conducts wastewater analysis. recently. she's been checking sewage samples for the corona virus, believing that this could be a better way to detect rising infection rates than coven test results. therefore, i buy a better money. the advantage of monitoring waste water is that it gives us data on everyone who's infected, since everyone has to go to the toilet and everything we excrete ends up at the sewage treatment plant placement compact. thank you, since we get human waste from everyone in the plants catchment area, we can also find fragments of the virus that infected people excrete into the waste

water in a buffer. so we can catch on reported cases too, as not everyone knows that they're infected or gets test. it affects you on, on that and tested the sewage at the treatment point is already tested for harmful substances, nitrate concentration and p h value, an auto sampler. that's a bottle every 2 hours. benyamin voice examines the samples at the same time each day. an extra sample is now taken twice a week for the corona virus monitoring pilot project is of lottery us rules. look all over google as follows. for corona wire sampling was filling the larger bottles for our sampling on our daily checks, which is the pause in this large bottle will be kept frozen for a month. so we always have a reserved sample one along the wall almost 2 years ago. susanna lightner from the technical university of darmstadt, found that sampling waste water can show how quickly and widely corona virus has spread through a region. back then,

she and her team was searching for an early warning system for coven 19 waves, and found it in waste water. her method could even detect how quickly different variance of the virus was spreading in a given area. that one of the data could be used to estimate the infection rate in the plants catchment area and decide whether to test more, coven testing or less. and whether to relax cove. it restrictions depending on wastewater values with her and my boss of him. many countries, including the netherlands, spain, and the u. s. quickly adopted the system, in part because it's cheaper than conducting hundreds of thousands of individual coven tests. now, 20 german municipalities are taking part in the waste water monitoring pilot project. even more had applied to do so. tina follow tune from sub hooked and thinks it's already a success. as it's all this di inflicted people actually start

shedding the virus on a few days before they develop symptoms. and to begin the oven, our side or waste water, allows you to recognize much earlier where the trend is heading at canon ward at hint, hint, good. as about if this head start of roughly 5 to 10 days, 1st was 10 tagging czar lands proximity to france. is another aspect of the project . french waste water is purified and now monitored here too. so is the influence of the countries, different rules and restrictions on cove it waves? the results should prove useful even once the pandemic is over. but most of us come to ok, now we're going to extend this to other pathogens. it's about for instance, to use it to monitor influenza or polio which continue to be problematic. not before. so we hope to gain experience here, kathy, about how that can work in practice. as i talk factors often cindy and cotton.

currently, the waste water samples from across germany, the to being tested for the corona virus. a sent to a central lab by mail. it's hoped that eventually testing could be done on the spot, then the results would be available even more quickly. that said, from tomorrow to day d, w, science program, feel free to tune in again next week. until then state curious. ah ah, ah ah ah

ah. ah ah ah, with will narrowly in 20 years a around 10000 child soldiers were forced to fight. where are they now? and how do they live with their traumatic memories?

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