the way we saved them the way we saved them is producing carbon dioxide emissions. and then when those emissions are gone and we have all these techniques restoration, then we'll be able to bring them back. so de vibrance under the sea can as well be preserved. all right, well up next i talk film at looking at the long rivalry between iran and the united states. and don't forget, you can keep up to date with all the latest news on our website, d, w dot com and you can follow on our social media accounts. i'm pablo felice from me on the team here. berlin, thanks for watching. take care and see again at the top for next tar. ah. leonardo da vinci's, mysterious masterpiece. that is perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece in the collection of the louvre. it is the virgin of the rocks. was there another

symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand today? the search for answers starts july 7th, and d, w for ah, ah, this is the story of the war that does not speak its name. a war that started over 40 years ago, but has never officially been declared taxes of the war between iran on the one side and the united states. and israel on the other is both ideological and strategic. a conflict that stirs up passions, presentment and hatred, and word ever to escalate the entire middle east would be effected very possibly

triggering a new global conflict. to understand this potential return of barbaric violence, we must go back in time to unravel the tangled threads of tragedy. seek de elusive truth behind the dogmas and the certainties and tell this story. ah, who's mm. the history of the war began on february 1st 1979, a board of flight from paris to terran. ah,

an old man is praying. this is ayatollah hall. maney. he is preparing to radically changed the history of iran. thick and quantum cupid rotten inches. it isn't easy to talk about the greatness of this figure as one of his enemies once remarked that there had been no one like him for 800 years and there would be no one else like him for another 1000 years old. oh, and i'm not on that for how many historically embodied the people's opposition to the shaw, the all powerful monarch who had reigned over iran for nearly 40 years in exile. for 15 years, the ayatollah was finally returning home for the final battle alongside his people . a revolution and the name of shiite is long a new era was about to begin in the middle east.

he ah, ah, ah, a year before or may not return. an uprising began in tehran, in early 1978. hundreds of thousands of iranians took to the streets to challenge their ruler. ah, demonstrators had had enough of a ruler who bent on making iran a great power, sought to impose western style, modernity on them, either willingly or by force. they viewed it as an unfair and corrupt system that failed to meet the most basic needs of the population. ah, ah, ah,

2 countries had come to embody the imperialism condemned by the demonstrators. 2 countries that supported the shots regime, the united states and israel. today, it is difficult to imagine those 2 countries where the iranian states closest allies yet only to hutch over ferocity local thereon was arguably almost important partner off to the united states in terms of economic intricacies . as we undertook some grand projects with them back in the 1950s, israel had made overtures to the shaw, isolated in an arab world that refused to acknowledge its existence. the hebrew

state was looking for non arab partners, a little further afield in the middle east. iran persian pro western, built on a different kind of islam to the other arab countries, stood out as a natural ally she to, for i a be see, it's hard to imagine now, but it was a very close knit collaboration in cbs. chill only did it look to see that has the most advanced take washington to had chosen to make her on the corner stone of its influence and the retail comes in. so the high degree of military cooperation was designed to keep terran in the western camp. also this was the time of the cold war, of course, and the iran was a major arena of soviet competition. so yes and this i was close to america because he felt that he needed the american

support in confronting these ussr and mentoring his government in power for both tel aviv and washington iran under the shaw was an invaluable partner. the key piece in the great middle eastern game, but neither israel nor america realised the extent and strength of an opposition that was destined to prevail. it about them again, and i mean when i spoke with the generals, they would tell me, look what it's like measles are. so we're seeing demonstrations at the moment. that's the way it is. a show mill on the shaw has asked us to sort it out because he's the military chief. i knew well where sorting it out with the buyer.

the blindness and incomprehension of a regime based with such a powerful and determined uprising was heading for tragedy. that day black friday, the shaws army opened fire in the streets of terran, the official death toll was $87.00, but according to opposition estimates it was closer to $4000.00 the monarchy had just revealed it's true face ah, the revolutionary process was underway. and now there was no stopping it regarded as supporters of the shop is railey and american expatriates became targets and began to leave the country. lou protestors attacked cafes,

restaurants, banks, and cinemas, western symbols of modernity associated with the stronghold israel and the united states had on their country ah, tearing on the monarchy, breaking ties with washington and tel aviv rejecting western style modernity. all of these objectives combined into a single battle gradually, as the movement began to pick up the momentum and that it was a movement in need of leadership in need of immediate the person, the fit, the bill seemed to have been. i don't know how many, ah, i have to say that not only that different factions of islamic movement followed i to lawful mania and jointer. but the other factions of their movement as the like

hash them, like marxist. all factions supported out to local may me as the leader of that revolution. oh wow. wow. the time had come for how many to realize his dream, the introduction of a radical doctrine at establishment of an as lama republic, a theocracy, wherein the ultimate power lay with a religious authority, the supreme leader, him ah, ah. blue

o many set foot on iranian soil, ready to deliver the fatal blow to the monarchy. ah, nothing. and no one could stand in his way. ah, it's was shocking. it was really shocked. about 10000000 people came to the streets of terra. this was the biggest welcoming ceremony ever during that history. as long as i had amendment in need you to come to will come in and everybody looked at him as the leader of the lucian and cut his matic leader and a man of god at the same time. and that he will rescue the

country. and we will have eyes on the air. ah, maney was now the man who embodied the legitimacy of power. especially as the shaw weakened by ill health had departed the country 3 weeks earlier. a month i was gonna let you know that the 1st one in mid left, the red eye on monday to do anything with 10 days later, after only 48 hours of fighting in the streets of toronto, the overthrow of the iranian monarchy. the shaw had ruled over for 37 years was complete. ah,

the revolution had achieved a total victory. ayatollah hor manny was the country's new leader. i i had not done. the revolutionaries immediately attacked the enemies identified by the new regime. with the israeli diplomatic mission sacked and completely devastated it's $33.00 members. were the last, israeli still in iran. they travelled in small groups to the hilton hotel in central terren where a bus was waiting to take them to the airport. a distance of some, 17 kilometers, 17 kilometers through a hot bed of revolution. she vasa kilometer 17 kilometers. you run 10000000 iranians on either side of the road. you're all with tomatoes and eggs. yes. in the bus,

there was the driver and 2 iranians with kalashnikov. our bus moved on, they thought it was a revolutionary bus. not a single egg or tomato was thrown below bates of hud in on reaching the airport. they boarded the aircraft. but just as the plane was about to take off j u m, a thought ordered the climb, those to the engine started and it began to taxi with only all of a sudden it stopped on the doors opened and armed revolutionaries botched in again i thought to myself, what is it this time that they wanted to carry out? one final check. i don't know what for then they closed the door me to call for as long as we were over iranian territory at a mood remained tenant. once we cross the border of the, is riley's in rush into cheers, should isolated him loo

. meanwhile, the israelis arch enemy yasser arafat leader of the pillow. the palestinian liberation organization was arriving in tehran, welcomed like a true head of state. ah, arafat had become leader of the p l. o. in 1969, it stated ambition was to create a palestinian state, independent of its era backers. from his base and lebanon, arafat had been leading his fate. i am his fighters into guerrilla actions on the northern border with israel. now he had come to seek the support to khomeini, a man he hoped, could help palestinians achieve their independence. presently, it says complete the order of physic odyssey. this is a lot, said don,

complete ah, by inviting arafat to tehran, how many was sending a powerful message to the entire muslim world? from now on? iran would be supporting the palestinian cause ah ah many then took up provocative initiative instead of an israeli diplomatic presence. there would now be a palestinian embassy. it was a clear statement. ah, with this gesture, the ayatollah was severing all links with israel. a state whose existence had no legitimacy for him. any strategic alliance between israel and iran was now unquestionably

a thing of the past. the united states recognized the young islamic republic. but in washington, there was concerned about what kind of relations would be possible with a ron's new rulers. within the american government, there were differing opinions. some thought that community was her extreme ha, ah, force as it would be very difficult for us to, to deal with. i think most people still thought of iran as a country that you know, we could continue to get along with that, even though the shawl was gone, that of you know, week we would maintain relations. we had our embassy there. then a november 4th, 1979, hundreds of islamist students, storm, the american embassy taking $52.00 diplomats hostage.

ah well, many was hesitant. would he support these students and risked seriously jeopardizing relations with the united states? would he support them to keep control of the movement with john jolla osbourne learning address from seattle until joseph shawn, sharon hesh, gunter, as even then when he saw rotation, but are you the true kish rashondra or when the hostage crisis occurred? it made clear, i think that we were largely unprepared to deal. ready

with the nature of iran at that point, and the fact that a, the anger that was there and reflected in that hostage crisis up, i think suddenly brought iran to the top of further concern. so we had about of our situation, the world. ah, the last hostages were finally freed, after 444 days by supporting the students. how many made the u. s embassy hostage taking act 2 of the revolution? it became one of the founding myths of the new regime, widely seen as the main reason for the break down in us iranian relations. a new middle east was taking shape. nothing would ever be the same again. karen's

ambitions and interests were on a collision course with washington and televi. a great clash was looming. ah, me. on this day, nearly 90000 israeli soldiers, 1300 tanks and 1500 personnel carriers, invaded lebanon. a country seemingly unconnected to the emerging confrontation between iran, israel, and the united states. a toner part by civil war for many years. lebanon had become a regional battle ground. syria occupied a part of the country to the east. but in the south, especially the p. a low was all powerful. the palestinian organisation had made the area it's operational base for instigating deadly rates against israel. on june 6th,

1982 tel aviv launched operation piece for galilee. the objective was spelled out loud and clear to seize control of southern lebanon, and thus put an end to the gorilla operations launched by arafat fed. again. we kept here full fight and destroy. let those organizations have been killing and murdering all paper for you. some years is our goal here. arial sharon, recently appointed minister of defense, was leading the offensive to his fellow countrymen. he was a hero who had been at the forefront of every military victory. israel had won since its inception in 1948. i'm gonna finish it or move immediately back. we don't

have indoor. i mean for travel to stay here. of our country. they dont need even one score into his country. within a week, sharon had far exceeded the initial objectives as his army made rapid advances. 2 turan looked on stupefied with israeli troops advancing towards the lebanese capital. the balance of power in the middle east was radically shifting for hominy. it was unthinkable. but how should he react engaged in an all out war against iraq after the attack launched by saddam hussein

2 years previously in september 1980. the youngest law mc republic would be forced to fight for its survival for 8 long years. and what became known as the iran iraq war. at this stage, the iranian leader did not have the resources to open another front against israel in lebanon. khomeini issued a statement justifying this decision, saying de wrote to oates, which is jerusalem goes through cabella, which was a religious way of expressing a deeply strategic decision. meaning 1st things 1st the aspiration for iran to play some role in the liberation of jerusalem comes after. yvonne has managed the feast in beirut. heavy shelling was now falling on the west of the capitol, where arafat and most of his troops had taken refuge.

poop ah! part of the city was raised to the ground. thousands were dead, mostly civilians. on august 21st 1982, the israeli seeds ended yasser . arafat played a final visit with west bay route headquarters defeated arafat departed lebanon, and went into exile in tunisia with 10000 of his bed. again. they were replaced by a multinational force composed mainly of us and french troops, tasked with ensuring the safety of the lebanese capital.

for sharon and prime minister monochrome begun, the palestinian question was settled. they could now proceed with their secret objective of transforming lebanon. the multi faith country would become a christian state, led by the maronite minority. this new lebanon would be a powerful state, and above all, and ally, ah, but their plans would unknowingly awaken another lebanese community, the largest in the country. the shy community, ah, settled mainly in the east and in the south of lebanon, the shiites had suffered directly from the invasion and israeli occupation. some resolved to take up arms and resist fear, donati,

it was my belief in 1982 the son that israel was an enemy, and they said, i eli, do what i supported the palestinian course of the year. and for this i considered myself to be on their side and if he had the al honda now im cassim was then 29 years old. a chemistry teacher in beirut. he was leader of the union of islamist educational associations, associate organization. or was it not an image for many who were for us thinking of him. um huh. maney chimed perfectly without the police let the not mean behalf as we got together with some of his le missed groups and came to an agreement. how to get slimy. yeah, well my smartest lemmy a can at module the feudal, none. whether he went to iran to proclaim our willingness to pledge allegiance to her mom, or maybe to allow him to be our guide. and to respect his authority, he then lena and he gave us his blessing, walkman, baraka,

a. how many welcome to this alliance, it would allow him to better fight the jewish state. it was an obvious union, given his old and deep ties, but the lebanese shines ah, many of the leaders of the revolution in iran who became a top positions after we should have revolution. they had very good background in lebanon before evolution. good connection, which cheer people in the ha, you know, she's them in south of lebanon is older than she is in iran. ah,

in the summer of 1982 lebanese, she, a leaders gathered in the city of bol beck and the baker valley, located in the east of the country to set up a new organization to fight israel with the backing of how many it called itself. the islamic resistance and lebanon. mm. it officially took the name hes bullock, 3 years later, in 1985 healy mckinney had of his will love the, i'll be the you who are the us has bullet initial objectives were military men. it was not only about offering armed resistance against the israelis, and with the rather to end the occupation by any means necessary men and drive them out of lebanon as lucky to help the new organization. iran sent a few 100 revolutionary guards to the baker valley. in the summer of 1982. these

men were part of the elite body created at the birth of the islamic republic and charged with its defence. it reported directly to the supreme leader. while these elite soldiers did not actually fight, they supplied weapons money and know how their presence also implicated another country whose army had a presence in this part of lebanon, syria to reach the baker valley. the men benefited from the help of the dictator hafez assad. another fervent opponents of the state of israel in this way, how many was establishing? what would prove to be a strategic alliance for many decades to come? the partnership with syria, they began organizing the high school. they began organizing, ah, that, and alliance with the asset they began selling,

but giving away oil to asset to buy a relationship with asset because they began to think about what they cost their strategic depth. they want it to have tools at their disposal to threaten israel with, which meant threat them do united states way and say if you hit us, we can hit you back. and then by creating the has went up, they hit both the use israelis and the united states in levin. what took root in the confines of the baker valley? was a veritable system of alliances, or a system set up by iran with the help of syria. a system that created a new political entity has bhalla a system which would later give rise to the powerful iran syria, his polar axis in the middle east. but for the moment,

nobody was aware of the emergence of this system, least of all, the americans and his railways. ah, dear cartoon, southern lebanon, about 10 kilometers from the israeli border. at around $630.00, a. m. a white post show stuffed with explosives, leaves the villa heading towards tire. the largest town in the region at the wheel is a young 18 year old resistance fighter and member of hes bought his name is off mont casea shouted at brothers hear the noise, ken osland osmond casea, had always been a quiet person. let him in and know, but he could not keep silent in the face of injustice. misled even as an on she,

he lived in saudi arabia at the time, but returned to lebanon after the israeli invasion. alamosa lucia started. our uncle tried to hold him back, telling him that a war was raging with my mother, but his reply was, i know what i must do and run about a shooters and comma. within a matter of moments, this unknown young man would become a hero and the she, i to struggle against israel. what is known here as a shaheed, a martyr of the resistance. he was about to commit a bold act that had no precedent in lebanon. one that was both religious and political but not the memo fee. some unfair to sent me at them in 1982 as we inevitably lost in any direct confrontation with this royal. whether we have no way of striking back. and then he saw bob when we could only get some way by taking a new or effective approach. she,

i'm an axe of martyrdom. i'm illinois who an ominous dish, handy 7 am november 11th, 1982 off. marcia drives along the main thoroughfare through tire. without hesitation, he accelerates and crashes himself and his vehicle into a large residential complex. ah, the israeli military headquarters for the whole of southern lebanon collapsed. ah, a 7 story building demolished? ah, physical mark i picture of the lustoria should. oh it was shooting over to la so so her good though sheila of good folks. augusta circle source

i work with smith grove over at the foot. lowest version of it. oh, good afternoon. so i should see locally girls, the sher she wanted to meet with the hulu shook with closer to them with them. and i can before con, run, i can ma 100. at the time we had a grocery store entire. i've been in fisher, i was on my way there when the explosion happened a month out. now, never forget it. and okay, there were pieces on fire everywhere. 12 of the kids, the whole building was on fire. the jews had blocked the st. louis, we were proud that something was finally happening a year, although we didn't know what about in leukemia. ah no, and nathan, we were occupied. no, no, i mean we were glad that some of the occupiers died. you can fish, but we were nervous because we didn't know who was behind it. we didn't know it was

my brother, osmond mac, and i will never forget the moment i found out thus had among the loose ah, it was carnage. $91.00 israeli soldiers and 15 lebanese prisoners were killed ah, ariel sharon was mystified. how could something like this occur when the only known enemy? the p a low had been crushed more than 2 months ago. a hut abuse old jamila g derench is o. b gua hub, lenny could sunday the mug deal. it's much devotional asha for your color. i'm. mm hm. michelle law is myself kind of small. let me say, and only a new demons they up to go humbling. you know, the hotmail matter waterloo, but at ocoee law, the dakota, it me not that they all result. i mean,

you nash fisted, what are some know, i shop to live a day. she lot the low of it a couple the blue bill down lower than a clue. we had no information. the toyota. it was very unfortunate in retrospect the over the above and mushy. i knew there was some religious activists or she is i'm we knew and should not of us, we didn't, you can me him or if come with welcome. oh, oh oh, really well, good luck with shock. worse and when i began to research written records on the shiites in lebanon, compiled by intelligence academic. unless you may actually went on it because i was very disappointed on the whole mill. there was almost no solid research on the

subject a, unless you may relevant on, but so far has lot. michelle keep the university said nothing. eva gumbo. i buy a darker than me, hobby, or alice usually when lou, the multinational force in lebanon, led by the americans and french, was just as unaware as the israeli military. on october 23rd 1983. it was their turn to suffer a similar attack which on bomb devastated the 4 story buildings in which 200 marines may have been sleeping when the explosion occurred shortly after 6 am be routine. the americans lost 241 soldiers. at the same moment, a suicide bomber blew himself up in a building, serving as a barracks for the french forces. 58 were killed. ah, a double strike claimed by

a mysterious islamic jihad movement bought to be a figurehead for hezbollah and iran. i think there, there is much that indicate that the iranians did have a role if not a very important role in that indication about responsibility. yes, we have some that we're not gonna point the finger in for absolutely certain. but i think the thing that does come through loud and clear as they just the insidious nature of kara international terror with this new attack, the hezbollah, shiites could no longer be ignored. they saw themselves as a resistance movement against israel and its allies. i recall his bola, seeming to be a domestic factor, and then by the mid 19 eighties, it was clear that there was this pipeline i arms material,

men coming from the iran o hostages, going from lebanon to iran, and political support. so this was an emerging phenomenon. la, ma'am. hello, mr. emotional, need from the start, you know, the iranian fights is small enough to understand that you cannot create an armed militia without the support of the local population leashed really a v m, the iranians. constructing what i would call a countess lighting alongside the ordinary lebanese type. go to work on it. i dial ha will utility of his butler dillard lowly walks like this child is born with. you should, he goes to a hospital, they care for the wood, then he goes to a has below school. then he joins the has fullest cow. shortly after that he

attends a, has been a high zulu elizabeth physical and then he joins hes paula. but who is that, hulu? mm. ah, he is really, we're counting 600 men dead in 2 years. it was a prize. many were not prepared to pay. ah, the israeli army gradually lost control of lebanon. on june 6th, 19853 years after the start of the invasion, the israeli army pulled out preserving a security zone in the south, an area representing 10 per cent of lebanese territory. the israeli army remained

there for 15 years until 2000. it saw this withdrawal as a humiliating defeat. while for his ballade, it marked a 1st victory. ah, ah, the shiite organization chose the moment to claim responsibility for the destruction of the tire headquarters, bombing. the name of the shahid was also reveal hoffman casea. o november 11th, the day of the attack became the movements official martyrs day. ah, when ayatollah hominy passed away. in june, 1989, he left a lasting legacy. the shy theocracy which he had founded 10 years earlier had been firmly established,

and the fight he initiated against israel and the united states had, with the help of hes bulloch. profoundly changed the landscape in the middle east. but moving forward, what would his successors do with his legacy? ah ah ah, with

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