davinci, mysterious masterpiece. ah, this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece in the collection of the louvre and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and a hidden drawing. was there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand? the switch for answers starts july 7th on d. w. welcome to a new edition of tomorrow to day coming up. could vintage technology help reduce airplane emission? can you make environmentally friendly concrete, out of carbon dioxide and report it finds out and we show how

harnessing the wind could help cities cope with climate change. tomorrow to day, the d. w. sun show heat waves in the northern hemisphere, reco temperatures around the globe from dubai to delhi, to paris. 2015 was the hottest years since reco. it's began. according to the world material, logical organization, it could soon get even more sweltering. but before we take a look at ways to keep cities livable, despite rising temperatures, we hear what our fee will have to say. ready you live in a city or a region where it gets really hot. how do you cope what local authorities do to tackle the prob, that's what we asked you on social media ah,

inside rights in el salvador, nothing is being done. everyone just buys their own air conditioner. mm audrianna into kuta and columbia says the city is always been hot, so you need to keep hydrated, wear sunscreen, use clothing, and sandal. unfortunately, not much has being done to protect the environment. in another post from the south american country, mary lou's rights. i live in cartagena, columbia. it gets unbearably hot here and there are no initiatives to compensate for the high temperatures. i keep plants inside and out use them all curtains and a fan ego from answer from indonesia is planning on planting, shade trees in the yard, and suggests it would help if everyone planted a tree. others, sebastian is thinking along similar lines and is going to install the pond and the god from mexico, chavez, gregorio,

7 or 8 rides. i live in the city, and northern mexico with temperatures can reach 40 degrees and they are rising every year. an additional problem is that water is very scarce. neither previous governments nor the current one have launched any reforestation programs. as far as i know, instead of planting trees, they build more streets and shopping malls, reducing public space and making the city bigger. thanks for your comments. enough history course we had to hamburg to find out. can wind serve as a natural inclination tickets, cities cool. a gust of wind can quickly turn into a bad hair day urban residence. usually only think about wind when it bothers them . but a fresh breeze can also help us feel good in an urban setting. city planners and scientists across germany have been taking a closer look at the complicated your place between wind and architecture. because

wind is an important parameter for an urban climate. thus, the sooner the south wind, a nice thing is that everyone can benefit from the wind. but wind, you can also be difficult in the city. and very, a lot of you have to make sure you don't design icbc in a way that no wind can get through. it all meant up high. it's like us, that'd be fine in winter or during autumn storms. but in the summer, you'd have a build up of heat with no air circulation from the surrounding area. minimum lansing, also meteorologist akio hansen is collecting data and hamburg port area of, of his focus is on wind. comfort of the idea is that an area needs to be ventilated, but not have wind corridors which make life unpleasant for residence. when this district was planned, wind comfort clearly didn't play a key role. unless in length, we're measuring along this street with the port area. because it has interesting

wind conditions at all. i know i am fight, there's an entree path for the wind as well as a complex building structure which completely influences the wind complet binds on . thus we see that on the street corner, the wind gusts are up to 3 times as strong as the average wind speed. here i model navy the middle of, of, in, on a typical autumn day wind gusts here can quickly reach up to an uncomfortable 120 kilometers per hour. the data ratings are used to create a computer animation. it shows the high wind speeds and extreme turbulence that develop small changes could help improve the situation. it would, i would try to plant a significant amount of greenery along the key wall. adding trees would help to slow down the wind generally in so name. i'm bookings because you can see that all over the world. urban greenery has many advantages. it doesn't only influence the

wind, but also helps with other phenomena like particulate matter of, you know, mean the functional. but of course, it would make more sense to factor in the wind when planning the construction of buildings. that's what christoph clunker from the carlswell institute of technology is working on. he's aiming for optimal ventilation of entire cities. unobstructed corridors are important. so air from the surrounding area can flow into the city at night im stuck give you a bottom in the urban area itself, you have warm air with lower density which rises at the same time. cooler air from the surrounding area is sucked in from the sides of it. all. that's very important . so we can all sleep well at night. when it's too hot, we all sleep badly and la forgot to finish. in general, the larger a city is, the hotter it gets densely build up areas slow down the wind and store heat. at

night, the temperature difference between the city and the surrounding area can be as much as 10 degrees celsius. new housing developments can put the necessary fresh air corridors in jeopardy. we turned to another german city, mannheim, almost $1600.00 new residential units are to be built there on the site of a former military barracks. but how well will the quarters behind them be ventilated? following construction, to find out christoph clunker simulates the night time flow of cold air with a model of the city decay croft. emily simulate cold air using a heavy gas mixture. cold air has a higher density than hot air dies, vomit. so we take normal air and makes it with heavy guess to discuss then we add a miss to it to make it visible. lennon flow slowly into our models. learn from you . i'm. his research shows that demolishing the old military barracks has actually

improved the inflow of cold air into the city. the new buildings by contrast won't block the cold air flow. that's an important factor for efficient ventilation. he marvin the kite goofed off. i'm whenever a cold air meets an obstacle roof such as a building and we don't, it can either floor around the building would or hoards, deflected upwards and then flows over the building voided. if its deflected upward, gilding there is a possibility or risk of the colder will mix with the warmer air above it, and then the colder will be deluded or the flow stopped fine for doing it so far. so it's all buildings on the edge of a city should certainly be avoided, who are good boy on that hunt, that often fights with allied global warming and increased urban density pose major challenges for the city. planning of the future scientists are currently receiving funding from germany's research ministry to develop a computer model for wind forecasts designed for use with new building projects. it

features small scale climate models to identify problems early on, so that city planners and architects can factor in wind and ventilation during the design phase. with climate change advancing, we can't afford to repeat that mistakes of the past and was in rejection to alpha. we have to make sure when we build that we take the future into consideration and ensure the buildings can withstand the challenged climatic conditions about height . not too dense, not too hot, not to drafty. it's clear that analyzing when conditions in the planning phase is essential to making cities livable in the future. how to best to just to climate change and rising temperature, the unit, the u. n. 's environmental program for instance, recommends plants and trees to provide shade and low in air temperature for housing . but storms and heavy rain are another result of climate change. so houses and

roofs in particular need to be secured against extreme weather and in regions that are vulnerable to cutting. it makes sense to build more houses on still another recommendation of the un environmental program. but maybe it makes sense to get to the root of the problem. concrete is the most commonly used building material in the world. it's been used for more than 2000 years. it's basic components are cement, water, and sand. but the drawback is cement production is a major source of global c o 2 emissions 3 d printing is one solution. 3 d printed buildings made with real concrete are now a reality. but there are conflicting opinions on whether or not the process really does cut carbon emissions. either way,

research is eager to find ways to reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry. d, w reporter off my collage, investigate the new technology being pioneered by canadian starter. hey, ever heard of this? you can build houses with god. a no joke. you can make concrete out of carbon dioxide was that's what i heard from a startup in canada. wait right here. just say, hey madison, can your company really make concrete out of scenario? we can actually me concrete out of out of been here. what we do is we have a c o 2 embedded or enhanced supplementary material, the very long word. but essentially it's an additive. they can replace a portion of cement in a concrete mix. ok, not really concrete odyssey or to,

but something that replaces a part of the cement. confused. let's break it down. concrete is basically made out of 3 ingredients, cement, sand, and water. and it seems to me that it is everywhere. right madison colgate right now is the 2nd house you substance on earth, other than water. currently, the rate of growth emitted the built environment is about equivalent to building one new york city every month. wow. building house has an infrastructure is a great thing with a little problem. this is the bad guy. the production of cement, emits enormous amount of c o. 28 percent of all greenhouse gases are caused by the construction industry. that's huge. madison said her company has a solution, a substitute made out of surprising ingredients,

industrial waste like ashes and c o 2. when you have time to process technology and that kind of comes in the form of a very large reactor, especially how it works is we put our solid heat into the vessel. and then we pressurized that with c o 2. and you rotate the vessel for a number of hours. ok, let's go industrial risk like ashes and your to what's happening in the chemical process, the c o 2 molecule lives with the industrial arches. it is as if the greenhouse gas fossilize, in a completely different material comes out and it can replace up to 40 percent of this human the production does not emit greenhouse gas,

it absorbs it. in other words, the climate damage in greenhouse gas is dropped in the concrete madison. you want to build the future with the waste of today me project that i 2030 will be able to achieve 600 make tons of carbon reduction. good luck. using cement substitutes can't make the construction industry completely green, but it can at least to make it a bit greener. the cement industry is responsible for even more carbon emissions than flying. but that doesn't let the asian industry of the hook, international air traffic increases every year. even during the global pandemic, over $20000000.00 flights took off world why?

the more flights there are, the more carbon emissions are produced. one way of making aviation more sustainable is switching to alternative fuels. reducing the amount of fuel used in the 1st place is another option. and that involves the thinking engines. boosting airplanes, fuel efficiency is taking far too long. minor technical improvements have led to a mere a one half percent drop in fuel consumption. up until the pan demmet annual passenger numbers were rising by 5 percent. growth has led to 10 times more emissions than modern aviation technology can conserve. professor data schultz at the hamburg university of applied sciences thinks that the industry does far too little to protect the climate. elizabeth thinking gigs that we must counter this with technology for it's not as if there weren't enough ideas or project. the

question was simply whether everything is targeted enough and whether there's enough technological openness of us can new technology offline have moved. we shall, i may be that we even need to look to the past. i a cocoa in salzburg airport hanger 7 is the last authorized dc, 6 passenger plane and inter continental airplane. we want to know which advantages the aviation technology of the 19th forty's had. and if there is anything we can learn from it, this douglas d. c 6 was yugoslav. dictator tito is a government plane until 19 meeting today a soft drink producer uses it for air shows and the formula one team uses it for travel. this cynthia, here we are inside our dc 6, which is furnished quite luxuriously with somewhat heavier seats and heavier interior furnishings. to enable more comfortable travel, which we have limited to 35 passengers and crew that on this plane used to carry up

to a 100 people. and it's furnished like today's economy class. so me plus the d. c 6 has a range of 8000 kilometers and a crew speed of 500 kilometers per hour. for its time, it was an outstanding technological achievement. the, the to 650 for the d. c. 6 is flown by 2 pilots and an on board engineer who sits in the middle and who specializes in operating the flight instruments and who also fine tunes the n unlock. here i'm with a good list here we have the mix regulator law. we can simply set it to fly very efficiently, busy if by some latent to day fuel consumption in aviation is passenger oriented. modern airplanes use on average $3.00 leaders of kerosene per passenger for 100 kilometers. the d. c. 6 was much more efficient than planes to day because piston engines and propellers use the fuels energy much more effectively. to

write this in the movie da shantee, if it's input on most people are amazed at how efficient flying was back than you thought for best about 1.7 leaders per person, per 100 kilometer. you said hey to frontier. that's about half of today's fuel use . let's use out and you can see how much was done in the 1st 30 years of flying. and how little was done in the following 80 or 90 years in the at least in terms of fuel efficiency. 6 nights, examples with red aircraft in western germany has rediscovered the advantages of the piston engine for airplanes. instead of using jet engines, read aircraft uses ultralight turbo diesel engines. they are twice as fuel efficient as jet engines. and they have an important advantage over turbo jets, which are only efficient at high altitudes. diesels turbo charger also makes it highly efficient during take off and landing. at the moment $25.00 diesel

engines are built here each year. even though each engine is built by hand, they are 7 times as efficient as comparable turbo jets this diesel technologies full potential has yet to be realised. the red motor shows what it can do with just $95.00 leaders of aviation fuel per hour. this diesel engine is 60 per cent more efficient than a turbo jet. the senior season, we see the diesel engine as future proof can because we can always increase the fuel efficiency of fault. we can immediately deploy sustainable fuels, and in order to do justice to the expensive fuel, we can switch to hydrogen combustion. if we can hybridize, we have all these options. diesel is to motion. propellers can also be improved as this bavarian company shows it's multi blaine propellers have earned it

a global reputation. they're coming from, we go from loud vibrating to blade propellers to 4 to 5 blade ones that are quiet the lice. if we don't use energy to make noise anymore, but to boost thrust full of and we're working on 79 and 11 blade concepts off to move the whole idea forward. i thought sibling a does consequence of hi tech propellers are a serious competitor to jet engines. at vicki level, our estimates and simulations sir will be able to deploy a propeller airplane sufficiently up to a speed of about 800 kilometers an hour. given that we're developing this technology, this propeller has potential in terms of the future propulsion systems to put systemic auto aviation. and los angeles shows just how much airplanes using diesel engines and propellers can be improved. company founder william auto uses red diesel engines from western germany and an antique propeller from bavaria. he also

optimize us as planes aerodynamics autos. celera $500.00 l permits inter continental flight at 740 kilometers per hour. and on top of that, it seems 80 percent more fuel than the competition the element to the route, but at the legacy and have the elements that we've seen with the celera what can absolutely be transferred to lodge passenger planes. here's an example of such an airplane with 180 passengers. what's crucial is that this large plane now has a pillar engine with a few other technical refinements nestled in naturally. it's as of course, it's somewhat slower while a nuisance was, but in particular, it flies deeper, doesn't have contracts, and therefore avoids global warming to a very great extent available in 0 stack. and last, 3 small companies are showing the mighty aviation industry how to build fuel efficient airplanes with modified month familiar technology,

a giant leap forward for climate protection. have you ever wondered why plains need to be d ice in winter? well, frozen contaminants can add weight and interfere with the aerodynamic properties of the plane. take off and landing when the plane passes through clouds are especially critical. 10 kilometers and more above sea level, the outside temperature is a freezing minus 50 degrees celsius. and that means there's no more moisture in the atmosphere that can turn to ice on the plane surface. and that leads to the question asked by avila hans d to dawson from tanzanian. oh, why is it colder at high altitudes, even though we're closer to the sun? let's take a closer look at the earth's atmosphere. it's made up of 5 layers. the lowest one

is the troposphere. it's up to 7 kilometers high at the poles and 17, near the equator. all it's temperature drops by around 6 degrees celsius per kilometer. and that's due to the composition of the air around 99 percent of the atmospheres water vapor is found in the truck was via the water vapor aplus, carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases. keep temperatures constant on earth. without them we'd be looking at an average of 18 degrees celsius to lose 0. ah, the further away we get from sea level, the thinner the air gets. so that means it 1st gets colder. but the mountaineers need to bundle up to survive at high altitudes. the top of mount everest gets to minus 60 degrees celsius. so far, at least, the higher you are, the colder it guess. now let's head to the stratosphere 50

kilometers above earth. here things start to warm up again. that's because the ozone layer absorbs the sun's uv rays and turns them into heat. so temperatures can climb back up to 0. the stratosphere is also where weather balloons take their measurements. and some volcanic eruptions are so powerful that their gas and debris reaches far as the stratosphere next comes the mezzo sphere. there are hardly any ozone molecules here, so the temperature drops again at the top edge of them as a sphere, it can get to minus 120 degrees. the cold is spot in the earth's atmosphere. but the error still dense enough to protect the earth. the friction of the gas molecules burns up all, but the biggest meteors and most commission spacecraft and satellites also

incinerator on re entry. and it's like turning in the thermos fear and exit sphere temperatures sore all the way up to 1500 degrees celsius. so the higher the colder isn't a universal rule. what matters is the different physical conditions at the point in the atmosphere and the chemical composition of the gases there. if our blood is red, why i gave you? if you have a science question, you'd like us to answer, then send it in. if your question is chosen for the show, you also receive a small surprise from us as a thank you. come on just dos. and

if you're interested in more stories on science and tag, you can find us online at d, w dot com slash science. and on twitter, that's it for this week. so thanks for watching and see you next week for another edition of tomorrow today. until then, goodbye with ah, ah, ah ah, ah ah,

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look at his and future needs to be artist. a very personal can sneak auto arch 2090 minute d w. he is a master of the art of confrontation. this is wrong. a veteran of verbal combat. i mean, you're gonna really, i try the undisputed champion of tough political talk. you try to frighten people. no, i so fight everybody on the side there. except you enter the conflict zone and joined him. sebastian, as he holds the powerful to account. this is a big failure, whichever way you like to spin conflict zone townhome unit. oh d w ah. go mike speaking, how can miss a passionate hatred of a people be explained? a gold top where does it come from?

come also that history of anti semitism. he's a history of stigmatization and exclusion of religious and political power, struggles in interest in christianity wants to come. that is why christianity you like the figure of the jew as the parent some hope to fly. it's a history of slender, of hatred and violence is the bodies from then on the jews were considered servants of evil. we shall be told you about the most atrocious chapter. and within 6 years, a 3rd of our people were exterminated, is still pervasive. a history that he semitism this week on w. mm.

ah ah ah, this is d w. use my from bud in. russia pushes for full control of ukraine's eastern regions after claiming victory into hands. russian forces move to recapture neighboring done. yet. the president zelinski at bob's to retake last territory