a unit startup entrepreneur at a specific goal to build the best optical instruments in the world. ah little did he know that devices bearing his name would one day feature in my being ah, through science, into new realms. ah, the rise of a global company with 175 size distorts june 19th on d. w. whether we are awake or asleep, our bodies command center works incessantly controlling our organs and bodily functions. the human brain doesn't need any instructions. it knows exactly what to do. even the brains of unborn babies. can we improve our brain performance?

are they differences between the brains of men and women? answers to those questions and more on this episode of in good shape. mm hm. ah, ah. it's the size of a pineapple, weighs as much as a toaster, and looks a bit like a will not our brain. our brain makes it possible for us to see hair walk, sleep. and of course, think all of our memories wishes plans and hopes hidden within it. the brain is a real energy guzzler, even though it only makes up around 2 percent of the body's mass. it uses 20 percent of the body's energy. the energy is used by nerve cells known as neurons. every brain has around 86000000000 of them,

almost as many as there is stars in the milky way too. most of the energy goes into communication between the neurons. neurotransmitters sent electrical impulses from one year on to the next to via signups is the contact points between the nerve cells, the so called action potential, or the electrical voltage in the cell, ramps up then at a certain level, the neuron fi as an impulse and passes it on to other cells. there is some 100 trillion of these connections in the adult brain that constantly being formed, strengthened or dissolved again. to day scientists think different parts of the brain are responsible for different functions. the brain stem controls are vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate. the cerebellum controls of fine motor skills.

emotions are located primarily in the limbic system. long term memories in the hippocampus. the cerebrum consists of 2 hemispheres. it's why the regions for hearing vision, speech, spatial thinking and body perception are located. and it's probably where our personality is also found. the interaction between regions of the brain is complex. to have a conversation, the brain must 1st hear the sounds, interpret those sounds to be words, and then understand them. a response is often composed of emotional reactions, memories and calculations, which are formed into sentences and finally translated into movement impulses for all speech children's. yet, despite all the intense research on the brain, this fascinating organ still remains. for the most part, a mystery. our knowledge of the human brain has changed over

time. for a long time research his belief, we use only 10 percent of our brain. today we know that that isn't true. different parts of the brain are active at different times. and another assumption was that the brains of men and women are fundamentally different . is that really true and move to this day? classic gender roles remain deeply embedded in various cultures who men are from mars and women from venus. so they say nothing really different at heart with different abilities. 2 2 2 the anatomical disparity between men and women are

obvious. ah, ah, but are women and men really worlds apart? can modern brain research confirm what we think we know about the sexes? ah, at the youth research center and western germany, scientists have been conducting a detailed investigation into the brain's makeup. they've developed a 3 d atlas that makes neural pathways and other brain structure is visible for the 1st time. some physical differences between men's and women's brains were immediately apparent that forced a size was the most striking structural differences. male brains are bigger than a females, but that doesn't mean men's brains function better more quickly or can do anything better from the i don't. val. specic on

a controversial 2013 study claim to find another difference between the sexes. it revealed that the hemispheres of women's brains are more interconnected than men's . while men apparently have better interconnectivity within each hemisphere. that would explain strengths that are often regarded as specific to each sex like the stereotype that women are more empathetic and men are better at spatial tasks. but louis studies have shown the brains of men and women are not that different. in fact, they have more in common than some might imagine it one does, he did. the differences between the brains of people, of the same sex are much greater than the ones between people with different modest studies are always being cited, claiming women are better with language than men. and that men are better at spatial tasks than on with only the oil. but you have to keep in mind that these samples are often very small than does relatively if you look at a sample of just 2050 or even

a 100 people that won't really give you the full picture. and site does not need this locally should bit. but what exactly is the full picture? thousands of studies have set out to find significant differences in the cognitive skills of men and women the result mm. there aren't really any similarities far outweigh the differences. so do differences and behavior among the sexes come solely from social conditioning . not entirely. anatomical differences can be found in the oldest parts of our brain stem. this is the medial pre optic nucleus, a kind of control center that's only a few millimeters in size. the medial pre optic area is bigger in all male mammals

than in female. once in humans, it's twice as large in males. ah, this region of the brain controls dominance aggression and the sex drive in men is interconnected. and in women, it's not that can manifest itself in desperate behavior. put us alone, you. it could potentially explain why the urge to have spontaneous sex is higher among men than women cause young and why men are also more likely to be physically aggressive. so it seems, there are some intrinsic differences. sokol thing to do, ah, ah, you know,

but do these differences actually alter our behavior? researchers are skeptical. it's often the case that men and women merely use different tactics to achieve the same goals. male: okay, so is it really productive to keep looking for anatomical brain differences to explain differences between the sexes? wasn't i what we should be more interested in is how behavior plays out in real life. that's much more complex and determined by many more factors than can be found in lab experiments with a limited number of samples. we should move away from these rigid differentiations and away from the desire to distinguish between the male and female brain. the shy and tuition dimension and in life didn't ruin our brain changes constantly during the course of our lives, according to what we learn and what experiences we have. whether our behavior or interests are more stereotypically, masculine or stereotypically,

feminine is most likely influenced by our parenting and societal role models. ah, is it possible to change or train our brains? it is, it besides typically proven that with 8 weeks of daily meditation we can alter our brain's study, found measurable changes in the brain regions associated with memory, sense of self and empathy. so cold lifestyle bio hackers have more self optimization methods. what if we could not only improve the body and spirit, but optimize them? bio hacking promises just that escape employee o hocking is all about understanding your own biology and adopting it to your needs . so could 3 traits are crucial. first,

individual responsibility lips for an individual responsibility means that you take care of your own body and don't just leave it up to your doctor, kiva. second being physically active. but if you take a 2 week trip to the alps and climb 3000 meters each day, you're actually bio hackett. mom you again and 3rd, achieving what's known as the flow state. peter lloyd of his wing will sense. a lot of people try to alter their state of mind by taking drugs or other substances unknowns, either kindness, man, but you can also change your consciousness by practicing mindfulness off and exercising. cleaning somebody be phenom. marks. god's law is a great believer in self optimization by legal means. he pays close attention to his buyer rhythms and meticulously plans out his days. his self discipline has paid off, got sla as a successful author and in demand as a public speaker. audrianna,

he calls himself unlike style bio hacker and he is constantly working on improving himself for the regular hobbies that status will get on his regimen starts. first thing in the morning, he bruce bullet proof coffee, which has butter in it to keep his appetite and check then he checks his sleep, tracking up. oh he is he been misled shows me how i slept last night. you can see that my deep sleep was quite good at 24 percent of my total sleep time himself. miss rem sleep was a bit less and i clocked in 7 hours of sleep in total. this critique, that means i'll probably make sure to give myself more time to meditate and unwind this evening. open somebody tear the what the to come. finding a balance is the key, but why is someone who's perfectly healthy so fixated on self optimization? everything he does is for a reason, here he is,

i swimming and february. he claims frigid waters help him reduce body fat. so i as the 1st, the cold shot response kicks in, which causes the body to hyperventilate. i try to consciously call my breathing to help teach myself stress management for one thing that is trustworthy. and of course, it also activates my metabolism, and that is the kinds of suffix of it that we activate. forgot sla i swimming and meditating in the snow, have only one goal, releasing the body's natural drunks. he's also able to experience a flow state in this inflatable tent flow is a mental state in which a person is fully immersed in an activity and they feel great in the process

in floats and done during the 1st phase of the flows. they took their prep, the prefrontal cortex, which is where the ego and self perception of found in the brain is less active. it causing you to mull over yourself less that he said st. nothing's than the 2nd phase to be to brain wave slow down, which puts you in a meditative state constant. also partly due to the increase in the alpha brainwaves. and finally, there's the chemical place in which powerful neurotransmitters are related transmitter min corpuscle. neurotransmitters like dope, amine, serotonin and oxytocin are responsible for the good feelings we have during sex while dancing. and when we exercise brain researcher lucas bonuses take on bio hacking, is a bit more measured. this is not truly was armed us. this no, truly all, nor will it's important to mention that the release of neurotransmitters also changes when our state of mind changes. if laws did the set of low state is

a special state of consciousness in which we experience enhanced concentration on what we're doing at a in time. uh, that's why the flow state is described as pleasant, productive. and sometimes even as ecstatic eve would a much more like starters, proceed to experience x to see some people turn to harmful substances. but gods, not experiences, ecstasy by way of infer red light exercise and even food. he engages in mental training to maintain his inner calm. he says he's well versed in the research on the topic, but those who use the information and tips he provides shouldn't just blindly follow them. molecular scientists, bill ham blah recommends that people listened to their own bodies to diagnose it. the missouri sand caught them this, you presume that you can just perpetually control your own bodily with bio hacking and that you essentially have control over each of its processes. so that's

a viewpoint people shouldn't just except there's a good chance it won't work on it. i mean, as a scientist, i recognize there are many things. i don't know anything about it. all advice but including what long term effects they could have via can get on crap as in god's law under scores that point as well. and emphasizes that nothing will replace taking responsibility for your own life. but it's also important to have fun fun that's challenging, but that doesn't get too out of hand. ah. have you ever been in a flow state? completely focused and yet still relaxed. top athletes are starting to capitalize on the advantages of flow. now they're not any exercise their bodies, but their minds as well with nero feedback training. i cy, i'll focus when the tone sounds,

it means that amy la jacob is in what's known as a flow state. it's the state in which his body can perform optimally. when furthest over or, and you feel at one with yourself in that state, you can just listen to yourself and your own body buffle and couple horse, and we're the e mail. the jacob is pushing himself to new heights with neuro feedback. training. nicholas hoist the uses electrodes to evaluate a jacob's mental state. ideally, he'll be mentally focused, yet physically relaxed at the starting line. as his immediate here, we can see amy's brain activating like you can clearly see his brain activity i just as is what we want is for him to be in the optimal mental status, which is called flow. and kennedy, dental of his best friend start using on this. we can see here that he's almost there also that sometimes he comes out of it and the tone stop sounding. now,

we're just going to give it a try on your market get set. a jacob runs the 400 meter hurtles and dreams of going to the olympics. nicholas hose that says, athletes can use neuro feedback to improve their performance by up to 20 percent. that's what we have. what we want for a meal is not he doesn't start thinking about other things in that quiet moment. before he takes off conflict, we want him to stay focused on to do that. he asked to be secure enough in himself to know that he can arrive at the mental state even on days when he feels a bit uneasy. and that's extremely ras, i verified, answered the brilliant native as already had success with the training. he just once silver of the european athletic strap in chips and his career is still just in the starting blocks along that line, i want to keep pushing myself to my limit. so i can always stay in that flow state and reach it whenever i want to. am i 11 of the 2 brain into top here. then you've got a tank up with the right kind of feel. we know that our brain consumes 20 percent

of the bodies, any potatoes, lentils, and whole grain products are great for brain health. and the 3 foods will show you in our better bite series of real brain blue says ah, presenting 3 brain boosters, 1st of blue berries, berries are rich and play the noise, which helped to prevent inflammation. and they protect our gray matter in the process. in one study, 26 test persons were given concentrated blueberry juice every day for a 12 week period. their brain flow improved, especially in the areas responsible for cognitive function. so how come the answer is probably at the science and anti oxidant contained in many purple colored foods that are linked to

a range of health benefits among them preventing brain cells from aging number 2, green leafy vegetables, an important part of a healthy diet, not least because they're high in lieu time, which is a karate noise. that study show also contributes to brain health. high levels of lou time in the blood are linked to what is called crystallized intelligence. this is the ability to use knowledge and skills acquired over our lifetime. much of our brain function deteriorates. as we age. lou time helps preserve our required intelligence. now the good news number 3 is dark chocolate. in a 2018 study participants consumed 70 percent chocolate daily for 8 days. blood tests identified major changes and activity in 177 genes. genes involved in immune response, neural signaling and sensory perception. dark chocolate is high and calories in

fast, but also proceed on adams. flavor. noise is found in many plants that have anti inflammatory effects. flavor noise cross what's called the blood brain barrier, and have been localized in the brain, particularly in areas crucial for learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. another study established that eating dark chocolate leads to an increase in gamma waves which are related to cognitive function. these foods only work as brain boosters over the long term. so get matching on that cocoa, rich chocolate, blueberries, and of course your greens as soon as possible with do you the question about nutrition, sickness? oh, health and right to us will answer your question with the help of the experts. shoot us an e mail as in good shape at

d. w dot com at drain is the command center for our bodily functions, making brain cancer diagnosis, especially terrifying. even though worldwide, more people die from lung and liver cancer than from brain tumors. operating on a brain tumor is complicated, but robots could make the process a bit easier. with what we see here is a big tumor that has 2 components. there's a solid pot and then this big cyst on top of it. as usual, the head surgeon and his assistant are discussing steps for an operation. they're planning to take samples from a patient malignant tumor. with the help of a modern surgery robot. heard this person either somebody. it makes things

a bit easier for the style and gives the surgeon on the patient greater security. close the incisions, a smaller, it's a win win situation for everyone involved. for that patient, the procedure will be faster and much less invasive than it would have been with traditional methods. the intricate measurements are overtaken by the robot laser scanner. it's give them as a sun now was instructing me to go precisely down the nasal ridge on what is that basically, i go to the exact points, the laser tells me to for me, for lunch. so the combination of man and machine gives the work a special edge offering tomato. the robot thinks in 3 d, it's fed with information about the chima, which it combines with the measurements. it's taken from fixed points on the patient's head. the robot then uses this data to calculate precisely where the doctor needs to drill. now the surgeons and making the final preparatory steps for

the operation the tomorrow it's, we're going to access the tumor from the left side, which is covered. the image is showing that the tumor is dominant on the left. we don't expect major blood loss. so we're good to go without a comma and funk. professor thomas high man guides his assistants during the up, the to initiated this way of working at the hospital. it enables them to work with great precision. these are, these 8 samples are just one millimeter wide, but under a microscope, they're huge and will enable us to make a reliable diagnosis. dot to davinsky withdraws 18 millimeters of liquid from the cyst that had built up on the chima. it's

a huge relief for the brain. the surgeon hopes it will be for his patient as well. thanks to the robot, the procedure takes just one hour instead of the usual to. once the samples have been analyzed, the 2 doctors can decide on the next steps for their patient. with a now it's your turn. went out that fitness mat, personal trainer, aurelia delon is going to show us a new exercise. hello to day we train our beck. so you lay on the floor. lift your feet, demonstrating your arms, and then go with your hands to your but beg, ford. squeeze here, but, and your lower back forward again,

and with your hands to your but ah, with this exercise your trade, your whole back. so you lower back in the most. but you, whole bag with you should do about 50 threats. so do as many as you can do a little break, but any and you should have 50 reps have fun practicing and we'll see you next time. i'm in good shape with ah, with

the dangerous dive was worth said. henri cosca could hardly believe his eyes when he discovered a pre historic cave under the sea. thank 85 ah, it's a treasure,

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our portfolio d w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the fight for market dominance. east this is west. give it head with the w business beyond people in trucks injured when trying to flee the city center. more and more refugees are being turned away and the border families on the reason for these correct only is with people being screened. getting 200 people around the world. more than 300000000 people are seeking refuge. ah yes.

why? because no one should have to flee. make up your own mind. to w. made for mines. ah ah, this is the w news live from berlin. european union promises progress on ukraine's bids to join the e u. e commission chief us live on the line, make up the price trip to kids. vice president brought him is that he wants. he also needs progress on getting more weapons to.