in the country in close proximity to russia. let's find out. i wanted to check in in 30 minutes on d, w. you, john, as you go to use is a thought they will grade you. welcome to a new edition of tomorrow to day. coming up. good vintage technology help reduce airplane emission. can you make environmentally friendly, concrete, out of carbon dioxide and reported finds out and we show how harnessing the wind could help cities cope with climate change. tomorrow to day,

the d w sign show heat waves in the northern hemisphere, reco temperatures around the globe from dubai to delhi, to paris. 2015 with the hottest. yes, those records began. according to the world meteorological organization, it could soon get even more sweltering. but before we take a look at ways to keep cities livable, despite rising temperatures, we hear what our fee will have to say. i do. ready live in a city or a region where it gets really hot. how do you cope what the local authorities do to tackle the problem? that's what we asked you answer. so media ah,

inside rights in el salvador, nothing is being done. everyone just buys their own air conditioner. mm. audrianna into kuta and colombia, says the city is always been hot, so you need to keep hydrated with sunscreen, use clothing and sandal. unfortunately, not much has being done to protect the environment. in another post from the south american country, mary lou's rights i live in katerina columbia. it gets unbearably hot here and there are no initiatives to compensate for the high temperatures. i keep plants inside and out use thermal curtains and a fan ego from answer from indonesia is planning on planting, shade trees in the yard, and suggests it would help if everyone planted a tree. others, sebastian is thinking along summit and ice, and he's going to install the pond and the god from mexico, chavez, gregorio, 7 or 8 rides. i live in the city,

and northern mexico with temperatures can reach 40 degrees and they are rising every year. an additional problem is that water is very scarce. neither previous governments nor the current one have launched any reforestation programs. as far as i know, instead of planting trees, they built more streets and shopping malls, reducing public space and making the city bigger. thanks for your comments. in our 1st we thought we had to hamburg to find out can wind serve as a natural inclination to kate cities. cool. a gust of wind can quickly turn into a bad hair day. urban residents usually only think about wind when it bothers them, but a fresh breeze can also help us feel good in an urban setting. city planners and scientists across germany have been taking a closer look at the complicated interplay between wind and architecture. because

wind is an important parameter for an urban climate. thus, the sooner thus vint a nice thing is that everyone can benefit from the wind. but wind, you can also be difficult in the city and very a lot. but you have to make sure you don't design. i should be in a way that no wind can get through. it all meant up high. it's like us, that'd be fine in winter or during autumn storms. but in the summer, you'd have a buildup of heat with no air circulation from the surrounding area. minimum lansing, also meteorologist akio hansen is collecting data and hamburg port area of, of his focus is on wind. comfort of the idea is that an area needs to be ventilated, but not have wind corridors which make life unpleasant for residence. when this district was planned, wind comfort clearly didn't play a key role. resonate length that we're measuring along this street with the port area. because it has interesting wind conditions at all. i know i am fight,

there's an entree path for the wind, as well as a complex building structure which completely influences the wind complex binds on . thus we see that on the street corner, the wind gusts are up to 3 times as strong as the average wind speed. here i model navy the middle of, of, in, on a typical autumn day wind gusts here can quickly reach up to an uncomfortable 120 kilometers per hour. the data ratings are used to create a computer animation. it shows the high wind speeds and extreme turbulence that develop small changes could help improve the situation. it would, i would try to plant a significant amount of greenery along the key wall. adding trees would help to slow down the wind generally in so name i buttons because you can see that all over the world. urban greenery has many advantages. it doesn't only influence the wind,

but also helps with other phenomena like particulate matter in a minute. the functional but of course it would make more sense to factor in the wind when planning the construction of buildings. that's what kristof clunker from the carlswell institute of technology is working on. he's aiming for optimal ventilation of entire cities. unobstructed corridors are important. so air from the surrounding area can flow into the city at night. him stuck if you'd say bottom in the urban area itself, you have warm air with lower density which rises at the same time. cooler air from the surrounding area is sucked in from the sides of can all, that's very important. so we can all sleep well at night. when it's too hot. we all sleep badly and laughing on inflation. in general, the la, your a city is the hotter it gets densely built up, areas slow down the wind and store heat at night. the temperature difference

between the city and the surrounding area can be as much as 10 degrees celsius. new housing developments can put the necessary fresh air corridors in jeopardy. we turned to another german city, mannheim, almost $1600.00 new residential units are to be built there on the site of a former military barracks. but how well will the quarters behind them be ventilated? following construction, to find out, christoph clunker simulates the night time flow of cold air with a model of the city decay proofed. emily simulate cold air using a heavy gas mixture. cold air has a higher density than hot air goes mom. and so we take normal air and makes it with heavy guess to discuss then we add a miss to it to make it visible. lennon flow slowly into our models, lung from yard. his research shows that demolishing the old military barracks has actually improved the inflow of cold air into the city. the new buildings by

contrast won't block the cold air flow. that's an important factor for efficient ventilation. he marvin the kite goofed off. i'm, whenever a cold air meets an obstacle roof, such as a building included, it can either flow around the building would or its deflected upwards and then flows over the building voided. if its deflected upward, gilding there is a possibility or risk of the colder will mix with the warmer air above it and then the colder will be diluted or the flow stopped. i know for doing that so far, so it's all buildings on the edge of a city should certainly be avoided. who are good boy on that hunt, that often fights with allied global warming and increased urban density pose major challenges for the city. planning of the future scientists are currently receiving funding from germany's research ministry to develop a computer model for wind forecasts designed for use with new building projects. it

features small scale climate models to identify problems early on, so that city planners and architects can factor in wind and ventilation during the design phase. with climate change advancing, we can't afford to repeat the mistakes of the past and was in rejection to alpha. we have to make sure when we build that we take the future into consideration and ensure the buildings can withstand the changed climatic conditions about height. not too dense, not too hot, not to drafty. it's clear that analyzing when conditions in the planning phase is essential to making cities livable in the future. how to best to just to climate change and rising temperature the unit, the humans environmental program, for instance recommends plants and trees to provide shade and lower air temperature for housing. but storms and heavy rain are another result of climate change. so

houses and roofs in particular need to be secured against extreme weather and in regions that are vulnerable to plotting, it makes sense to build more houses on still another recommendation of the un environmental program. but maybe it makes sense to get to the root of the problem. concrete is the most commonly used building material in the world. it's been used for more than 2000 years. it's basic components, i'll cement water and sand. but the drawback is cement to production is a major source of global c o 2 emissions. 3 d printing is one solution. 3 d printed buildings made with real concrete are now a reality. but they're all conflicting opinions on whether or not the process really does cut carbon emissions. either way, research is,

are eager to find ways to reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry. d, w reporter, africa, ology, investigates, and new technology being pioneered by canadians data. hey, ever heard of this? you can build, haul through with gov. ah, no joke. you can make concrete out of carbon dioxide. well, that's what i heard from a startup in canada. wait, that i hear that her. hey madison, can your company really make concrete out of thin air? we can't actually me concrete out of out of been here. but we do is we have a c o 2 embedded or enhanced supplementary semen. titian materials the very long worry, but essentially it's an additive that can replace a portion of cement in a concrete mix. okay? not really concrete odyssey or to, but something that replaces

a part of the cement confused. let's break it down. concrete is basically made out of the ingredients, cement, sand, and water. and it seems to me that it is everywhere. right, madison colgate right now is the 2nd house you substance on earth, other than water. currently, the rate of growth emitted the built environment. it's about equivalent to building one new york city every month while building houses and infrastructure. the great thing with a little problem. this is the bad guy. the production of cement, emits enormous amount of c o. 28 percent of all greenhouse gases are caused by the construction industry. that's huge madison save her company has a solution. a substitute made out of surprising ingredients. industrial waste, like ashes and c o 2. you have to process technology and that

kind of comes in the form of a very large reactor, especially how it works is we put our solid heat into the vessel. and then we pressurized that was c o 2. and you rotate the vessel for a number of hours. okay, let's go industrial risk like ayesha and your to what's happening in the chemical process. the c o 2 molecule minute alive with the industrial arches. it is as if the greenhouse gas force elijah, is a completely different material comes out and it can re please up to 40 percent of the semen. the production does not emit greenhouse gas,

it absorbs it. oh, in other words, the climate damage in greenhouse gas is dropped in the concrete madison. you want to build the future with the waste of today. we project that by 2030 will be able to achieve 600, make tons of carbon reduction. good luck. using cement substitutes can't make the construction industry completely green, but it can at least to make it a bit greener. the cement industry is responsible for even more carbon emissions than flying. but that doesn't let the ation industry of the hook, international air traffic increases every year. even during the global pandemic of its $20000000.00 floods took off worldwide. the move flights there are the more carbon emissions are produced. one way of

making aviation more sustainable is switching to alternative fuels. reduce the amount of fuel used in the 1st place is another option. and that involves the thinking engines. boosting airplanes, fuel efficiency is taking far too long. minor technical improvements have led to a mere a one half percent drop in fuel consumption. up until the pan demmet annual passenger numbers were rising by 5 percent. growth has led to 10 times more emissions than modern aviation technology can conserve. professor dieter schultz at the hamburg university of applied sciences thinks that the industry as far too little to protect the climate. elizabeth taking a gig plan. when was counter this with technology for it's not as if there weren't enough ideas or project. the question was simply whether everything is targeted

enough and whether there's enough technological openness, others can no technology of life have moved. we shall, i may be that we even need to look to the past. i a cocoa in salzburg airport hanger 7 is the last authorized dc, 6 passenger plane and inter continental airplane. we want to know which advantages the ation technology of the 19th forty's had. and if there was anything we can learn from it this douglas dc 6 was yugoslav. dictator tito is a government plane until 19 meeting to day a soft drink producer uses it for air shows and the formula one team uses it for travel. good cynthia, here we are inside our dc 6, which is furnished quite luxuriously with somewhat heavier seats and heavier interior furnishings. to enable more comfortable travel, which we have limited to 35 passengers and crew that on this plane used to carry up

to 108 people. and it's furnished like today's economy class. so me gloss the d. c 6 has a range of 8000 kilometers and a crew speed of 500 kilometers per hour. for its time, it was an outstanding technological achievement. the dates of 650 for the d. c. 6 has fallen by 2 pilots and an on board engineer who sits in the middle and who specializes in operating the flight instruments and who also fine tunes the unlocked. here i'm of the good list here we have the mix regulator law. we can simply set it to fly very efficiently, busy if by some latent to day fuel consumption in aviation is passenger oriented. modern airplanes use on average $3.00 leaders of kerosene per passenger for 100 kilometers. the d. c. 6 was much more efficient than planes today, because piston engines and propellers use the fuels energy much more effectively.

to write this in the movie da shanty if it's input that most people are amazed at how efficient flying was back. then we thought porpoise about $1.00 leaders per person per 100 kilometer. he said he hit the frontier. that's about half of today's fuel use. let's see the all. and you can see how much was done in the 1st 30 years of flying. and how little was done in the following 80 or 90 years. and then at least in terms of fuel efficiency, 6 nights examples with red aircraft in western germany has rediscovered the advantages of the piston engine for airplanes. instead of using jet engines, red aircraft uses ultralight turbo diesel engines. they are twice as fuel efficient as jet engines, and they have an important advantage over turbo jets, which are only efficient and high altitudes. diesels turbo charger also makes it highly efficient during take off and landing. at the moment $25.00 diesel

engines are billed here each year. even though each engine is built by hand, they are 7 times as efficient as comparable turbo jets this diesel technologies full potential has yet to be realised. the red motor shows what it can do with just $95.00 leaders of aviation fuel per hour. this diesel engine is 60 percent more efficient than a turbo jet. within a season we see the diesel engine as future proof and because we can always increase the fuel efficiency fault, we can immediately deploy sustainable fuels. and in order to do justice to the expensive fuel, we can switch to hydrogen combustion. if we can hybridize, we have all these options. diesel is to motion. propellers can also be improved as this bavarian company shows, it's multi blaine propellers have earned it

a global reputation. they're coming from. we go from loud vibrating to blade propellers to 4 to 5 blade ones that are quiet the license. we don't use energy to make noise anymore, but to boost thrust full of and we're working on 79, and 11 blade concepts off to move the whole idea forward. my thoughts to putting a disk on sequence of high tech propellers are a serious competitor to jet engines like victim buffalo. our estimates and simulations sir will be able to deploy a propeller airplane sufficiently up to a speed of about 800 kilometers an hour. given that we're developing this technology, this propeller has potential in terms of the future propulsion systems to pick systemic auto aviation and los angeles shows just how much airplanes using diesel engines and propellers can be improved. company founder william auto uses red diesel engines from western germany and an empty propeller from bavaria. he also

optimize us as plains aerodynamics autos. celera $500.00 l permit inter continental flights at 740 kilometers per hour. and top of that it seems 80 percent more fuel than the competition the element of the roof. but at the legacy at home, the elements that we've seen with the celera what can absolutely be transferred to large passenger planes. here's an example of such an airplane with 180 passengers. what's crucial is that this large plane now has a propeller engine, with a few other technical refinements nestled. he's in the toilet f, as of course it's somewhat slower while and use it was open in particular. it flies deborah doesn't have controls and therefore avoids global warming to a very great extent available in 0 stack. and last, 3 small companies are showing the mighty aviation industry how to build fuel efficient airplanes with modified but familiar technology,

a giant leap forward for climate protection. have you ever wondered why plains need to be di iced in winter? well, frozen contaminants can add weight and interfere with the aerodynamic properties of the plane. take off and landing when the plane passes through cloud are especially critical. 10 kilometers and more above sea level, the outside temperature is freezing minus 50 degrees celsius. and that means there's no more moisture in the atmosphere that can turn to ice on the plane surface. and that leads to the question asked by avila hunter d to dawson, from tanzanian. oh, why is it cold her at high altitudes, even though we're closer to the sun? oh, let's take a closer look at the earth's atmosphere. it's made up of 5 layers. the lowest one

is the troposphere. it's up to 70 kilometers high at the polls, and to 17, near the equator, all it's temperature drops by around 6 degrees celsius per kilometer all, and that's due to the composition of the air. around 99 percent of the atmosphere's water vapor is found in the troposphere. the water vapor aplus, carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases, keep temperatures constant on earth. without them, we'd be looking at an average of 18 degrees celsius. put those 0. the further away we get from sea level, the thinner the air gets. so that means it 1st gets colder. the mountaineers need to bundle up to survive at high altitudes. the top of mount everest gets to minus 60 degrees celsius. so far, at least the higher you are, the colder it guess. now, lips head to the stratosphere,

50 kilometers above earth. here things start to warm up again. that's because the ozone layer absorbs the sun's uv rays and turns them into heat. so temperatures can climb back up to 0. the stratosphere is also where weather balloons take their measurements. and some volcanic eruptions are so powerful that their gas in debris reaches far as the stratosphere next comes the mezzo sphere. there are hardly any ozone molecules here, so the temperature drops again at the top edge of them as a sphere you can get to minus 120 degrees. the cold is spot in the earth's atmosphere. but the energy still dense enough to protect the earth. the friction of the gas molecules burns up all but the biggest mead yours and mostly commission spacecraft and satellite,

also incinerator on re entry. and like turning in the thermos fear and exit sphere temperatures sore all the way up to 1500 degrees celsius. so the higher the colder isn't a universal rule. what matters is the different physical condition at the point in the atmosphere and the chemical composition of the gases there. if our blood is red, why i gave you? if you have a science question, you'd like us to answer, then send it in. if your question is chosen for the show, you also receive a small surprise from us as a thank you. come on just dos. and

if you're interested in more stories on science and tag, you can find us online at d, w dot com slash science. and on twitter, that's it for this week. so thanks for watching and see you next week for another edition of tomorrow to day, until then, goodbye with ah, ah, with

who ah. vacation and the shadow of the ukraine. more glucose steger travels to lithuania and asks themselves, is it still safe to travel here in these times? what is it like in a country in close proximity to russia?

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d w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the fight for market dominance. east this is wes. get his debit head with the w business beyond go, mike speaking, how can this passionate hatred of a people be explained? a gold top? where does it come from? come also that history of anti semitism, he's a history of stigmatization and exclusion of religious and political power struggles in the christian christianity wants to come. that is why christianity you like the figure of the jew as any parent plumber to fly. it's a history of slender, of hatred and violence is the bodies from then on the jews were considered servants

of evil. they simply told you the most atrocious chapter and within 6 years, a 3rd of our people were exterminated in 6000000 jews, like microbes to be annihilated. even 77 years after the holocaust hatred towards jews is still pervasive. a history of anti semitism this week on d. w. ah ah, this is d dublin years and these are our top stories. a gunman has killed and injured several people after opening fire in a mall and copenhagen police of arrested a 22 year old danish man in connection with the incident. they not.