the conflicts between iran on the one hand and israel and the united states on the other a for more than 40 years, the adversaries have been irreconcilable. there is never been any real dialogue. how did this confrontation begin? how great is the danger that it will spread the long war? his will? iran usa starts june 15th on d, w. ah, the arctic home to a giant ocean credits of the oka or killer whale off the coast of no way. we join an expedition under extreme conditions. the water is

ice cold, the air temperature below freezing. marine biologist lucas mila is getting ready to observe. a pot of oak is up close. there world is on the thread from climate change . lucas. mila isn't the only expert concerned about dramatic consequences for the oceans and their inhabitants were heading out to sea. lucas miller wants to know how climate change is affecting the arctic ocean, so he's looking for a school of herring. as temperatures rise, herring are expected to keep moving further. north. cold water is where they feed and it just so happens that herring attract oak is as the easy prey

lived. providence gordon, the fuel and see are a deep and wine. so finding the oak is, takes a bit of luck every day. they could be somewhere else, or wherever they're harring, they're an orchestra. it's lucas miller's 1st time here off the norwegian island of shimaya, inside the arctic circle. he has no illusions about how serious the situation is here. meineke wished his august us. my greatest concern is that we're inflicting irreversible damage on the ocean is an ecosystem for d. v. domitian. time to rescue nature will never be as good as it is today. his old grins, tea, sandy hall, if we destroy natural habitats to day, it will take hundreds or thousands of years to recover them after taos law. and in most cases, we don't have the motivation. that's the ability my,

all the knowledge to bring those habitats back to fish. we don't even understand how they work today. they're not profiting, busy hot of it's day one of the expedition. he and his team have been out since early morning, but so far they've not seen any herring and your time is of the essence. it's late november and there are only 3 to 4 hours of light a day of commit to this. tick the very out of it. sure. it, me. the team also includes underwater, camer, man, leonard, a horse and felt that is the fraud. you have the blank and white contrast of the fuel, the waves coming up, the wind whips up the waves and sometimes it looks like there are whales coming up and breathing, but it's not bad. it's just wishful thinking. my darkness is closing in. it's early afternoon and they're freezing as they returned to the

harbor. was noise at circa. we covered about 100 kilometers to day. that's quite a distance kanaka. we didn't find any orchestra, and to morrow we'll try another fjord and hope that mother nature blesses us with a citing of dignity so we can get them on camera. for the lens are. it's not just here in the arctic that the ocean is changing. water temperatures are rising world wide because the oceans absorb a lot of the warmth created by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. surveys down to a depth of 2000 meters show that very clearly. since the 1980s, ocean surface temperatures around the world have been rising steadily, he in 2019 the temperature was 0.77 degrees celsius, above the average for the previous century, many small sea creatures are unable to survive in the warm water.

other fish species have begun migrating towards the poles in search of kula conditions. those who con, cover such huge distances, will presumably die out. and that will have consequences for humans to females, even a from fish, for more than 750000000 people. worldwide fish is an essential source of protein on a diesel. without that fish, many people will no longer be getting enough protein to survive him on to whatever . ah, and there's another problem. the oceans take in huge amounts of c o. 2. that's helped slow down climate change. but the moraine ecosystem con, continue like this indefinitely. as christopher simon, from germany's institute of baltic c fisheries knows all too well. that came out,

but who had to feel the impact of climate change would already be far more severe and far more visible if the oceans hadn't acted as a buffer. but at some stage that buffer capacity will be exhausted and they will then need centuries to recover it. he says profound changes are already visible along germany's coasts. in dallas, see this year we've proven for the 1st time that the productivity for one of our key herring stocks has dropped significantly, which will be reflected in the harvest in the coming years on shock. is a productivity for this doc has half what it was 30 years ago because of climate change and awful and that will directly impact our coastal fishery fridge or mit adolfo. for lucas miller. it's day 2 in the arctic. ah, the biologist is once again off to look for hearing

about a bond by but 1st he applies a naked flame to the protective coating of his new goggles, to prevent them from fogging up. next he prepares a belt with lead weights. he wants an extra 13 kilos to help him dive to a depth of 20 meters. we got fin. wade jacket. all right. thanks. episode figure. we're ready to go. for the lift. good. good. good. so soon they get their 1st indication that harring our round birds circling above the water and just a few seconds later the oak is arrived. this sense of anticipation is huge. even for these 2 experienced divers, neither have ever been in the water with these giant creditors.

lucas miller dives without an oxygen cylinder that allows him to move more quickly and get closer to the oak is without disturbing them. so i, let's often i took my last breath and dived. it's like another world you're waiting in the bit, these huge shadows to approach that of then the entire post winds passed out. the sula f, like mm. bulk is used nachos sienna, known as echo location, to communicate with each other and navigate their surroundings. the group functions as a unit with the bulls swimming on the outside to protect the pod. very from spider i mom it didn't younger to once i'd been down with the oak as 2 or 3

times and the bulls understood that i pose no threat. an inquisitive mother came right up close to me with her coffee. i am young to fall back. ah ah hawkiss are perfectly adapted to the frigid water, but lucas miller is pushed to his limits and beyond. on a day like today he burns around 5000 calories. after 4 diving sessions, it's time to call it a day. is offered if we're going to leave them in peace. the weather's deteriorating. visibility. you starting to get cool. it can be dangerous. if you push your luck too far. hell for

a snow storm is building up its height time. they left the marine. biologist is not only interested in the arctic, he goes diving all over the world. he spend 6 months of the year at a marine national park off the coast of mozambique. here he's doing research into endangered shark species for his doctoral thesis, focusing especially on bull shocks. he takes water samples and then analyzes them with special filters for traces of genetic material left by that, that way he can tell exactly where they've been. he, he and his colleagues also work with microphones anchored to the sea floor. the microphones pick up signals from sharks that are tagged with transmitters. that way the ranges know exactly where the shocks are and can protect them more effectively

. feel it is. amelia found unlocked the marine life is experiencing huge stress from human activity. was mangrove forests cleared to make way for shrimp farms, entire coastal june. so being leveled for sand mines and then you have oil drilling and over fishing out of here as a marine scientist, i can't just stand by and watch these local stress factors destroying nature here along with global climate change that's endangering wonderful reserves like this blue savannah or torn truck to viet it blows up on i am but also back to no way it's late. but lucas miller is came to analyze the days material and study the behavior of the yorkers. ringback dean from a to interview because i'm out of the information we've collected about where the all cars are located. we pass that on to local scientists straight away landfills, which few and i spend a lot of time studying the oak as behavior towards me am. and to put that into

context of what i'm learning each evening about the ecosystem and what other experts here at teaching mainstay classes. another expense for my biling. one of those experts is ever to move from the norwegian institute for nature research. he spent several weeks a year out at sea. his research is focused on humpback whales, and orchids, or killer whales. huge mammals that are good at adapting to changes in their environment. all animals live in the sea will at some point be affected by the effects of climate change in one way or another. and but both killer wilson humbug rules are quite adaptive. so they are, am, are generalist species. that means that they are, can eat different. so sources of food, they can withstand a large variation in environmental variation and,

and they can travel over large distances. other species can't adapt to climate change so easily, including seals, ad, walruses. they live on the ice, a habitat that steadily shrinking. finding food is becoming increasingly difficult . orkeys and humpback whales on the other hand, have benefited from the change. as more ice melts. they have a larger area in which to hunt. but even they aren't safe from human activity. the noise of the fishing troll is along with a growing number of tourist boats is affecting the whale's ability to communicate, navigate, and hunter they have to be louder in order to, to communicate with each other, or it's simply not possible anymore for them to communicate with each other, and that means that they've most likely leave the area and then of course there is

a pollution there's basically the accumulation alpha heavy metals in the, in the marine footwear many killer wills, have alarming amounts of, of having metals and other pollutants in india, blubber. kit it's especially problematic when oak is and humpback whales run into fishing boats up to $100.00 can gather around a single boat drawn by all the herring in the huge it. ringback was possible for cannibal to go over the edge of the nets and then into the, into the net, or you can for amber crew. and, and that, that can be dangerous because they, they can drown in those, in those nets. and, and it's, it's, it's quite a big problem when that happens, because there's no really good way to get a will out of the net other than to open the nets. but that means that the entire hiring catch most of the hiring is, is already debt by the time will be,

will be lost. and that is some, it's, it's not only a financial problem for the fission, but it's, it's even illegal to the, that's the ha, by in the coast to town of share boy draws fishing boats from across norway, the regions, industrial fisheries with their huge trawlers have benefited from climate change, that's because the warmer temperatures further south have driven numerous new fish species into no wage in waters. this feature is just changing over the ness before casting out again. fishing for harring mainly takes place in the hours of darkness when the fish are closer to the surface. and what you have seen is that the hurrying is moving. maybe because for luring more and more north when it comes to the cof ricardo the 3rd cold,

for example in the south. it's a struggling but i will call to this i live. i don't know. maybe it's so if i'm up, maybe it's the flu, shall i though, mom and maybe it's too much fish. this factory in sheer boy processes, many tons of fish every day before exporting them all over europe. they mainly deal with herring and to cod. but he had to, a lot has changed in 15 years. i've been in this industry that that proficio increased at 4 degrees or degrees when we started up from the north. but it was only small, cold milk much school. but temperature went up, cold, calming, moving, moving more north. so in the end it might be that the cold ends up in there are

some, some boy on a pettus and never sees the catch made by the huge troll is all the fish are processed directly on board. that trend has seen his workload plummet. petterson used to have 80 employees. now he only has 15. he plans to retire soon. his son will probably have to sell the business fishes like pen davidson who go out in small boats are also struggling. today he caught just 200 kilos of cod and 50 of herring. he and his wife travelled. he is from southern no way hoping for a catch of a 1000 kilos a day. he's also worried about the future. no, it's bigger boats and they go far out in the sea so they will, they can get the fish anyway. this, i can go or talk to mas from the coast. and if you want to go for you need more,

more safety equipment than for your radio and everything. so if you're out of cold close to the coasts, we will have to think of something else to live. for lucas miller, it's day 3 out on the water each day the temperature drops a few more degrees. suddenly he spots humpback whales in the distance. if you go, what do you think it's ah blitzer check here the side go both farther vividly more and then we crossed the team is hoping for the rare opportunity to listen in on humpback whales. they lower

a hydrophone into the water with long thus, as the company, that's the whales communicating with each other, coordinating their hunt. it's amazing because it's so rare for us to be able to listen in on these wireless. it's pretty special for the clatter, humpback whales grow up to 18 meters long and can weigh as much as $35.00 tons. ah. they mainly feed on plankton and crill. if climate change triggers that even the smallest shift at the base of the complex food chain, even the giant humpbacks will eventually be effected.

graham could 100 as this planet cliffs taylor the pistol. fiona creal, a small crustaceans that occur in swarms forming a bio mass of up to 400000000 tons under the arctic or antarctic ice down. as the ice mill is thick, the habitat that the cruel need to thrive is also shrinking her unbox. and that can lead to a dropping crill stalks over time, which could affect many other species that depend on crill zalman or consequence. ma'am, feel that under the teal a different color pinkson ah, diving with a humpback whale is something even lucas miller has never experienced. but the water temperature today is just 3 degrees celsius. the divers soon have to leave the water. they get dressed quickly and head back to the harbor.

lucas miller can't imagine life without the sea. he's happy to face every challenge that his work presents him. then old sounds of shirts and under fixes on the protecting the ocean and making sure that maybe my children or future generations will be able to experience the magic of the ocean. the my that's my mission that live. that's my purpose in life. my them so and i couldn't imagine anything better. them said every 2nd that i spend in the oceans, whether it's cold or warm, whether i'm with sharks or orchestra, karl is a 2nd that was worth living. i or i'm an orca is honor and is the corner this matters to live. but our oceans are under threat. the entire moraine ecosystem could become d stabilized if climate change continues to advance worldwide. ecologist underway

fina is deeply concerned. mostly the, the, the world is changing too quickly. it's changing because of our oil activities. my world cru, something that is bringing me to, to a heart high degree is bringing southerners. the impact of global warming is especially pronounced in the north and south pole. where once huge expanses of ice and snow reflected the energy of the sun, now dark areas of water are absorbing the heat. we talk about the global temperature in increasing by one degree in the 1st century. and the are to cause extreme support $2.00 to $3.00 degrees, increasing temperature over the thing. thank period 2 in the arctic we're really experiencing what the rest of the globe may see. very soon dealt comes for food being positive to the side is the aquarium in the city of thompson has

a number of species from the region and of a plane. as says it's already clear which species will lose at most in the process of climate change. these are some of this places that are most threatened by a glimmer, changing the arctic for cleveland, the bottom, they have small size and they don't move so much. so they are very is approved. the bigger predators that come from the boil area in the barren seems like the bigger cods, or wolfish, or other other fish vicious. but mammals that require extremely cold conditions are also affected. polar bears are struggling to find food. in desperation, they've started eating reindeer and birds, even if they try to exploit new systems, it doesn't mean that they will survive nuclear wealth. science is really depend on the blubber of seals, which is high in energy that the polar bear needs. so the polar bear has been eating egg strong bert nests and things roll boards,

and that's just not enough for them to come. one thing, the energy supply, but fine as says, it's not too late. if we take action immediately to say both our environment and ourselves, we have been living on the planet to this curtis table for the past many thousands of years. and now we're making it was, this was changed the way the function in the way that goes way faster than we or subs can adapt to both her biologically, but also culturally. so it's true that because history change and maybe they become some pianos, they may be consulting more impoverished or, or maybe something different. the question is, are we able to adapt to that back to lucas miller? it's his last day out on the boat. he still hasn't managed to film orcus hunting in the school of harry norman smith of iowa. we now have

a near temperature of minus 4 to minus 8 degrees and water temperature of 4 to 0 degrees them was so salt water at freezing point, we're focused on you noticed that a hot shower and a trip to the sooner just aren't enough to warm up afterwards again, lucas was off to them. the skipper worn same of the risks he faces. you can get in that, but turn me a very fast and it's quite dangerous. because your brain is not thinking straight. you think you're warm and you start to strip. in the you actually just remind her and get me or send me the situation. but lucas miller remains undeterred. he's received word that a bad, a 100 ork is our hunting, not far from the coast line. just 15 minutes after leaving port. he's on his 1st. hey, this is the moment he's been waiting for a huge swarm of harry has arrived.

the oak is not long in coming by blowing air and swinging their tails, the oak is work as a team to drive the herring to the surface. i'm city, it'll be done in helix. one of them will lin swim into the group of herring bombs and with a targeted switch of the tail take out a whole sway. the fish duncan and sullen or yorkers can then goble up the hearing. and in some cases you just find certain bits of herring afterwards. them to tyler yorkers suck away the most nutritious parts of the fish and then spit out the head and owns them. cup one be great and good owls he knows the oak is could kill him any time if they wanted to. even the planets

largest animal, the blue whale has been hunted and eaten by all his and so has the great white shock, but oak is in the wild, have never been known to kill humans. diving into the water repeatedly in these 10 bridges and then sitting in the cold wind is exhausting. so i can hardly pull my socks own or feel my fingers on my feet. have been um for the past hour. i'm sure i've got cramp in my calf muscles of the submissions. at some point, you just have to concede that we humans don't belong here. the ocean is stronger. and so now, after a life changing day, we're heading home. all moraine climate change is advancing a pace and seems almost unstoppable. ultimately, it will be humanity that decides the future of erosions.

plimmer, the theft and ish, it breaks my heart when i'm out on the ocean and i see how deeply we're impacting the lives of these animals that are just as intelligent as we are. if not more. so it's hard to swallow here is to show and whether we're impacting them directly through excess noise or marine pollution or indirectly by rubbing them of all food . it's all deeply concerning to me. i fired full survivor because i don't want to be the last generation that has the privilege of being with these mammals off my courses. org. then even in to 3 or 400 years time, i want the legends to continue of noise, great. black and white predators again and get fun. then trots wise mccoy bon. no, eggs

sch closely listen carefully. don't know how those simple things you miss today go. ah, feel the magic discover the world around you subscribe to d doff documentary on youtube. ah

ah, ah ah, this is the wi from by laying the president and he says, ukraine's force is in severity done. yeah, it's got out numbered, but holding out the city's a key target in russia's fight for control of the dumbass region. keep says its troops still have a chance to push back. also on the program.