ah, i mercy she when i arrived here, i slept with a single people in a room and i am arm. it was harsh, fair. i even got white hairs learning. the german language helped me a lot. this kits me and craig opportunity to interact with society. you want to know their story for mikes verifying and reliable information for margaret's a dark, cloudless night is perfect. will star gazing and for admiring the moon, a celestial body with a mysterious romantic appeal. and without it, life on earth wouldn't exist. but 1st, we take a look at mercury. the baby colombo mission is now heading its way and sent some snapshots back to us here on

a welcome to to morrow to day the science show on d. w. as we cast our eyes towards the skies. mercury is the innermost planet in our solar system and it's rather hard to reach. the baby colombo probe is heading there on a long and secure it is route. it will be making a number of fly buys, pos, mercury to calibrate. it's trajectory the 2nd fly by was in late june 2022, and the prob sent back some selfies as a momento. oh, and we already have a soundtrack from the fast fly by. oh, this nice craft will have to do full moon fly buys before it reaches its mercury orbit and withstand some rather extreme conditions. 1000000000

euros. that's how much the european space agency and japan's jack space agency shelled out on their bet be colombo project. although mercury is relatively close to the earth, studying the innermost planet of our solar system is still a major challenge. viewed from the earth, mercury is easily obscured by our central star, the sun. that makes observations with a telescope very difficult, and any one wants to fly to mercury has to contend with the sun's relentless gravitational pull. all european space flights are monitored here at the aces operating center in darmstadt, germany, in order to our do the sandwiches at like a well, it is an extreme gravitational pull in that area. medical is very close to it. we're actually mixing 3 different types of energy. we're actually flying with our rocket, the area and 5 that is launching us in space. where using electric propulsion on board the spacecraft itself. and we also use planetary swing by the flight to

mercury is in a way the longest breaking distance in space. history. bevy, colombo has now from close to venus twice each time. the probe has given up a bit of its kinetic energy to the planet. that is allowed the probe to approach mercury's orbit around the sun, bebee colombo, as passed by its research object at 200 kilometers distance between them twice so far. and in keeping with the times has sent cosmic selby's of the planet end itself back to her. but the probe is still traveling too fast. it has to slow down another 6 times through swing by maneuvers would the help of mercury's gravitational field . only then after 7 years of flight, who the prob, enter an orbit around the planet and split into 2 observations, satellites, one european, and one japanese. that's when the real challenge begins. not only is the solar

radiation on mercury 10 times stronger than on earth. in addition, mercury stay time side heats up to 480 degrees celsius. for asia project manager as a montaigne own, it's been an unprecedented challenge. when did he almost stuff? she did my tell you only database a visa was going up to 120 degrees centigrade, whereby it will experience temperature of the other 250. so one can get the fitting of the gap that has to be bridged with this program to protect the sensitive technology from the heat of special covering made of ceramic fibers. and titanium was designed for a bit, be colombo, and sown by hand. in 2025, the european satellite will focus its attention on the surface of the planet. while the japanese magnetic orators main objective is to find out why mercury is the only

planet besides earth to have a magnetic field. with certain times, mercury, and other planets and outside the system of visible from here on earth. and sometimes 2 or more planets are visible on a single path. but the planets all that around the sun at very different speeds. so this kind of a planetary conjunction is a rare event. in late june 20, 225 celestial bodies aligned in a kind of planetary parade across the heavens. sashon mos jupiter and venus will still be visible for a few more weeks. a string of cough lined up along the horizon. cuz i gabriel asa from columbia had a question about that. why did the planets we see in the night sky, shine like stars even to the naked eye?

a few of the small dots of light up in the firmament, standout, while most of them keep a constant distance to each other, a selected few move in relation to the rest. the ancient greeks called them the aesthetic planet tie or wandering stars. they noticed the light from the wanderers was all so different than that from the more fixed points. they didn't twinkle, but shone with a steadier gleam. but the mystery only began to really unravel with the invention of the telescope. it revealed that like the moon and the sun, the spheres we called planets were closer to us than the most distant stars blue . the fact that their close, at least in astronomical terms, is one reason why some of the other planets in our solar system of visible from the earth's surface 5, a bright enough to see with the naked eye,

our closest neighbors, mercury, venus, and mars. and the more distant gas giants, jupiter, and saturn, all sun, like all the stars, is a vast ball of gas slowly collapsing under its own gravity. the enormous temperature and pressure caused the lighter elements in it to begin fusing together into heavier ones. releasing energy, some of it as light. so stars produce their own light, earth and the other planets in our solar system on the other hand, don't generate gravitational fields strong enough to cause them to collapse and begin nuclear fusion. so they don't produce their own light. they only reflect the light of the sun, but the other planets is so much closer to earth than the distant stars that they seemed to shine just as brightly, if not more so, even though they aren't emitting the light themselves. an effect perfectly demonstrated by the brightest object in night sky,

the celestial sphere closest to earth of all the moon. mm. the night sky would not be complete without the moon to us. it appears to wax and wane, but its position is actually, it is changing in relation to the earth. it revolves around our planet in an elliptical orbit. at its furthest point from the earth, it's known as a micro mill. when a full moon coincides with the orbits closest point to the earth, it's known as a super moon. it appears bigger and much brighter than the micro moon. but there are many other light phenomena that appear in the night sky. let's take a look at 5 of the most impressive light displays on earth. mm. first stop in our top 5 light phenomena is found far, far away from our home, almost 400000 kilometers above us. the moon,

as we typically picture it. ready although sometimes it looks like this. imposing large and bewitching li rent. so what's going on there? meteorologist him stagger, explains the mystery of this enchanting sight. blue moon with the blood or copper moon occurs and when the moon moves into the earth's shadow during a total lunar eclipse of the eye as the earth casts its shadow across the moon in some of the sunlight is refracted on entering the atmosphere on good while the blue light scatters the red light reaches the moon and it's a bit like the color filter. the red light is reflected back to us, which is why we see the moon as having his dramatic red color aside one sunday morning. but that's not the only moon related phenomenon. sometimes the mon appears

to be enormous as it nears the horizon. how? so if you, people used to believe they got the refraction of light from the moon was the reason for the moon appearing to be closer to us all good. it was a belief shared by aristotle from us, but unfortunately they were wrong in light of 5. 0, in fact, it's an optical illusion. when the moon's right on the horizon, we can't help comparing it with other objects. also in our view, such as buildings. and as we can't really judge the distance to the moon, our brains perceive it as bigger than it actually is. for obvious reasons, the phenomenon is known as the moon illusion. the moon seen here on the right, for example, looks larger than the one on the left. but in reality, they're the same size. coming back down closer to earth, around 400 kilometers above us. we've recently been witness to this mysterious light phenomenon. what looks like

a luminescent string of pearls seen here above the netherlands. it's name is starling. starlight is a project operated by hail on mosque and his face ex company. it comprises the constellation of satellites for delivering high speed internet anywhere on the planet, especially in areas where access is currently very limited. the system is eventually set to boast of phenomenal $40000.00 satellites orbiting the earth. that however, increases the danger of collisions as well as of space junk accumulating. and that's not all. some of these satellites communicate with each other, and those signals can interfere with radio. astronomy is mom, if you're trying to receive radio signals from distant galaxies, and in fact, they're being disrupted by a network of signals all around the earth. you might well get distortions and inaccurate results fell. so radio astronomers are a bit anxious them yet. at a more terrestrial altitude of 10 kilometers,

we have halos. ready so where do they come from blue. busy you can image they can be created when might is refracted by ice crystals. if the crystals are aligned in a particular direction, mostly they all refract the light in the same way and then you suddenly get these spectacular phenomena when like par, halleck circles or sun halos. and if in a mean new eaten by the kaiser, and sometimes there were some really interesting combinations of these many halo phenomenon, these are guns hogwash are no are number one, life phenomenon is found just above the earth's surface and is on a far more minute scale glow worms are fire flies, emit light in order to attract partners. and the key to that tantalizing low is something called my illumine essence. the commissioner, it's due to

a chemical reaction inside the creatures. a lament that i said there's an element called lucifer in, and it reacts with oxygen and the atp energy molecules from cells menlo fun in egg and that conversion of chemical energy into light energy is exceptionally efficient in glow worms kemesha in a gas leak in a given and at the same time, an balmy summer nights, those little lightning bunks can conjure up a truly magical atmosphere glen glen, leased up they tales when they want to attract to mate. it's a passionate encounter, complete with romantic lighting. ah, but not all creatures have that option. some seek out other forms of lighting to illuminate the night, throats and other amphibians liked him made during the full moon.

many sea creatures do the same, not because it's especially romantic. the full moon simply signifies the start of mating season, and that's not all the moon has a profound effect on our entire planet. during a full moon, the moon is often an imposing presence in the sky. they cast everything in its magical light. you feel that the earth is under its spell, wolves howling and a full moon may be the stuff of legends. but many nocturnal creatures do use the moon as a compass of sorts. the precision with which lunar cycles affect nature can be seen at australia's great barrier reef. there the moon triggers the annual mass corresponding and early summer. on a certain day after a full moon, the corals release their sperm and eggs into the water at the same time ensuring

their reproduction as the biggest light source at night. the moon gives orientation to life on earth. but what role does it play in celestial mechanics? what would happen, for instance, if the moon didn't orbit the earth, that would be a change with disastrous consequences. over millennia, the earth would start to spend wildly like a top, and everything would change. by an extreme tilt of the earth's axis, the north pole would go 3 months without any sun. just half a year later, the same pole would be facing the sun. day and night there would be a constant juxtaposition between extreme cold and extreme heat. most life forms would be unable to adapt to such extremes,

which would bring unimaginably strong storms with heavy rain causing floods. in other words, without the moon that be no life on earth, it's the moon that stabilizes the earth's axis of rotation. the gravitational worse between them keeps everything in place. that's how stable climate zones were able to develop. cold, warm, or moderate regions that plants and animals have adapted to the moon's gravity tugs at the water in our oceans and even the land itself. creating titled bulges and even causing land masses to rise by nearly half a meter. the moon literally holds the earth in place as it rotates.

without it, our planet would spin 3 times faster. the phases of the moon also affect the ocean tides. those who manage to adapt to the title, rhythms can prosper. here. these mudflats host 10 times more living creatures than a normal seafloor. the size of the area is subject to flooding on earth are also dictated by the moon. oh, assuming it was just 120th the distance from the earth. every coastline along the world oceans would be under water at high tide. so when the moon in the night sky appears nearly as powerful as the sun, that's a pretty good indication of its importance for our life here on earth.

the moon is once again trying a greater role in space exploration. everyone is looking to get in on the action under the ottomans space. my program humans will once again land on the moon during this decade nasa, the european space agency and other partners will spend the coming years preparing class. ah, there's lots to consider when developing and building space vehicles. so students in germany are getting from practice designing loon rovers like this one. and building space rocket audience for mission accomplished. this rocket launch gets a lot of points on the ascent. it was very good. and the descent was really nice.

children on the 17th of students are competing against each other with their model rockets, mom and whoever managers to shoot a raw egg into space and bring it back safely, winds 4 days earlier, the icarus team, 3 mechanical engineering students are planning their model. the challenge, the rockets need to be stable but also lightweight. they're creating the blueprint on a computer with then it's time for some hands on work. the 1st step, the fuselage, the students have decided to build a laminated structure made from resin and fiberglass foil, so it remains stable and light. with what's important here your gotten plan off info should definitely make a good plan beforehand so you don't get a surprise at the end and don't expect everything to work out the 1st time. i have

ideas and be able to alter things quickly and, and you should also enjoy tinkering around with things. you've bought some boston off info on the next step. the nose cone of the rocket in which the egg needs to be carefully transported. the students idea a cone made of soft plastic, not of hard laminate. the 3 d printer takes care of the construction the result, a kind of airbag for the egg. the competition is pursuing other ideas. the stalks team made up of to electrical engineers and an astronaut. want to see wait. this has been lived is under. hers was bitter funds. our fuselage is special, but you can see the diameter is different here. them here and it's one particle.

you must, we did it like that especially. so the engine fits directly into the tube water, the others have to make a shell around the engine. and so it fits into the larger body tube. we save that weight and want to use it to achieve more altitude, garage oh, for that reason their rocket is made out of laminate throughout. even the fins. these many wings stabilized the flight trajectory. besides the flight performance, the design is also graded up. every rocket looks different with teen icarus is working on the parachute. there's also a dilemma here too large means too heavy and difficult to pack, too small can mean too hard. a landing team icarus, believe the diameter of 60 centimeters is

a good compromise. will that really protect the anc enough to remain unbroken on landing teen icarus? is doing a drop test to check it out. collision with a wall on the way down. and a crash landing on asphalt. is the anchor still intact? oh no. not any more. next attempt ah, if morris can't win the competition with a broken egg, no more is it's broken again. it's

time. the competition is starting on the fields next to the gushing campus. one of them and indeed, every ranken is unique and each group believes it's going to win because of its own special ideas that he thought that was a rocket is a bit bigger, but we have more room for the parachute. we get a longer flight time and the egg has a softer landing of column gordon. from ion aftermarket or the rocket is probably one of the lightest here. only 40 grams. that's a lot lighter than most others. which things because our, our overall package is good and our design is really nice. oh, boy. oh, goodness the 1st take on oh. stable flight path. the parachute opens good flight duration. that adds up to a lot of points on this team has

a good chance of victory. as long as the eggs stays intact, i the chance of victory evaporates of i live on our 2nd take off teams. pres eggs. i thought i had space eggs, the lightest rocket. there will be lots of points for that alone with these eggs. rocket is now the one to chase is either the start team gets it now red and black rocket ready? oh oh, good disappointment? following the salvage operation, the nose cone and with the egg, our last that's only good for 5th lane and last team,

icarus. yeah. i'll let everyone ready. then i last him to day team because. good. yeah. oh oh oh yeah, there rock it has a lucky landing. this is all the scope of miles for oh. with a great design, long flight duration and an intact egg. that is the winning combination. ah. if our blood is red, why i do you have a sized question, then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if your question is chosen for the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on just dos and football. fascinating stories from the world of science. check us out on d,

w dot com slash science and on twitter. that's it for this week. so thanks for watching and see you next week for another edition of to morrow to day. until then bye bye. ah, ah, ah, ah ah, ah ah

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in a man with the memories of a woman ah, ali from syria is born in a female body, forced into marriage. great to his escape will be the journey of his life far from home. ali can finally become the person he's always wanted to be, and it will be spared badly elementary credit that will go through with it. i was born in berlin. he starts july twins. oh d w. how about taking a few rents? you could even take a chance on what i rearing to. ah, don't expect a happy ending. literature list,

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this is the w news life from berlin. ukrainian missiles strike russian held territory in the hassan region. ukraine's military says that he to russian, ammunition depot, russia claims dozens of civilians were injured in the attack. also coming up, we take a look at the role drugs of playing in this conflict. and we made some of the ukrainian refugees.