ah, it happened 175 years ago. so young start up entrepreneur at a specific goal to build the best optical instruments in lieu cod size lind devices entering his new one day be feature in lead science into new realms and 75 years of size distorts. june 19th, w ah, when we need to travel from point a to point b to b were inundated with up from one on transportation optimized for ty, comfort,

and convenience, but rarely. so for the environment and ecosystem, we drive or riders out on eco india this week, let's look at how we can marry modern mobility solutions and environmental sustainability. hello and welcome. i'm fund that 1st, let's zoom in on some numbers to understand the impact of transportation or not environment and take stock afford green solutions are already in practice. the transportation of people and goods accounts for almost one 3rd of global c o. 2 emissions during the corona, virus crisis locked downs, unsuspended travel resulted in a drop in world wide emissions from 8.5 to 7.2 giga tons. but that figure needs to be reduced further to 5.7 giga tons by 2030 to meet the

iris climate agreement target that seeks to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius according to the international energy agency policies that promote the blending of true low carbon fuels are critical to de carbonized aviation shipping and heavy duty road rate. but almost half of the c o 2 emitted by the transport sector is generated by cars and other light vehicles. at $3.00 giga tons per year eco bring via technologies and better urban infrastructure could allow us to stay mo valve while the missing policy o to look at us low despite growth c o 2 emissions are dropping and noise capital direct, greenhouse gas emissions from road traffic have dropped by more than 15 percent since 2009. 1 of the reasons is that reduction in car traffic in oslo toes on cars entering the city and car free zones and to make driving less

attractive. former parking spaces now serve as bike lanes. boosting public transports appeal is another solution. puny is the 7th most popular city in india. here even school children learn how to get around town in an eco friendly way. they are encouraged to use the bus rapid transit network. most of the buses currently run on natural gas, but $300.00 in the fleet already powered by electricity. alternative means of propulsion such as electricity or hydrogen, are still only found in just under one percent of all vehicles, worldwide high a purchase prices. and the lack of loading stations are reasons for 2. wheat is loading stations and all neighborhood stores could be part of the answer. with some

12000000 of these stores in india, they could drive the shift to electric motor buying electric powered air caps and transport. drones are best suited to short distances, but mass production is still a long way off. in the short term cable cars could also relieve traffic congestion. in bolivia, mexico, and in columbia, they are already integrated into the public transport system. it's an idea that's also in the pipelines in india, where a ro play service is planned for the city of ada. nancy now the humble bicycle occupied a special place among working class indians for decades, especially because it was cost effective and utilitarian. modernization introduced

foster modes of transportation and bicycles was sidelined but in the last few years with increasing traffic congestion and pollution. many cities in india introduced private b as you go bikes. we visited m the bowden west india to understand how they fit into the cities mobility plan. ah uncut gum, dumber cycles for part of his 5 kilometer commuting to work. but he doesn't own a cycle. he writes a different one each day. and it's always ready to go with the click through annette. it is part of one of indiana's largest bike shipping services called my bike and gone. i really enjoy it. you know, my recommendation. i missed. i really like my bag because the cycles, i even baskets that there i can store things like my laptop,

lunchbox and water bottle there's i got it for my commute. i cycled to the best and, and bought the bike over there. and then i take a bus, a few stops, and grab another my bike to reach my office where my bike, like if i don't feel like that, that what i would come to our lives. and i'm of the book which like other cities in india, is working to integrate 2nd shooting into the public transport system. you have that system includes a fleet of buses that operate in normal traffic, as well as others find their own dedicated lanes. growing pollution has spurred to push for better public transport across indian cities. the biggest cause for this is where he comes, who's ownership is going up across the country. and therefore, so is the traffic which causes more pollution and hide emissions. amazon bob is known to have one of the best public transport systems in india, but that is room for improvement. a recent study found that more people would use

public transport if the city improved what's known as lost. my connectivity, that is crossbow duct bridges. the gap between travelers, homes, and their nearest bus or metro stop. what we tried to do was to talk to people about, they travel, we have it into power, they're traveling where to where do they go? and what are the modes that they typically use? it is not just focus on, but it was also focused on the shuttle wanted. it showed sort of lucas from the other military. so understanding that travel needs is what we were trying to do last my connectivity is very important for the public transportation. nicholas at the center of excellence for transporting some of our been planning experts work with the focus group to advance the city's public transport system in for the last mile more passengers, credits to lee have depended on rec, shoals,

private or shared, or simply on their own 2 feet, but good, your services can be unreliable or expensive, and walking can be uncomfortable and even unsafe, particularly for women, chartered accountant urgent, sony's trying to offer an alternative with my bike. he launched the service in 2013 and initially spent ears optimizing it by studying commuter behavior. he believes by treading is the key to solving the problem of lost my connectivity. and more you're talking about health issues. my bike is one of the on. so you're talking about climate change, my mike is one of the on. so you talk about are one mobility traffic condition. my mike is the on. so are you talking about mental health and happiness? i am sure not, not many people realize this, but a lot of my bakers that i had my bag because of the mental strain then happen is that they get out of it. other by sharing platforms exist and i'm about to. but

this one is among the largest, it now has $10000.00 cycles used by over 500000 people across the country at do rupees or less than $0.03 a day. bought through the up the servers is affordable and appeals to a white consumer base. ah, i'm of the firm belief that convenient says so is my alternative that m as in going to be convenient for a user if yes, then i have a market for my product. if not, i move it. and that's how we position my baby. make me this always available. i'd the stations city officers have also made note of it's potential to boost public transport and help got carbon emissions from private vehicles. in 2014, it started its own bike shooting project called am the bike to integrate mobility services like my bike into the city wide network. so vio and go do this on the bike

system into the be artist. you provided them spaced along with the artists quoter, and now the people can use a cycle who are to reach their destination and they can use the ideas as that means that what we're currently only 13 percent of them are the bugs. residents use public transport. that's lower than the country average. but with the metro network under construction, the city is seeking to increase that share to 30 percent by 2030 writers like on kit gander. give offers. and so that i'm on the bob will reach that goal. he used to be the only one in his office who cycle to work. now, several of his colleagues have already followed his lead. bicycles have made a comeback, would work, especially with their promise of being in bod. mentally friendly, a project in colombia capital. buddha is experimenting with using electric bites to

transport news to the city center. how's it fading? let's take a look. logo time is a big, dirty, and noisy city. air pollution kills about 2000 people here every year. the air quality and the colombian capital is often so bad that environmental state of emergency has to be declared greenhouse gas emissions linked to the transporting of goods by road contribute significantly to the problem. but that is sent the change in part thanks to people such as daniel sanchez, he used to be part of the problem. now he's part of the solution. a pioneer of change on the streets of bogota. midra on 5th and i used to drive a truck. there were always 2 of us on yet i was hired on the boat. everything took a long time because traffic jam with when having to look for a place to par polos, frank gordinez. ford was guarded on this last year. it was really tiring, hasn't damage comes out. now he drives an electric delivery tricycle. this is the

cross docking station at the edge of the city. center. goods are transferred here from large trucks to the small eco friendly vehicles. for delivery into downtown the project was launched by the municipality. since last year the green alliance has headed the city government for the 1st time. welcome to the sample says that i was what there is no sodium transport is responsible for about 79 percent of particulate emissions here and thought i thought them if you wanted on 39 percent. that amount results from transporting goods by road dental visit my 3, i thought it was by switching to these new vehicles. so we can cut emissions by 16 metric tons a day on it. so the impacts will be 2 giga followed uncle's impact to some comp on dentist. the world bank has made $300000.00 available to the project.

it's still early days during the current pilot phase, the fleet of small electric delivery vehicles, numbers just 15 there the work of a start up and met a iin. but the model designed for that city needs to be adapted to conditions in bogota. la correct. that he has union, my little, he sick, was it just it's a very different from medi in when i got the may do it in bogota, retailers are concentrated in one district and okay, now the sides of my distances covered are much larger than that. so the wear and tear and the electric components is greater wad ye and pays out of yeah, i need to innovation and start working on improving the motor and the battery or not. so we can provide the companies in the project and but inefficient solution. the lola cargo tricycles can carry one cubic meter of goods. that's about 18th, the volume of a standard delivery truck. daniel sanchez as destinations today are small shops and pharmacies. he works on commission, so for him, time is money,

and he zips from one customer to the next. he maneuvers his electric bike through traffic jams. he's glad to be rid of his truck. oh, wanted that. i've got his as he is la maya and traffic. it's just the best thing part of the gloria bought. i can go bike lanes, the sidewalks, the audi where am i can take shortcuts in the warranty. for yoga, i can get to any point really fast. she's the moment, it's much better than before. not being stuck in traffic, not having to look for a parking place, makes delivering goods more efficient. several companies have signed up to the project. they not only want to cut their harmful emissions, but also save time and money doing so. new teresa is a major manufacturer of processed and convenience foods. it's an ideal candidate

for taking part in the pilot phase of the project. in columbia, most of its products are sold in small corner shops and by street vendors. it be lot odella or miss the pilot phase has been running for just one month. i feel rude, that the results are already very significant and very positive. with that, i thought i face company as mach 6 other companies in the city have also joined the project. yup. and i hope many more will to it out. is it got a got my look at this woman i using sustainable methods of transport has many advantages on board of health anyway, for people's quality of life, the environment, toner and the development of open logistics. bnb. yeah. this how do you know? he sequela you? ice it's too soon to evaluate the pilot project as a whole. but daniel sanchez, for one hopes it will prove a success and set a precedent. he says his work days are a 3rd shorter now and his earnings higher. he also enjoys the attention passers by,

are fascinated the i was going to joy, but i liked the one i imagined about the people ask me, is that your by going to know? and i say, sadly, no, it's not. allow him, anybody's him. we chair at a find it really cool and think it's a good ideal. no exhaust, nothing that harms the environment he sang and thus he has may feel, am promoting change in though because they as he and don't combo. he still takes the bus home. but he saving up to buy a good bike and then he will contribute even more to the greening of bogota. ok, question in mobility planning is this. which fuel is most feasible while also being environmentally friendly? hydrogen is often mentioned as the fuel of the future and doesn't alternative to fossil fuels. but again, hydrogen to really meet these high expectations on bought or tried to dig funding. or we really have to talk about the big buzzwords in the world of

energy, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen eclipse. jim's a wonders of hodgen. it's the magic fuel that can power our cars, trucks, trains, ships and planes. and the best thing, any byproduct of consuming that fuel is walter again, and yet it comes with it. this all sounds great. it may be just a little too great. let's take a closer look and see what's behind the hype around hydrogen. today, almost all the hydrogen we produce is used to make other things like fertilizer or petroleum, but it's never made it big as a fuel. it's just always been easier and cheaper to directly on fossil fuels instead. but that is changing. as the world is slowly waking up to the climate crisis, companies and entire countries are committing to not only reduce emissions, but to reach net 0 that 00 emission. that's around. this is meredith annex.

she's the lead hydrogen analyst at bloomberg and he f. a market research firm. well it, nat geo, everyone has to do something. and that means that you need solutions for areas where electricity is going to struggle to provide the solution. and that's where we see the sweet spot for hydrogen. we can use hydrogen to clean up heavy transports. a study showed that pretty much all container ships going from china to the us could run on hydrogen fuel cells. they might only have to reduce cargo space by some 5 percent, or at a refueling stop. while there are no hydrogen powered ships traverse in the oceans, yet there are some promising pilot projects. the same goes for aviation. in 2020, the 1st commercial sized hydrogen powered plain took off. and major aircraft manufacturer abas' is working on 3 hydrogen models that it says might be ready to deploy. as soon as 2035 long haul flights will probably be a challenge. but

a new study estimates that even running shorts and medium whole flights of hydrogen could cut aviation emissions by up to a 3rd. this very simple elements can actually solve a very complicated problem. it can help cut emissions and some of our most polluting sectors. so we're going to need a lot more of the stuff. and this is where the whole thing gets a little bit tricky. because not all hydrogen is created equal. in fact, better hold ringo of different ways to make the stuff. the vast majority, almost 90 percent of all hydrogen that's produced today is what's called grey hydrogen made from fossil fuels, mainly natural gas making the fuel of the future that supposedly so green is actually a pretty dirty business. if you want to use hydrogen as a clean fuel, me 1st need to clean up its production. and there are 2 main ways to go about this . the 1st one being blue hydrogen blue when we're talking about on

blue hydrogen referring to fossil fuels. we're cutting half can store at this means we still make hydrogen from natural gas in a process called the methane reforming. that does produce c o 2. but instead of letting these emissions escape into the atmosphere produces claim they can catch them and then store them on the grounds or turn them into materials we can use for other purposes. sounds pretty right, right. and it would be if it worked blue hydrogen actually has a very, very large greenhouse gas quicker. this is robert, however, who co authored a study that made quite a splash in the energy world. turns out that the greenhouse gas footprint of, of the blue hydrogen is worse than if you simply burned the natural gas directly for fuel anston not nothing, nothing low emissions about it at all. the oil and gas industry often promises to be able to remove around 90 percent of emissions when making blue hydrogen. but the

reality looks different. human rights and geo global witness calculated that this blue hydrogen facility and canada run by shell only managers to catch around half the emissions at creates. and this gets even worse when you take into account leaks along the supply chain. while the gas is processed and transported these release methane into the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas that in the short term is more than 80 times more powerful and warming the planets than seo to her. but despite this blue hydrogen made its way into the official hydrogen strategies of major economies, like you came to us, japan and the european union report so that there was some pretty serious lobbying f. what's behind that? it's a direct strategy of, of the oil and gas industry, quite frankly. but again, the science doesn't support is it, it's pure marketing and it's marketing. the goal it's, it's be frank is to, is to keep selling fossil fuels to the world. we're pretending it's,

it's going to get better. we wanted to hear what the oil and gas industry had to say about this. so we put these criticisms to the hydrogen council and industry group which counts fossil fuel giants like b, p shell, and saudi aramco among at steering members. unfortunately, they said that didn't find the time to respond. think blue hygiene is a mistake that will cost us a lot in the future. this is chris jackson, who founded protean, you k company that focuses on green hydrogen. but i don't believe that waivers, all that is by arguing about it. i think it's about building better projects and better technologies, and that's what we want to do. remind you to make green hydrogen. you simply use renewable energy from sources like wind or solar to power and electrolysis. this produces no emissions. and so you end up with truly clean hydrogen. today only a tiny fraction of hydrogen is green and it's actually still pretty expensive compared to the other forms. but that is set to change for 2 reasons. one

electrolyzer is are getting cheaper because we're moving to larger projects with more up scaled manufacturing. ah, so that's, that's the biggest thing. and to prices for renewables have fallen consistently and continued to do so. bloomberg and yet predicts that green hydrogen will be cheaper than blue hydrogen by around 2030 and cheaper than gray hydrogen by 2050. so as that is problem solved, we just make tons and tons of green hydrogen and then run out and tie economies on it. well, unfortunately, it's not that simple. one big challenge that remains is hydrogen's relatively low energy density. you need about 3 times more space to store the same amount of punch compared to natural gas. so we will likely have to build a lot of new storage facilities, depending on how much hydrogen will actually needs. and how much that's going to be is a tricky question. renewable electricity is still scarce, precious resource,

we should use it as effectively as efficiently as we can. hydrogen may not be the best way to do that. hygiene can be used for everything, but it doesn't mean it should. so the feature is finding a balance between what we use battery and what we use. the hydrogen passenger cars are a great example for this. they can run on hydrogen fuel cells, but turning electricity into hydrogen, transporting it to refueling stations, pumping it into a fuel cell to then convert it's back to electricity is just not very efficient. about 60 percent of the energy you put in gets lost along the way. alternatively, you could just use the same energy to directly charge a lithium ion battery. that power is an electric motor here, only 20 percent of the energy gets lost with trucks. it's a slightly different story. it was long believed that batteries weren't going to work here. to move heavy trucks, unit loads of them which take a valuable cargo space and long charging times and really grateful business either . but it seems this technology race isn't over yet. batteries are becoming more

powerful and charging times are going down so much. so that's this reason study points towards battery electric trucks dominating the market in the future. ah, hydrogen is by no means the silver bullet that will help with everything. but it does make sense in some cases. so where do we go from here that we're really at the point at which now a. busy lot of time, a lot of effort, a lot of momentum has been built around hydrogen and 2022 in through to 20. 20 sakes are really the years where we now need to demonstrate that momentum is converse into real assets and real production of being agent. and if we don't see that the state, hey them are really going to be struggling to hit climate goals over off. so now is the time for hydrogen to prove that it can really get as big as it's hype. mm. transportation for the future will surely need a v. pink eye cut and practices are harming the environment. there's no doubt about

that. i hope it is. episode has contextualize the problem for you and provided some solutions for the direction we should be moving towards. i'll leave you with that and see we'll get next week from all of us in india and germany, goodbye. and thanks for watching. with

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