on the conflict between iran on the one hand and israel and the united states on the other with more than 4 hears the adversaries have been irreconcilable. there is never been any real dialogue. how did this confrontation begin? how great is the danger that it will spread the long war? he's real, iran usa starts june 15th on d. w with when we need to travel from point a to point b to me, we're inundated with options one on transportation, optimized for tide, comfort,

and convenience, but readily. so for the environment and ecosystem we drive or right development on eco india this week, let's look at how we can marry model mobility solutions and environmental sustainability. hello, welcome. i'm fun that i'm 1st, let's zoom in on some numbers to understand the impact of transportation or not environment and take stock afford green solutions are already in practice. the transportation of people and goods accounts for almost one 3rd of global c o. 2 emissions during the corona, virus crisis locked downs, unsuspended travel resulted in a drop in world wide emissions from $8.00 to $7.00, gig tons but that figure needs to be reduced further to 5.7 giga by 2030. to meet the paris climate agreement target that seeks to limit global

warming to 1.5 degrees celsius. according to the international energy agency, policies that promote the blending of true low carbon fuels are critical to de carbonized aviation shipping and heavy duty road rate. but almost half of the c o 2 emitted by the transport sector is generated by cars and other light vehicles at $3.00 gig tons per year. eco friend via technologies and better urban infrastructure could allow us to stay mo valve, welding, missing volunteer c o. 2, look at us low. despite growth c o 2 emissions are dropping in norway's capital direct greenhouse gas emissions from road traffic have dropped by more than 15 percent since 2009. 1 of the reasons is the reduction in car traffic

in oslo toes on cars entering the city and car free zones and to make driving less attractive. former parking spaces now serve as bike lanes. boosting public transports appeal is another solution. puny is the 7th most popular city in india. here even school children learn how to get around town in an eco friendly way. they are encouraged to use the bus rapid transit network. most of the buses currently run on natural gas. but 300 in the fleet are already powered by electricity. each alternative means of propulsion such as electricity or hydrogen, are still only found in just under one percent of all vehicles worldwide. high a purchased prices and a lack of loading stations are reasons to wheat is loading stations. a small

neighborhood stores could be part of the answer. with some 12000000 of these stores in india, they could drive the shift to electric motor buying electric powered air caps and transport. drones are best suited to short distances, but mass production is still a long way off. in the short term cable cars could also relieve traffic congestion. in bolivia, mexico, and in columbia. they are already integrated into the public transport system. it's an idea that's also in the pipelines in india where a wrote play service is planned for the city of that nazi now the humble bicycle occupied a special place among working class indians for decades, especially because it was cost effective and utilitarian. modernization introduced

foster modes of transportation and bicycles was sidelined but in the last few years with increasing traffic congestion and pollution. many cities in india introduced private b as you go bikes. we visited m the bowden west india to understand how they fit into the cities mobility plan. ah, uncut gum dunker cycles for bought of his 5 kilometer commuting to work. but he doesn't own a cycle. he writes a different one each day. and it's always ready to go with the click through annette. it is part of one of indiana's largest bike shipping services called my bike, and gum, i really enjoy it. you know, my recommendation. i missed. i really like my bag because the cycles i've been bus gets there, i can store things like my laptop lunch books in what waterloo?

i got it for my commute. i cycled through the bus down and bought the bike over there. and then i take a bus, a few stops, and grab another my bike to reach my office where my bike, like if i don't feel like that, that what i would come to our lives. and i'm of the book which like other cities in india, is working to integrate 2nd shooting into the public transport system. here that system includes a fleet of buses that operate in normal traffic, as well as others find their own dedicated lanes. growing pollution has spurred the push for better public transport across indian cities. the biggest cause for this is where he comes, who's ownership is going up across the country and therefore, so is the traffic which causes more pollution and higher emissions. amazon bod is known to have one of the best public transport systems in india. but that is room for improvement. a recent study found that more people would use public transport

if the city improved what's known as lost, my connectivity. that is cross board that bridges the gap between travelers, homes, and their nearest bus or metro stop. what we tried to do was to talk to people about days, travel behave in depth, howard, they're traveling where to where do they go? and what are the modes that they typically use? it is not just focus on, but it was also focused on the shuttle onto the show sort of lucas from the other military. so understanding that travel needs is what we were trying to do last my connectivity is very important for the public transportation nicholas at the center of excellence for transport. and i am at the bug or been blinding experts, worked with the focus group to advance the city's public transport system in

for the loss. mylo moore doesn't just credit to lee have dependent on rituals, private or shared, or simply on their own. 2 feet. but good, your services can be unreliable or expensive than walking can be uncomfortable and even unsafe, particularly for women, chartered accountant, or just sony's trying to offer an alternative with my bike. he loaned the service in 2013 and initially spent ears optimizing it by studying commuter behavior. he believes by trading is the key to solving the problem of lost my connectivity. and more you're talking about health issues. my bike is one of the on. so you're talking about climate change, my bike is one of the on. so you talk about ottoman mobility, but i think condition my mike is the on. so ah, you talk about mental health and happiness. i am sure not, not many people realize this, but a lot of my bakers ride my bike because of the mental strength and happiness that

they get out of it. other by sharing platforms exist and i'm at about 2. but this one is among the largest. it now has done 1000 cycles, used by over 500000 people across the country at do rupees or less than $0.03 a day bought through the up the services affordable and appealed to a white consumer base. ah, i'm of the firm belief that convenient says so is my alternative that hasn't been going to be convenient for the user if yes, then i have a market for my product. if not, i move it. and that's how we position my baby. make me the service available at the stations. city offices have also made note of its potential to boost public transport and help good carbon emissions from private vehicles. in 2014, it started its own bike shooting project called am the bike to integrate mobility services like my buddy into the city wide network. so,

vio and do this on the bike system, into the be artist. you provided them spaced along with the artist coder, and now the people can use a cycle to reach their destination and they can use the ideas as that means not. currently only 13 percent of them are the bugs residence, to use public transport that's lower than the country average. but with the metro network under construction, the city is seeking to increase that share to 30 percent by 2030 writers like on kit com dollar. give offers and so that i'm about will reach that goal. he used to be the only one in his office who cycle to work. now, several of his colleagues have already followed his lead. bicycles have made a comeback world to work, especially with their promise of being environmentally friendly. a project in columbia capital buddha is experimenting with using electric bites to transport

this to the city center. how's that fading? let's take a look. logo time is a big, dirty, and noisy city. air pollution kills about 2000 people here every year. the air quality and the colombian capital is often so bad than environmental state of m. quincy has to be declared greenhouse gas emissions linked to the transporting of goods by road contribute significantly to the problem, but that is sent the change. in part, thanks to people such as daniel sanchez, he used to be part of the problem. now he's part of the solution, a pioneer of change on the streets of boca tom, me that i want this it and i used to drive a truck. there were always 2 of us on yeah, those head on the boat. everything took a long time because the traffic jam with when having to look for place to par polos, brown gordinez, ford was got it on the stats you. it was really tiring,

hasn't damage comes out. now he drives an electric delivery, tries the goal. this is the cross docking station at the edge of the city center. goods are transferred here from large trucks to the small eco friendly vehicles for delivery into downtown the project was launched by the municipality. since last year, the green alliance has headed the city government for the 1st time. welcome elisa samples, who says that i support that us? most of them are transport is responsible for about 79 percent of particulate emissions here and 3 of them if you on it on 39 percent. that amount results from transporting goods by road dental visit. my 3, i got i think what by switching to these new vehicles. so we can cut emissions by 16 metric tons a day when it so the impact will be to go or lot on policy microphone compliment this. the world bank has made $300000.00 available to the project.

it's still early days during the current pilot phase, the fleet of small electric delivery vehicles, numbers just 15 there the work of a start up and met a iin. but the model designed for that city needs to be adapted to conditions in bogota. la correct. that he has union, my little, he sequels, it just ticks are very different from medi in. when i got the may do it in bogota, retailers are concentrated in one district. okay. now the sites in my distances covered are much larger. i've been so the wear and tear and the electric components is greater and wide in phase out of yeah, i need to innovation and start working on improving the motor and the battery or not. so we can provide the companies in the project and put in an efficient solution. the lola cargo tricycles can carry one cubic meter of goods. that's about 18th, the volume of a standard delivery truck. daniel sanchez as destinations today are small shops and

pharmacies. he works on commission, so for him, time is money, and he zips from one customer to the next. he maneuvers his electric bike through traffic jams. he's glad to be rid of his truck. oh, when is that? if he goes as he is la maya and traffic, it's just the best thing borrowed. ziegler yell bought, i can go bike lanes, the sidewalks, the audio where am i, can take shortcuts in the warranty. for yoga, i can get to any point really fast. she's the moment, it's much better than before. not being stuck in traffic, not having to look for a parking place, makes delivering goods more efficient. several companies have signed up to the project. they not only want to cut their harmful emissions, but also save time and money doing so. new teresa is a major manufacturer of processed and convenience foods. it's an ideal candidate

for taking part in the pilot phase of the project. in columbia, most of its products are sold in small corner shops and by street vendors it below do up or miss the pilot phase has been running for just one month. i feel room that the results are already very significant and very positive. i look at, i thought i face company as mach 6 other companies in the city have also joined the project. yup. and i hope many more will to it out, is it got a got mass locus. his woman are using sustainable methods of transport has many advantages affordable really for people's quality of life, the environmental and the development of open logistics. bnb. yeah. this how do you know he sequela dice? it's too soon to evaluate the pilot project as a whole. but daniel sanchez, for one hopes it will prove a success and set a precedent. he says his work days are a 3rd shorter now and his earnings higher. he also enjoys the attention passers by,

are fascinated the almost under joy. but i like that when i imagined about the people ask me that you're by going to know and i say sadly, no, it's not allow him, anybody's him, we chair at a find a really cool and think it's a good idea. all. no exhaust nothing that harms the environment she sang and thus, yell may feel i'm promoting change info because they assay and don't combo. he still takes the bus home, but he's saving up to buy a good bike. and then he will contribute even more to the greening of bogota. ok, question in mobility planning is this rich fuel is most feasible while also being environmentally friendly. hydrogen is often mentioned as the fuel of the future and doesn't alternative to fossil fuels. but again, hydrogen to really meet these high expectations on bought or tried to dig father,

or we really have to talk about the big buzzwords in the world of energy, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen, to hydrogen's, a wonders of oxygen. it's the magic fuel that can power our cars. trucks, trains, ships and planes, and the best thing, any byproduct of consuming that fuel is walter again and yet it comes with it. this all sounds great. it may be just a little too great. let's take a closer look and see what's behind the hype around hydrogen. today, almost all the hydrogen we produce is used to make of the things like fertilizer or petroleum, but it's never made it big as a fuel. it's just always been easier and cheaper to directly burn fossil fuels instead. but that is changing as the world is slowly waking up to the climate crisis, companies and entire countries are committing to not only reduce emissions, but to reach net 0 that 00 emission. that's around this is meredith annex. she's

the lead hydrogen analyst at bloomberg. any f a market research firm? well it, nat geo, everyone has to do something. and that means that you need solutions for areas where electricity is going to struggle to provide the solution. and that's where we see the sweet spot for hydrogen. we can use hydrogen to clean up heavy transports. a study showed that pretty much all container ships going from china to the us could run on hydrogen fuel cells. they might only have to reduce cargo space by some 5 percent or at a refusing stop. while there are no hydrogen powered ships traverse in the oceans, yet there are some promising pilot projects. the same goes for aviation. in 2020, the 1st commercial sized hydrogen powered plain took off, and major aircraft manufacturer abas' is working on 3 hydrogen models that it says might be ready to deploy. as soon as 2035 long haul flights will probably be

a challenge. but a new study estimates that even running shorts and medium whole flights of hydrogen could cut aviation emissions by up to a 3rd. this very simple elements can actually solve a very complicated problem. it can help cut emissions and some of our most polluting sectors. so we're going to need a lot more of the stuff. and this is where the whole thing gets a little bit tricky because not all hydrogen is created equal fact best a whole rainbow of different ways to make the stuff. the vast majority, almost 90 percent of all hydrogen that's is today is what's called gray hydrogen made from fossil fuels, mainly natural gas making the fuel of the future that supposedly so green is actually a pretty dirty business. if you want to use hydrogen as a clean fuel, we 1st need to clean up its production. and there are 2 main ways to go about this . the 1st one being blue hydrogen blue when we're talking about on

blue hydrogen peripheral to fossil fuels. we're cutting half can storage. this means we still make hydrogen from natural gas in a process called the methane reforming. that does produce c o 2, but instead of letting these emissions escape into the atmosphere produces claim they can catch them and then store them on the grounds or turn them into materials we can use for other purposes. sounds pretty right, right. and it would be if it worked flu, hydrogen actually has a very, very large greenhouse gas quicker. this is robert, however, who co authored a study that made quite a splash in the energy world. turns out that the greenhouse gas footprint of, of the blue hydrogen is worse than if you simply burned the natural gas directly. port johnston, not nothing, nothing low emissions about it at all. the oil and gas industry often promises to be able to remove around 90 percent of emissions when making blue hydrogen. but the

reality looks different. human rights and geo global witness calculated that this blue hydrogen facility and canada run by shell only managers to catch around half the emissions that creates. and this gets even worse when you take into account leaks along the supply chain. while the gases processed and transported these release methane into the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas that in the short term is more than 80 times more powerful and warming the planets than seo to her. but despite this blue hydrogen made its way into the official hydrogen st. to geez, of major economies like the u. k. u. s. japan and the european union report so that there was some pretty serious lobbying efforts behind that because the director of strategy of, of the oil and gas industry, quite frankly. and again, the science doesn't support it, it's pure marketing, and it's marketing. the goal it's, it's be frank as to,

is to keep selling fossil fuels to the world while pretending it's, it's going to get better. we wanted to hear what the oil and gas industry had to say about this. so we put these criticisms to the hydrogen council and industry group which counts fossil fuel giants like b, p shell and saudi aramco among its steering members. unfortunately, they said that didn't find the time to respond. thank you. hi, jan. is a mistake. cost us a lot in the future. this is chris jackson who founded protean, u k. company that focuses on green hydrogen. but i do believe that waivers, all that is by arguing about it, i think it's about building better projects and better technologies. and that's what we want to do. remind you to make green hydrogen. you simply use renewable energy from sources like wind or solar to power and electrolysis. this produces no emissions, and so you end up with truly clean hydrogen. today only a tiny fraction of hydrogen is green and it's actually still pretty expensive compared to the other forms. but that is set to change for 2 reasons. one,

electrolyzer getting cheaper because we're moving to larger projects with more up scaled manufacturing on it. so that's, that's the biggest thing and to prices for renewables have fallen consistently and continued to do so. bloomberg and yet predicts that green hydrogen will be cheaper than blue hydrogen by around 2030 and cheaper than gray hydrogen by 2050. so as that is problem solved, we just make tons and tons of green hydrogen and then run out and tie economies on it. well, unfortunately, it's not that simple. one big challenge that remains is hydrogen's relatively low energy density. you need about 3 times more space to store the same amount of punch compared to natural gas. so we'll likely have to build a lot of new storage facilities, depending on how much hydrogen will actually needs. and how much that's going to be is a tricky question. renewable electricity is still

a scarce precious resource. we should use it as effectively as efficiently as we can. hydrogen may not be the best way to do it. i g can be used for everything, but it doesn't mean it should. so the feature is finding the balance between what we use battery and what we use. the hydrogen passenger cars are a great example for this. they can run on hydrogen fuel cells, but turning electricity into hydrogen, transporting it to refueling stations, pumping it into a fuel cell. to then convert that back to electricity is just not very efficient. about 60 percent of the energy you put in gets lost along the way. alternatively, you could just use the same energy to directly charge a lithium ion battery. the powers an electric motor here only 20 percent of the energy gets lost with trucks. it's a slightly different story. it was long believed that batteries weren't going to work here to move heavy trucks. unit loads of them which take a valuable cargo space and long charging times and really great for business either

. but it seems this technology race isn't over yet. batteries are becoming more powerful and charging times are going down so much. so that's this recent study points towards battery electric trucks dominating the market in the future. ah, hydrogen is by no means the silver bullet that will help with everything. but it does make sense in some cases. so where do we go from here? and we're really at the point at which now a lot of time, a lot of effort, a lot of momentum, has been built around hydrogen and 2022 in through to 20. 20 sakes are really the years where we now need to demonstrate that momentum is can burst into real assets and real production of been hydrogen. and if we don't see that is stay hey, than we're really going to be struggling to hit climate goals over off. so now is the time for hydrogen to prove that it can really get as big as it's hype. transportation for the future will surely need

a v. pink eye cut and practices are harming the environment. there's no doubt about that. i hope it is, episode has contextualized the problem for you and provided some solutions for the direction we should be moving towards. i'll leave you with that and see again next week from all of us in india and germany. good bye. and thanks for watching with

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