tv highlights is selected for you. you every week in your a box. subscribe now. the resurrection of jesus christ. obama go bavaria, the world's largest passion play is back. every 10 years, visitors come from all over the world to see the staging of the biblical story. and this time, it's more up to date than ever. obama go village and it's passion for letters. restored july 3rd on d. w. on this glittering new edition of tomorrow to day i'll reporter investigates how c o 2 can be turned into diamonds. and we visit is with research institute testing how to treat household wastewater, so it can be re used passing water consumption in ha,

but fust, we caused our eyes to al, to space and ask, are they ways to prevent an asteroid from hitting oh, hello and welcome to tomorrow to day, the science show on d. w. on the 15th of february 2013, the russian city of chile albin school was hit by an asteroid. ah, as the words based on right is a civilian with medicine, i was already asked me. this brings you a big luggage and it was the shock wave caused massive destruction. windows shattered hundreds of people were injured by flying glass shards,

thousands of buildings were damaged. some walls even collapsed. scientists estimate that the asteroid was 20 meters in diameter, roughly the size of a 5 story building. it weighed more than $10000.00 tons. and there even bigger rocks hurtling through space. in 19 o 8, a massive asteroid exploded over siberia. it had a diameter of 70 meters and destroyed an area of the size of a washington d. c. scientist, to explore the remote area in later years, found millions of trees that had snapped like match sticks. so asteroids do pose a real threat. what can we do to defend our planet asteroids or chunks of rock or metal? the orbit, our solar system in a zone between jupiter and mars, called the asteroid belt. the asteroid belt is composed of millions of pieces

and, and most of those pieces are actually very small. that's gretchen benedicts. she's been studying asteroids for more than 30 years. there's millions of them. they are small in total. the millions of pieces actually make up less of less mass than the mass of the moon. like planets, asteroids formed around 4500000000 years ago from cosmic dust, because they're so small, they don't have an atmosphere. so let's get the name straight. an asteroid is a space rock. when it enters the earth's atmosphere, it's called a meteor. and if it survives the drip and hits the ground, it's called a meteorite. in order to identify potentially dangerous asteroids. space organizations like nasa and isa are constantly on the lookout. we have opposite observatories all around the earth, from the telescopes that we observe,

the night sky. this is elena adams. she's a space systems engineer at the johns hopkins university, applied physics laboratory. and then night after night, you come back and you see what things have moved in the sky and that are not the stars. when they discover a new asteroid, astronomers measure its brightness and the speed to calculate its orbit. then they try to estimate whether the asteroid is on collision course with earth. that can be quite challenging. remember, most of them are quite small. that makes them very hard to spot. and they're only visible when they reflect the sunlight. that's why most asteroids are only visible at night when they're speeding towards the earth with the sun behind them, they're almost impossible to spot. it's like looking into a car headlights. the best way to spot them, it's actually in the infrared weighed likes, but we don't have infrared telescopes on earth. the best way to do it is actually

from space. so you're able to look around the whole space and using infrared technology. look for dark objects that are glowing. there is another challenge. asteroids can change their course. for example, they react to the gravity of planets. this is so many moving parts. the earth is going around on an orbit. it's not just standing still. everything else is going on and orbit and, and those everything kind of interact with each other. and so, wobbles occur. so far, scientists have discovered almost $30000.00 asteroids whose orbit brings them close to earth. around $2200.00 of them are considered to be potentially dangerous because they're larger than 140 meters. they would cause considerable damage on earth. when you detonate 500 tons of t and t, you get

a massive explosion. but that's tiny compared to an asteroid, measuring 20 meters in diameter. that would compare it to $500000.00 tons of t and t. an asteroid of this size, 150 meters, would create an even bigger explosion. equal to 300000000 tons of t and t. that's enough to destroy a large city. asteroids measuring 10 kilometers in size are called global killers. when they hit the explosion would compared to 100000000 mega tons of t and t, it would have global consequences. and this threat is not just theoretical. 66000000 years ago, an asteroid measuring roughly 10 kilometers struck the mexican peninsula. the

impact created so much dust that the climate changed only 25 percent of animal and plant species survived. so asteroids can create massive destruction. there would be a shockwave that could go potentially very far, like global any on the size. and the other thing is the earth, 70 percent, lot water. so the odds are that are rock will hit water. so what we might have to worry about more than anything is money. and it doesn't make a difference whether they reach the ground or break up in the atmosphere. the effect would be so catastrophic that space agencies from around the world have set up planetary defense centers. but what can we actually do to avoid being hit by an asteroid? everything depends on the timing. if the impact is estimated to be in less than one

or 2 years, there's not much you can do other than evacuate the area. but if the asteroid is discovered 3 years or more from the estimated impact, then space agencies would have just enough time to prepare. in the case of a smaller asteroid, they could attempt to change its flight trajectory of you centimeters could be enough. the thing is, is in those orbits a little change here is a big change around the other side. so if you can make a little, if you have enough time, make a little change here. you can have a big effect along the way. and that's what the planetary defense mission is trying to do right now. nasa and isa have sent satellites to an asteroid called dd most. it's orbited by a moon called d morphis. the aim is for one of the satellites to collide with the moon to make a change its orbit. what you're doing is you're hitting the moon of the larger

asteroid, and all you're doing is just changing, just giving it a flick. so you're changing the orbit around the larger asteroid you're, you're slowing it down. and then it falls into a smaller orbit. um, around the larger asteroid. to be clear, the to asteroids don't pose any danger to earth. this is just a test run. so we can save our plan at the next time we spot an asteroid, heading our way. another option would be a so called gravitation tractor. a small spaceship could fly next to the asteroid using its gravitation. it could cool the asteroid out of it's dangerous trajectory . but there is a cabbie, it, it would only work for small asteroids. if we spot an asteroid, bigger than 400 meters in diameter, heading our way. the only option is

a nuclear weapon. and no, that does not mean blowing it up like they do in hollywood. movies no, that's a bad idea because you create a whole bunch of chunks that are still going to go on the same trajectory towards earth. you will also not take bruce willis with however, what you can do is i, you would detonate something. i charge a nuclear charge in this case, fairly close to the asteroid to what you're creating is just a shockwave. and the shock wave will push the asteroid out of its way. it will not destroy the asteroid, but it will make it miss earth. and then there are a few other as yet untested ideas. a huge laser beam that would nudge the asteroid onto a different course. another option is to paint part of the asteroid. then the sun's

radiation could push it out of the way that could cause a change, a deflection, but it's also very hard. you have to see if that's the right color change. and then, i mean, you need a lot of time for that were not super promising, but not an option. but in case you dread going to bed tonight. here is the good news. so far, scientists have only identified small asteroids septic aligned with our planet, and the next 100 years. most of them will burn up as shooting stars and our atmosphere. so make a wish that there is no big rock lurking behind it. ah, scientists are also keen to study asteroids to find out more about the origins of our solar system. in 2014 a japanese space probe, set out on a 300000000 kilometer voyage to the asteroid. re you go. the higher booster to

mission took samples from the asteroid, so they could be studied back at home in december 2020. the capsule containing the samples arrived back on us. so far, scientists have found more than 20 amino acids in the sample. the building blocks of life. what's more, asteroids often contained precious metals and rare herbs. so one day we might well be mining raw materials in outer space. ah, when it comes to clean water, then we need to focus our attention back here on us and figure out ways to conserve this precious resource. in some regions, ground water is already depleted. that's according to his study carried out by the world resorts institute, using data from 189 countries, or some countries are particularly high risk of voters stress shown here in

orange. the situation is especially dramatic in places like cutter israel, lebanon, and iran. saving water is more important than ever and in a special house in switzerland, new technologies being tested to do or when it comes to conserving water. this building is setting a new standard. that's because the researchers here are determined to prove that waste water is not waste but a valuable resource at the nest, modular research and innovation building and zurich researchers are developing and testing sustainable new housing technologies at the swiss federal institute of aquatic science and technology. airbag environmental engineer, corina doth, is one of the researchers investigating how domestic water consumption can be

reduced to a minimum. does main focus is waste water. but a bassette and tell c, f waste water contains a lot of valuable resources. there's the water itself, as well as the nutrients and energy in it. if we can separate the waste water streams at the source, then we can treat them more easily and recover those resources of a source for cooked. so given in the nest housing modules, the researchers divide the waste water into different categories depending on how polluted it is. this is duncan smallest, this is an ordinary kitchen sink. what's special here is that the waste water flows into a separate pipe, litle up. we call this waste water heavy grey water because it has a relatively high fat content at the researchers don't want the grease fats and oils to mix with other kinds of waste water. that will make it easier to treat the

heavy grey water the water from the bathrooms is also kept separate according to category, thus aff aff waste water from the shower and the bathroom sinks is called light green water because it's only lightly contaminated with so as opposed to heavy grey water, which has a higher fat content. so the light grey water goes down a pipe of its own things get more complicated when it comes to waste water from the toilet. a special no mix toilet separates the urine or yellow water from the black water containing feces and toilet paper. and the yellow water runs along the toilet wall into its own separate pipe. the black water flows into a different pipe network at the back moon

. the various wastewater streams then flow through separate pipes to what's called the water hub. the heart of the national research facility, the hub, uses different technologies to treat the different kinds of waste water. in a bio reactor, the organic matter in the light and heavy grey water is decomposed by bacteria and purified as much as possible. and the process is similar to what happens in the municipal water treatment plant in the hands of the cover, we treat the gray water so that it can be reused right here. we have a membrane bio reactor in which bacteria work to decompose the organic matter of fact. so and then having the animal. and here's a membrane that filters the water to remove viruses and bacteria. but to pick

a house of ever in and when the next step, an activated carbon filter sift south organic substances at the end of the treatment process, the reclaimed water is not bure enough to drink, but it's perfectly good to shower was long. ready oh, in the water hub, yellow water is treated for re use as a fertilizer. urine contains many valuable nutrients, including potassium, calcium, and nitrogen. here for the theory, this is where we produce hurdle iser from urine. behind me you find the nitro vacation reactor, where the urine is stabilized, the nutrients remain in the liquid, but there is no longer an unpleasant odor. natalie uranus passed through this activated carbon filter, which sifts out micro pollutants because it will find nicole health care filter. one social, finally, the liquid is evaporated or distilled, which leaves behind

a concentrated liquid fertilizer conference, hot tub. the black water is treated to remove the liquids and unpleasant odors. what's left behind can be turned into pellets better, energy dense, and can be used as fuel and heating systems. for example. it's hope that one day the technology used in this water hub could reduce fresh water consumption by up to 50 percent, relieve the burden of municipal wastewater treatment plants and recover valuable resources. but can onside systems like this be used on a large scale? is always ever worth it. ah, also sophistic that we want to develop ways to close the water cycle and nutrients cycles, so that we can recover resources from it intern wastewater into a valuable resource. vasa of uneventful level sources. the question of the cost of

optimizing the cost will be addressed at a later stage when we get to the point of implementing these technologies on a commercial scale. so waste water is more than just, it's a resource here at nest. the researchers are determined to find ways to harness it . if i let is read why i gave you. now it's your turn. if you have a science question voice wanted on said, send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, you'll get a little surprise as a thank you. come on to start. antoniette reyes from el salvador wants to know how our deserts formed around one 5th of the earth's land mass is covered with deserts. areas in which few or no plans can grow. most of the deserts are found in the some tropical zones,

to the north and south of the tropics. like the sahara dry cloudless air flows to these areas from the equator, bringing with it heat and aridity the whole year round. china is home to the gobi, what's known as a rain shadow desert. the himalaya mountain range, which lies in the south act like a cloud barrier, allowing little precipitation to pass over its peaks. cold ocean currents can also lead to the formation of deserts liken namibia on the west african coast by preventing moist air from coming ashore. even the polar regions are deserts, very little precipitation falls here, and it's so cold that water vapor freezes right in the air. so deserts mainly emerge due to

a lack of water. their areas which received less than $200.00 millimeters of precipitation per year. but global warming is changing the amount of precipitation. it's distribution and intensity that can lead to the expansion of existing deserts or the creation of new ones. humans are playing the greatest role in this desert of vacation with its thirsty crops. industrial farming not only harms the soil but consumes a vast amount. the water to such intensive farming lent the rawls see to dry out. it's once fertile bed is now seal it up in many regions of the world, the ground water table has fallen dramatically. raising livestock also promotes desertification to many animals grazing. a meadow harms the vegetation, which protects the soil in south america. rain forests are being clear to sell the

wood and raise cattle after their slashed and burned. the meadows can only be used for a short time before the soil loses its fertility. each year the deserts expand by some 70000 square kilometers a surface, the size of ireland, or lake victoria in africa. ah, sorts of ways of the study to remove the greenhouse gas c o 2 from the atmosphere like carbon capture and storage. the idea is that carbon dioxide from factory emissions, for example, it would be stored permanently, and coal mines old reservoirs, or deep se, line aquifers. the direct air capture method is one promising approach and several pilot projects are underway and the biggest one is an iceland and it's operated with geothermal energy. it pumps the carbon dioxide to 1000,

meet his underground after it's been sucked out of the atmosphere by try and fasten in the point of source capture method. the c o 2 emissions are captured directly at large sources like up this power plant in scotland. the carbon dioxide is then transported through an actual pipeline and finally stored permanently deep underground. but there are other rather unusual ideas out there for capturing c o. 2. as i reporter, augment cannady found out hey, have you heard of this? you can reg, diamonds out of the greenhouse gas, godwin dioxide. no joke. you can actually mine the sky. will at least then for the red ribbon se, so there is this for you. the idea came of bow thinking about carbon

capture and realize we had to lock it into something permanent. and that led me to think dimes most per form of carbon, transforming thin into sparkling diamonds. so somehow magical order. ladies and gentlemen, let's make some diary dated. it's your turn, how does it work that we capture rain water and we split it to make hydrogen we. we don't need the oxygen. we capture c o 2. and we feed hydrogen and c o 2 into another machine that makes me think, but it's basically the gas is that we feed in a super high temperature, which then enables the carbon in the mean time to drop out and form the crystalline structure. and in 2 weeks, you dimas,

out of the island, are symbols of purity, cause that could effect it. no. but then why should i do all this out to me to get one? diamond mining is really destructive process to the environment. the holes are so big. you can see them from all mining industry, digs, 1100 tons of rock to make that one tiny stone. and that whole process emits enormous amounts of see or tool and pollute the environment. ok, thanks for the listen. got it. so if on naming of having a diamond without damaging the environment, i just have to lie in the sky. for

more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology, take out our website or follow us on twitter. that's all for this edition of to morrow to day. thanks for watching and see you again. next time. bye bye. with

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nico experience of their craft join us for exclusive master classes with this week on dw, ah, go, mike speaking, how can this national hatred of a people be explained? a gold hon go? a history of anti semitism is a history of stigmatization and exclusion of religious and political power struggles. christian christianity wants to convert. that is why christianity use the figuring of the jew as little tesla? it's a history of slender, of hatred and violence. is the book is smaller than on the jews were considered servants of evil. we simply told you by the most atrocious chapter. a 3rd of our people were exterminated 6000000 jews,

like microbes to be annihilated. even 77 years after the holocaust hatred towards jews is still pervasive. a history of anti semitism starts july 2nd on d w. b. ah ah, this is debbie news live from berlin. dozens of people are feared dead and injured after a russian missile. it's a shopping center in ukraine against president lumber. zalinski has condemned the attack as another war crime and issued a plea to world leaders for more weapons to fight.