attended by russian diplomats, but thankfully it didn't derail the summit to sum it did conclude with this agreement to continue peaceful cooperation and at least one part of the country the planet to do the reporter, joe told roy, very interesting stuff there. and very important, of course, your watching deed of the news live from berlin. next up is doc film with green at revolution, examining the use of biofuels as an alternative to coal and oil about affiliates for me. and the team here amberlynn take care and we'll see you very soon with the green. and then do you feel worried about the planning me to i'm neil. host of the on the green fence podcast and to me it's clear remains to trade. join me for a deep dive into the green transformation for me, for you,

for the plant. ah, new methods in plant cultivation and animal breeding, micro organisms with amazing properties among, with such as there's a global shift towards renewable resources. when i'm at, i envision humans living in harmony with their environment. all the burning of fossil fuels is warming, the climate, agriculture and fisheries. the spoiling nature. i'm to littlest one 3rd of the world's fish. catcher ends up as fish meal and animal fodder. when they look at how we treat food, and if a loaf of bread costs more than a chicken,

how was that chicken being fat present? there are big challenges ahead. but luckily, no lack of big ideas. need to do something we have to ex can so called bio economy, make our lives more sustainable with the ham boss surface mine in north western germany. a place that like few others in europe, clearly shows the destructive consequences of the fossil fuel age. and plant research at all, i sure has mixed feelings when looking down into the 400 meter deep pit.

this is susie surreal. to see all of this from up here to see the us, it looks more like art. justice, leach not hardly sank. it's clear that this can't be sustainable. hold of the few state's true that in many places, coal and other fossil raw materials were the basis for our prosperity today. and it is voiced on by the hymns. what if we want to continue having this prosperity? because most people do watched until then we must come up with really clever solution as losing into and fun lesson. oh, i sure can envision a prosperous life without relying on fossil fuels with the help of the so called bio economy. coal should give way to plants funky insects and bacteria, instead of extracting rule materials out of the us, they should be grown in the fields. this co failed is going to be transformed

into a bio economy area. the credit of almost can't just say we're getting out. we have to shape our future does as i tell him, that's the structural change that will take place here. no society who and it's, we're not just say thanks for leaving and allowing it to flood with waters to you. if we're trying to shape the entire region to not turning it into an area that has a completely different role, often by electron to me is not ready that new humans have been using renewable resources since time immemorial. research is like sure. however, once a completely transformed the time on an industry using the latest tools of biotechnology, genetically modified organisms increase available by a mass like microscopic living factories, bacteria produced chemicals, and biochemists will create new green products in their labs. back to

the bio economy area. oh, sure is the professor at the helm hurt center hewlett and has lived here for over 20 years. besides the cold, this area is home to a 2nd. treasure was, is mad at you. it's a region with great soil from where you can produce a lot, come on. so this is a unique opportunity for us to implement something here in the region so that we never would have had otherwise for sure. the future begins with the return to what made this region flourish before the coal industry the fertile farmland. oh mm hm. but what should this new age if renewable resources, the bio economy looked like in concrete terms. together with a local sugar producer sure is working to increase yields of

a local crop the sugar beets. ah, for the south does tolliver the under plans a great thing about this plan to sell quickly? it is develop sons of. so it went from being the size of a carrot to this in a few decades of the saw just goes to show the potential of a plant like this is contradict the real research work begins in the lab. sure wants to take a closer look at the root system of debates, by placing the plants in a scanner not available says with roots in particular, their surroundings, the soil environment has a great influence on how they're structured and function in soon. yes, that's why we must use tom graphic methods like this to understand what's happening below the surface. yet. for the experiment,

scientists 1st create radioactive carbon behind thick screened off walls. they use this to vaporize the sugar beats in the climate chamber. the leaves absorb the carbon which the roots then stool. the scanner can make this process visible. shorts, image sequences show how the plant absorbs the carbon with escapes and we're trying to find heritable traits for cultivation and system where you can say, for example, zog. i'm looking for roots that stretch particularly deep down or for geno types they caused this. the research is can tell from the images under which conditions the roots perform best. what soil conditions must be present. what climate? with this knowledge more robust and above all, high

a yielding varieties can be cultivated. ah, that's can only cultivation alone produce enough biomass for petroleum free economy . the truth is that with the help of technology, agriculture has grown as never before in the past century. this has been achieved by using heavy machinery, artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and accelerated breeding. most recently with the help of genetic engineering. but this success has come at a high price species, los depleted soils, water shortages, and the emission of greenhouse gases side effects that in some places are already causing yields to decline again.

ah, ecologist stefan, playing at 2 of the university of castle examines the effects of global bio mass cultivation on nature. is it possible to match europe's consumption with this kind of production? mm hm. in total, germany's consumption of agricultural goods uses over $50000000.00 hectares. that's 3 times our domestic agricultural area of 17000000 hacked at us. it's a painful truth to keep europe in tables filled with food, forests and other parts of the world must be cleared in specialists terms. this is called land conversion roberts, all off division one. so squished regarding land conversion,

we have established that german, his sins lie in the past, so to speak was because the land conversion rates were at their highest in the 2 thousands and up to 2015 words proving that is land conversion in the regions of the world due to our consumption of agricultural goods. in some regions, there were enormous conversion rates off 80 square meters per person that is, per german inhabitant on woburn can we produce more by a mass for new green products? this past is a great danger to rain forests and primeval forests. therefore, the goal cannot be the increased production of bio mass, but rather a more economical consumption. it doesn't matter whether we gray plants for food, energy, or materials. there's not an unlimited amounts of arable land on us. so are the foundations of the bio economy already crumbling,

with an insufficient amount of biomass being produced? a nondescript green house in eastern france, not far from no c. this is the realm of frederic bo ago. the professor of agricultural sciences has gathered plants from all over the world. here come on, come on for they were was she off at the inter john for buffy trulia? this is a special cultivation for you. don't usually see these here in europe is wrong in china. there are large fields with this tree for raising. so forms all the take on

sure. it's the white mulberry tree, though the set top of it to salvage of our swell amore festival. merely a blow. it's a plant that produces very special molecules capacitor. yes, super antioxidants that have an anti inflammatory effect. don't she don't. and in fact, the molecules can be found in these bright yellow routes if it's a solar sinner. so pleasure this. she key conscience him. when he drew ah, to protect their routes from predators, spect tyria and funky plants have created countless defense mechanisms. throughout the course of evolution, laplant lockers will soft you them in eula. true for ya. that's often called fossil 1000000 than it. when plants moved from the sea to land 450 to 500000000 years ago, they had to deal with aggressors that were present in the soil in your these osx, therefore lay developed chemical warfare system in the natural substances to repel aggressors can suddenly and prevent them from evolving at their expense or, or sometimes even to kill them all buff road buffer. remember that

a tree bush go once to harness these defenses for plant based cosmetics, new medicines, and biological pesticides. but to do so, he must 1st produce sufficient quantities of the wonder molecules. the key is a completely new form of plants. cultivation plants milking plants milking is based on a soil less cultivation method. the roots hang in the air and irregularly sprayed with a nutrient solution from below. to obtain the molecules, bogo simply dips them in an alcohol solution that washes out the active ingredients . this method keeps the roots on damaged, said that they can be milked again and again with some plants. so active ingredients, however, that doesn't work. the roots must be trimmed and boiled in

a by a reactor. this low as the number of harvests, but the roots grow back in no time, making them ready for another trimming that can plant milking, also produced by a mass on an industrial scale. they will provide zone for. she'll mill mcgahey the show for we can produce on a 1000 square meters area thought that's not a lot. 100 square meter is multiplied by 10 point on an area like that. we can produce a quantity of molecules for which you need at least 30 hector's outside in the field mill since we can't harvest to the fine roots in the field anyway, we would probably need 60 or even a 100 hector assault to were. so i thought according to bogo plant milking, thus requires a good $300.00 times less land than arable farming. the disadvantage is that the costs for the greenhouse is spraying systems and above all the nutrient solutions

a high. that's why the process is not suitable for mass production that is mainly used for molecules in expensive products or canal a placidity. therefore, these technologies allow us to produce molecules that are very valuable to certain industries, and they're used for things like pharmaceutical cosmetics, food production, and crop protection that actually digital ah, s, downtown company from bavaria is taking a different approach with the help of an insect launch gang vest, m i, until my skin. want to up cycle residual biomass i dishwater. dr. young, we've chosen the black soldier flies because it can consume the widest range of

food and to harvest, waste, fallen fruit, even grass clippings, for example. peter, or even things like vegetable scraps, are great food for the black soldier, fly, and he told his foot of foolish, muffled off tune and vest, m, i have found a dest us up in 2020 the flies are intended to replace. so a and fish male commonly used honda in life stock forming. i'm the some unsure of yank land which if you look at how agriculture are really works here in the you know and see over 90 percent of the soil and fish meal is imported. this means that rain forests in brazil are cleared in order to grow soil did van, or that one 3rd of the world's fish catch ends up as fish meal and animal fodder fung. slam aquaculture is no exception, so that when i eat fish from awkward culture, i'm contributing to over fishing of the oceans. harvey starts by the semantics of fishermen. ah, instead of silly and fish male, the photo could be made from laundry of the soldier. fly. not only do they provide

protein to the animals, but they themselves can be fed by all kinds of bio mass messages. honestly, they're extremely resilient. ah, the statute shall be taught to sponsor the natural habitat of the black soldier fly . i'll just go ahead and say it is, it's actually manure or feces. humans, actors. one characteristic of this inside is that it has a very robust immune system might do, which means that it can be reared in a very stable manner. without any disease is interfering in a foam note of munich, the insects, the fed, wheat brand, a residue from flower production that the company obtained from a neighboring mill, which has been mixed with minerals and water to form a nutrients laurie. after a week, when the maggots have reached the peak protein contents their sieves and fed

a life to avoid long transport rates, production takes place on the premises of an animal. brita. studies have already shown that photo made from insects can make animal breeding more environmentally friendly. the problem, however, is that the maggots do not grow equally well with old residual materials. so does the whole thing payoff? we couldn't believe it puts him as a fish. mute are production is both cheap in fish meal and again uses less energy must, although it needs heating. we have very good insulation here. and after any given day, we hardly need to reheat it because the larva also mit warmth when they have grown of it. what it's u. s embassy of oxygen conclusion. to prevent more and more nature being sacrificed to intensive agriculture, the new green regime must rely primarily on bio mass that's already available. for

example, by turning the husks of week grain, weeks gran into protein, which maggot food. ah, many other methods there also needed to efficiently process green rule materials on the way to creating new environmentally friendly products. this is a composting plants by hydro bag in the south of gemini, for bio technologists, rebecca hagar and diane. i could do my looking for clues in a pile of bio waste and food scraps is nothing unusual. so 0 because of course you find these types of micro organisms exactly where there's a lot of plant ways to find the research is looking for previously unknown microbes

in the human. they contain enzymes and that's what hagar and do my i looking for because these molecules have some amazing properties. enzymes that elementary building blocks of life. without them life would not be possible at all. they control metabolic processes help to digest food or produce energy from oxygen during cellular respiration. they work extremely fast and do not consume any energy themselves. however, the secrets behind numerous enzymes and the processes they set in motion and not yet fully understood, especially in the realm of micro organisms. there is still much to be discovered

ah, recording has been a micro organisms have developed an incredible repertoire of survival strategies in the course of their evolution. so that you can find metabolic pathways and enzymes allowing them to survive in extreme situations. to relieve hagar and do my, i want to use the natural power of enzymes to make products such as bio plastics and biofuels based more efficient and environmentally friendly decoy cadon, curtis osman. but in some of the basic idea is that you can use in semantic reactions to make many of the chemical processes you find in industrial production, much more energy efficient and more environmentally friendly virtual because for example, you don't have to use toxic chemicals. then mrs. another project is the production of biofuels from straw. it's long been known how this raw material can be processed

into ethanol with the help of enzymes that up to now the process is not being efficient enough. and fuel from straw is anything but competitive. cylinder replies, as long as the oil prices low, it's hard to get a more sustainable production process going and at the same time, make it economically profitable ish on the to van. the biotechnology company has already collected over 70000 micro organisms and enzymes and they use is expected to have a long term impact on the economy. back in early shoes by in the economy area. he to research is being conducted into the

sustainable processing of bio mass with the help of enzymes wrong. emma biochemist nick vicks wants to harness the power to make a new kind of bio plastic out of waste from sugar beach production. exactly how that will be possible. he's demonstrating here in the lab, the remnants from sugar production, a brown juice and nothing more than a starter. the actual job is done by a fungus cold. booster logo made us also known as corn smotts. dex puts this fungus into a so called for mentor and feeds that with the waste material from the sugar production. the fungus contains an enzyme that processes the carbohydrates from the waste

material. this produces, it's a conic acid. and that's what the research has thereafter. because separated from the microbial mass, it's a conic acid can be used to make plastic in just a few steps. it's a very interesting molecule that has functionalities that are not present in all those chemicals known. so it really allows for new properties, new kinds of products, new kinds of plastics, which we cannot make with all those products to make the fungus produce. even more acids vix genetically modified it. so if you just take a micro from the few, when you will use that to this process, you would maybe turn done percent of the sugar into the pulled up. and by engineering, what we achieved in for several years is to turn not 10 percent, but broader, 60 or 70 percent off sugar into the final product. and this is actually the maximum

that you can achieve theoretically, because they are still living things. and they still need a certain amount of sugar just to stay alive, integral ah, by using biotechnology, nick the x is turning a waste material into something new bio plastics. it replaces the petroleum products, comes from renewable resources and boosts the regional economy. but there is a downside. growing sugar bates uses pesticides and fertilizers, which ultimately has a negative impact on the bio plastics environmental footprints. in addition, the waste from sugar bates is always ended up as animal fodder. it forms or is the fertilizer in the fields if in future that processed into plastic, they'd be sorely missed there. ah,

oil is also for nutrition and it's polluting the environment and it's changing the climate. so i think we should try to make a most efficient use of the bio based resources we have and is congressman many different forms. number one thing we focus on is waste streams from the food industry from biodiesel industry, which we can feed through these micro so the power of enzymes can help to get more out of the available biomass. but there's yet another challenge that challenge becomes more evidence with a raw material that's available in large quantities. woods woods is extremely robust. if it weren't trees wouldn't be able to live hundreds so often thousands of years. ah, but it takes decades for a dead tree trunk to rouse only slowly do and e,

with the help of specific enzymes get at the carbohydrates. it contains theoretically, woods could also be used as a rule material for new forms of bio plastics. but what nature does on a daily basis has not yet proven to be technically efficient enough. and more importantly, has not yet been achieved on an industrial scale is according to the harnessing the carbohydrate and would, is simply one of the biggest challenges in science at often university research is led by engineer you and feel a working on a solution to the problem simulation tests, so show how which can be broken down and further processed on a large scale. just as soon as hom, villa tours type nature has one thing that we don't and that's time i thought the

compost heap has years to decompose the longest. but of course, we have to accelerate that movement in industrial processes so that we can become efficient and competitive at the end of the day. gee fin during the tests, however, the research is miss deal with very immediate problems. clogged pipes as a sort of you well that's something we should avoid at all costs. you can only get rid of this stuff by hand and, and some everyday problems in the high tech lamp. an old to common issue when working with pieces of woods and a constant nuisance with other bio mass as well. one thing is clear, this is not the way to win the race against petro chemicals. just put himself on the, almost as in all goals of a at bio mass has huge potential, but petroleum has a headstart of more than a century up. you also have to heat up crude oil. many times you buy. and if you let the pipelines cool down, they get clogged and an order in the bio mass and melt or evaporate,

which means we have to find other ways to deal with these problems out. so we'll make bio mass work doesn't have you must said there's still a lot to discover hands quite a few problems to self in bio mass processing. ah, and even if, if this lacks out, the question remains, will the bio engineers boilers actually produce more sustainable and environmentally friendly products? ah, the plastic manufacturer also has no illusions about the potential of buy a plastics there monday honestly if you look at wants floating around in the ocean and zia, a lot of plastic has been used because it is extremely durable. this means that bio

plastics be at least the biodegradable kind will not solve the problem. at the end of the day, we all have a role to play. both the industry and consumers have to step up to find a reasonable approach about the quote ah, by reasonable the plastics manufacturer a means above all better and more comprehensive recycling. some iceland labels, lately for puzzle photography. so he actually does he move the student one example is food packaging, mach of, if it's manufactured to be as thin as possible. at the same time, it must have a ceiling effect about keeping oxygen from the food. even also keeping moisture in science also was on and so it's made extra thin by using a little material. we think that often leads to many different types of plastics being used in several layers, so adversely, thereby it becomes practically impossible to recycle that to alicia. you could just as easily, of course, develop plastic packaging that has recycle ability. thus,

why isn't it happening today? the answer is simple or diminished. a thin packaging is still cheaper than a slightly like a packaging, which is osha to recycle. as dick a for pocket didn't about the psych advice. sadly, this means that the new technologies of the bio economy will not solve the plastic problem any time soon. does it look more promising in the food sector? a company from bam bag produces meat substitutes. it's found a free trish boozer used to be a boot chairman spent years advising fast food chains and food companies. but he suddenly had a change of heart standing in a factory hole where millions of male chicks was shredded. ah, thus heston is the fact that we're actually dealing with a living being which we then kill was there is no other way to put it before we eat

it with him as being suppressed more and more. when you see how chicks are sorted on a very large scale between male and female, and then the ones that have the wrong sacks are sent flying into the shredder. well, i came to a point, i just couldn't do that anymore. it was the the pro seen in this is meet substitute is mostly source from green pays. he strives for sustainability through the company's entire supply chain. and all products come in recyclable packaging. the piece come from gemini farmers who cultivate them alongside potatoes. ah, does i got the answer from i showed up in the middle of potato harvest liquor, a farmer held up a potato that was bigger than my hen, and shouted at me from the top of his lungs. while this is what we work with buddha

potatoes like this, and you want me to plant these crappy little piece of it. so even back then we had to convince people that small piece can be big business off of not lose it gets to the proteins that the help of a giant staring rod. the peas a hated to and mashed he done in rich his the extracted proteins with numerous other ingredients important thus unbalanced, letting out so much in house gummed under in the product that ultimately comes out of the machine. we have a protein content of about 30 to 35 per cent 5 is that i've, that's $2.00 to $3.00 times more than what's in the p as i, which means i couldn't produce that at all. if i just took the p grounded up and put that in and it wouldn't be enough that i should the shelves who's against additional protein from beans to lentils and outs. he changes the consistency with

coconut fast, and then he adds lots of spices. of course, he insists that no synthetic additives they used, but wouldn't it make more sense to justine lentils than piece straight without is meant to be about dish mux, eliza bower, magnificent words we also eat with our eyes via so we expect certain taste this from sy isn't con, our prosperity is, for example, reflected in the fact that we can eat very food and missional. that's why you shouldn't just dream. but look at what is possible versus what can be done. it's bobby, how can i contribute with something that will change the market and, and if we now tell everyone that they should e p suit all day and have some lentils and beans in between 90, then people would be fed up with a poor digestion after a couple of weeks i bought compton says it's not really an option or 2 has only hamilton good in the phoenix according to visit his meat, substitute likewise 10 times peeler, rizzo fis than meat production. in fact,

many experts see plant bay nutrition is one of the most important tools for environmental and climate protection. so it's important. those could close. the 60 percent of the grain produced or imported in germany is used as animal fodder to produce grain. you need arable land. if you need less fodder, you also need less arable land. in other words, the shift to a more plant based diet will be crucial to reducing our land footprint to blue. ah, food that protects nature and release is less c o 2. loser believes he's on the right track. a seed start up from finland is taking an even more radical approach. you have pick a pit canon and passive i nika, want to produce food from thin air. at least that's what they promised in their company's promotional film. there is

a way to turn fields back to crossland, pastures back to forest deserts, to food phones without sacrificing of freedom with choice as consumers. by harvesting c o 2 and combining it with water meters, we are creating natural protein out in front of the little box food production is responsible for 25 to 30 percent of greenhouse gases cost us. the rest comes from energy systems for which there are technologies to make them emission free for food production. there is no such thing . liada sto my ala turning air into food to might sound like alchemy. but the found to show how the miracle wax in their pilot plants, the key to success is once again, micro organisms. the met him office in guest gear, so on family, from the heart of our process,

our microbes that we're sound in nature and classified as safe but little the microbes are then grown in the bio reactor because similar to a fermentation tank used in beer production, ala volume, except we had hydrogen, which we extract using electricity vector and carbon dioxide, filtered from the air dio clear. you're gonna get. i found it on with the fins and not the 1st to use microbes to produce food. nasa research as we're experimenting with this as early as the 1960s. they were looking for ways to use as few resources as possible to produce food for astronauts flying to alien planet and came across the so colds, hydrogen at tropes. hydrogen tropes have the special property of living solely on the elements, hydrogen, c, o, 2 and nitrogen. and they produce edible proteins

but can the microorganisms be grown in sufficient quantities? pit cannon and vine nika are developing a 4th step production process. in the 1st step, they filter c o 2 from the air. they also get hydrogen which is separated from water in industrial plants, then they mix in ammonia which can also be filtered out of the air. they then mix all 3 substances in a tank with the microbes which begin to grow with these nutrients. finally, all they have to do is dry the tanks contents and that generates the yellow powder cold slowly in the problem is that the production of sali and consumes large amounts of energy. but the fins envision sustainable so is for this energy in the

future. i even thought of a firewall to go on a letter, but alibi only by my love as a warm allah, we need solar, wind, hydro energy as there were some other electricity produced from renewable sources. we'll pick out on us as if there's a lot that a lot, but if you think about a certain area of land him avoid, aka, we can use that area 10 times more efficiently. i'll come heard of his lot out of finale article solar panels have a certain efficiency in electrolysis has a certain efficiency disorder as a bath. and our growth process has a certain efficiency to her. and it's about 10 times higher than that of plant cultivation to go with our cost by law. at the finish start up. the dream is to grow the microbes anywhere does enough space and enough green energy that could be places that a hostile to life. like, does it, for example,

whether the yellow powder catches on ultimately depends on the consumer in the labs kitchen, the 2 found to show us how to make a desert from celine ah, dongle up. yeah, not. it tastes neutral, just like it should or saline blackouts, obsolete can be used in products that replace vegetable proteins or proteins and meat and dairy products last benefit on this area. you can also use it in bread and pastries. mac, i say, thought or, and pasta was snack bars and ready to eat, meals ya volleyball up, go, go anywhere. michel darrel with the plan is to luge sully in on the european market in 2 years, producing proteins without destroying nature, farmland. it could be a game changer. but 1st, a lot of green electricity will have to be produced. a

journey through the wilds of the bio economy shows that there is no shortage of big ideas and all the new farming methods and green products could make our lives a bit more sustainable. ma'am guns have done a lot of research on so know that things can be done better in many places, it's simply about putting it into practice. but it takes more than just a few prototypes to turn the dreams of the buyers, scientists into reality. the fossil industry giants aren't happy to give up their seat at the table for the bio economy to have its promised positive impact on climate and environments. fast and profound changes. cold, full oop in a hope of from on slash holmes. that's in europe. we're talking about

a turnover in the meat industry that is much higher than 300000000000 euros. steam we're facing a powerful lobby and it's not an easy fight that is kind of, i'm for a comp. but even the innovations of the bible economy have a fundamental limit. if the globe is not to be exploited to the last spec, biomass is and will remain a limited resource to ultimately, the planet is too small for us to be able to substitute everything we currently produce on a mineral basis with biomass. it's impossible, in a sustainable by the economy. resource consumption must decrease massively. we need more re cycling and re use. but the bottom line remains we, the consumers will also have to make do with less

we this is up to news bhaskar. got of i'm optimistic because i see how ecosystems resist abuse cottage wouldn't give us how resilient they are fearful. it's ours who are in danger, but not nature. no, it's up to us to create a desirable future to her for the village of his ha videographer. there is no better time to do so than right now. life on the front line here, there hitch with grenades every day. in the small ukrainian town of new york, 3 quarters of the inhabitants have fled. but some of giving up their

homes know their hope for peace. focus on europe. in 30 minutes on d. w. o is the end of the pandemic in site. we show what it could look like will return to normal and we visit those. we're finding it difficult with successes and in our weekly coping 19 special in 9 minutes on d w o . and she beat it out. unfortunately, she talked in a south

a mother. he's going to spend the rest of her life behind bars for murdering for 3 daughters. if you call me back, i am with i see the site that was part of psychosis is an offer. illness. postpartum is a nasty mothers nightmare starts june 4th on d w. ah, this is dw news, and these are our top stories. keith says moscow now controls a 5th of ukraine, as russian forces are close to capturing the key city of civil donates. it's governor says most of the.