ah, how we see the universe changed to day? the 1st image from the james web telescope, the farthest back in distance and time that human eyes have ever observed several 100000000 years after the big bank. now, imagine holding a grain of sand up to the sky at arm's length. that tiny speck is the size that we see right here, countless galaxies in a grain of sand. and tonight, more than ever, humanity has every reason to ask, are we really alone? i break off in berlin. this is the day. ah, there galaxies here in which are thing, individual clusters of stars forming,

popping up, just like popcorn. you see this kind of bubbly, you know, almost foamy appearance throughout the whole. nebula, with some very structured shells. but the, and this foaming, this is showing up in orange mainland we are looking at 5 galaxies and that will lock the enough closing to action. i thought of cosmic than the re event. and by that i could have you taishan on fours dining this, that of the cosmic cliff to the korean and nebula, reveals news details about this vast stellar nursery. also coming up the january 6 hearings, can lawmakers connect the dots between the extremist and former president donald trump. if your question is slightly conceived election, i'm guessing what you, our viewers watching on p

b s. in the united states, into all of you around the world. welcome. we begin the day with a new view into the origins of the universe. it is not every day when we can start our program with an event that fundamentally alters in a positive way. our understanding of the cosmos today is one of those rare moments, and we have scientists on both sides of the atlantic to thank the james web space. telescope is the largest, the most powerful space observatory ever launched. a joint project of the americans, canadians, and europeans. and today they held one of the most important, reveal parties in human history. images that take the human eye into the final frontier, deeper into space and farther back in time than ever before. the light from the faintest of the galaxies in these unprecedented images originated more than 13000000000 years ago. here's more the european space

agency and nasa say the james web telescope has already changed our understanding of the universe. they saw it says the nebula, created by a dying star expelling its math. nasa, scientists say the intense detail never seen before, along with infrared shots when allow them to understand exactly what happens. a stars di miller, we thought in the birth of stones, is equally stunning. this is a nearby style forming region within our milky way. the image reveals hundreds of new stars that were previously hidden along with structures that scientists have yet to identify. web has homed in on galaxies, they far away that the light from them has taken billions of years to get to the telescope. and of this image shows galaxies that formed over 13000000000 years ago, nasir, as encouraging people to down load the images on their website and take a closer look. really zoom in and play around. there are galaxies here in which

we're seeing individual clusters of stars forming, popping up, just like popcorn. another image shows how galaxies merged together. one of the fundamental principles of the universe that scientists are eager to learn about. yeah, the telescope also analyzed the atmosphere of a faraway gas planet and detected water vapor. this planet couldn't sustain life, but the james web telescope will be analyzing other planets that are more like earth and peering even deeper into the universe. nasa says it's a game changer. ready ready ready ready on my 1st game tonight is mark mc cauffron . he's a senior advisor for science and exploration of the european space agency. mr. mer cauffron. it's good to have you on the program with us today. what did it feel like when those 1st images were revealed earlier today? it to be honest, i mean, great excitement, of course, but also

a sense of relief. some of us have been working on this project for nearly 3 decades. i started in 1998 into to see that those dreams which we had back. that of what is, frankly, a very complicated, very strange machine, which is now a 1000000 and a half kilometers away from the we had a dream about what he could do scientifically. and now after the launch on christmas day last year, and 6 months of an intense work unfolding, the telescope and making sure all the instruments are working, we have the validation. we now know that the doors are open to astonishing scientific discoveries. and there were 5 major images revealed to day. i'm curious, what was your favorite? i think that's one of those questions where, you know, you don't have a favorite child with the one we revealed here, your agency and dance. that was the collide and galaxy, and steph and quintet. and of course, that's something which we talked about a lot today. and it was great to see the others, the,

the very deep field seeing back to the beginning of the units, but also stopping ation, which is happening right near to us in our own milky way. and that's actually where my science interests lie. and around the end of september, beginning of october, i will be getting data back from j w. s t. looking at the i connie or ryan nebula, which is one of the nearest places in our universe, west star being born today. so it was a brilliant array of great science for an entire world of astronomy is not just focused on one topic, but a huge, huge array of stuff. and is it safe to say. busy that the astronomy books will now have to be rewritten because of what we are learning thinks to the web telescope. but i think his, you know, it's maybe a few weeks premature to say that we've, we've just finished commissioning the telescope. we just finished getting it ready for science. as of today, scientists will start getting data that have been taken with the telescope and every 5 days we'll be getting as much data as you saw today by christmas will have

30 times the amount of data that you've seen today. so this is something which is going to snowball, the floodgates are open and, and then we'll see maybe come back to us in a couple of years and ask whether we change the textbook. so i think the historical perspective is important. there are people who are using this telescope today that weren't born when we started dreaming about it. and there are people who haven't been born today who may use it in 20 years time. and i think that historical span, we've kind of built a cathedral for people to come and do science. and yet that's a fascinating way to, to describe it. and we have to brag a little bit on the european space agency because not only did you guys actually launch this telescope, but i understand you also are responsible for the extra fuel that is on board, which will allow it to be this cathedral for future generations. in my right. yes, that's exactly right. so the arianne 5, which launches on christmas day from french guiana. put us on such

a precise trajectory that we could save fuel from maneuvering into this location, a 1000000 half kilometers way. and that means more fuel for keeping the spacecraft orbiting this point. we thought we would have 10 years. we save enough fuel to get 20 on a european space agency has also provided one and a half of the 4 instruments on board. so the scientific images that you're seeing today have actually come back through european bill cameras and spectrometers, and also we have 15 people working, united states, operating alongside the north american colleagues right now. and in and in a we, we report so many things about how she manatee fails to work together. this is a project, as i said at the beginning of the program, where we actually see the ability of people to come together and to do something spectacular. i agree, and i think, you know, you said that very well it's, you know, there are many reasons to look at human beings and say that we're failing in our potential. you know, of course, you can argue why spend all of this money on

a telescope looking into out of space when they're obviously problems here on the earth? i think it's one of the reasons to do it is exactly that through international collaboration. we can retrieve remarkable things. and we're going to have to do that without fight against climate change. for example, and many other things the pandemic has been a huge international collaboration. and i think maybe if we can inspire some children to come in and think about how all of this works, not just the science, but how you build a collaboration to make these things happens. maybe there's a little bit of hope for us there. and also, maybe they insignificance, which we might feel looking at a vast distances out into the universe might make us think, well, perhaps we should spend all very brief time on this planet a little bit more constructively. yeah, and let me pick up on that. i was struck by the 1st image that we saw, the day of the we see these countless stars and galaxies. me. this is just a tiny snapshot of the universe. so 2 things come to mind. as you said, al, small and insignificant. we are in this vast cosmos. and in such a vast cause most,

maybe we're not alone. and we can i ask you a serious i to, sir, what do you think? are we alone hurt? do we dare ask that question? yeah, that's what one of the things we, you know, you mentioned and we haven't talked about is in fact that james web space telescope is capable of looking at planets over to re opening around other stores. and we're actually able to look at their atmospheres and look at the gases in those atmospheres and the temperatures. and the chemistry is like, is that potentially a planet where life might develop? we don't have a capacity to search for life with this. observe a tree that needs a much more specialized machine in the future. i mean, it's, it's, it's a huge testament to j. w. s t. that when it was 1st dreamed up, there were no planets around all the stuff we had never found any. and yet it's very capable in the science. so i think that idea of looking out into space and looking for places where life might exist. potential environments, more than 30 percent of the observing time in the 1st year is actually going to

that particular topic. so that's a real measure of how important that is in the scientific community and very exciting as well. mr. mark, the cauffron senior advisor for science and exploration that the european space agency. we appreciate your time and you're inside the night and congratulations to you and your colleagues. good job. thank you very much. my pleasure. ah, in ukraine authorities or warning that moscow is gearing up for a new push in the don't best region, but it's not just the east of ukraine causing concern. ukraine's border with bell roof is also seeing a troubling military build up. western intelligence agencies say russian soldiers and weapons systems are ready and waiting in bel roofs to open a new front against ukraine. something that would stretch keeps forces considerably . d. w nit connolly went to the border region near shanna he to see for himself

here when you cranes board with fellows who never really alone we're not through not sure that drones, one of ours blown actually it is but that's not a given. it was a russian drone attack from across the border, the start the war for these ukrainian border guards on february 24th. they tried to keep russian forces on the bellows side by blowing up the bridge. but the russians came all the same and stayed for nearly a month. since the russians left in april. the shooting route here is lot. you been restricted direct sizes on both sides of the border. fear now, among many ukrainians that russia's exercises and bellows could suddenly turn into real warfare just like they did in february. russian forces have never left belarus . instead,

their so called exercises keep getting extended. ukrainian leaders long said their presence was just a distraction or a bluff rather than a real threat. but recently, russian troop numbers of the board have risen in the tone from bell russian leader, alexander lucas shanker, has grown ever more aggressive. you transactions are also speaking a different language. these images from the bell, russian government apparently show ukrainian forces money, their side of the border in recent days. much of the 1000 kilometer frontier which in ukraine belarus was barely marked, let alone defended before this war. back then trips across the board of groceries to see a doctor or part of everyday life is narrow that you ca ruiz, to go to bella. ruth law and they would come to us the bridge i all just got on somehow little the. i didn't even think a war like this was even possible, actually, hawley, who knows what snacks and hook do my the war has taken its toll. many family ties to span this border rather hostile does not many people here in the village have

relatives unable a russian side, religion. some of them have stopped talking to each other because of the war. i believe ukraine will when eventually it has to woo, we can't afford to lose many locals here. we've given up that job to try to make sure that holds true. what are your, what on it? we have a security guard. we're g, a driver, shop assistants here, brother and locksmiths. ah thong. he is lazara. constantine's life changed overnight when he was called up put in charge of dozens of men in the territorial defense force. his experience, some brief, military training university had never actually fought over me. she is fundamental to me and a lot of people and other places gotten, know what it feels like when in the line. bombs are falling. when your child is terrified of everything on our way of saw, you've shown up the club one most of us here have never even been in a fight until the war looked a little bit. yup. and then when it starts with,

you know, or if the enemy comes for, if you do what you need to do on the will the d at without thinking twice in astronomy, with some new outset. yet mis, for him might seem black domestic neighbors, even father and son serving side by side. the real since threat is never far away. caughtington tells us he's never yet had to call a family with an use of a fatality. he doesn't sound sure, it'll stay that way. ah, the stairs. why did you decide to come to washington on january 6th? for me, for me personally, you know, law. i was, you know, pretty hard core and the social media, facebook, twitter, instagram, i followed, you know, president trump, you know, on all the websites you know, ah, he basically put out, you know, come the stop the steel rally. you know,

i felt like i needed to be down here. that was stephen ears testifying earlier today in washington. now he pleaded guilty last monster, disorderly and disruptive conduct in a restricted building. of course, the u. s. capital building the u. s. house. january 6th. select committee dedicated today's hearing to connecting the dots between former president donald trump and far right extremist groups which were part and parcel of the insurrection at the u . s. capital. the question was the attack, a coordinated effort between extremis and the office of former president donald trump was trump in on the plan to attack the capital in overturn the 2020 election results. my next guest is a specialist in constitutional law. she's a professor of law at the george washington university law school,

and she's also the author of the book, a white to lie presidents, other lawyers, and the 1st amendment. professor catherine ross joins me now. professor, it's good to have you on the program. there is a lot to talk about here. the january 6 committees goal is to establish the truth about what led to the insurrection. it is also dealing with a former president who apparently thought and still thinks that he has every right to lie. what's your take on that? thank you for inviting me. this is a really important story. i'm glad you're covering it and death. yes, uh president trump, former president, trump was a habitual liar all of his life. and he did not stop lying when he ran for the presidency or as president or after his term ended. and he is using

the big lie, which he knows is untrue. the lie that he actually won the election that it was stolen from him by fraud and my other underhanded means to incite and continue to arouse even today. his must hard course supporters. it may shock your viewers to learn that roughly 70 percent of the republican voters in this country still believe that he won the election. and this is really dramatically underlining, undermining our democracy. yeah, i want to pick up on that. donald trump, as you say, he has a long trail of lives up behind him. i'm thinking of birth, the rhythm of thinking to the early days of the pandemic on trumps impeachment. twice on the stolen 2020 presidential election. he's got a habit of wine. what has that done to american democracy?

it has undermined our faith and institutions, and particularly the lie about the 2020 election has been a challenge to the legitimacy, not only of our past elections but to our future elections. and there are a very large number of republicans running now for both state and national office, who are election deniers. that's the term we use for people who still believe that donald trump won the 2020 election or that he is currently the legitimate press. and some of the crazier people say, and so as we head into our next round of elections, known as the mid term elections, where we choose the members of congress, as well as many state and local officials. we have people running for state office and local office who are going to be in charge of running the next set of elections

for the 2020 for presidential round of elections. and if elected deniers are put in place there, then even people who are not conspiracy theorists will have good reason to be suspicious about whether we will have free and fair elections, where the results will be accurate and will be respected. and so after more than 200 years, if they need the longest democracy to have peaceful transitions of power, we are in deep, deep trouble. we in your book, and this is one of the reasons why i was so glad that we were able to get you on the program the day you propose a remedy for a future in which another president dares to lie to the public. talk to me, what is your solution to this? well, you know, the, the preliminary comment is that our 1st on amendment,

which protects the right to free speech from government interference, has been deemed by the supreme court to sue, to protect from factual untruths. the truths that could be shown to be untrue. and one of the reasons is we don't want the government to be the arbiter of truth. and so people think that the 1st amendment is an impermeable barrier to enforcing truthfulness. but in fact, our separation of powers among the court and congress and the president, the executive branch. 9 provides for robust congressional oversight of the president. and i argue that he is a public employee. he works for us. we the people, and it's the job of congress to oversee him as an employee. and we have a special category of speech that governs public employees,

which allows their employers to discipline and terminate them because of what they say that's related to their job. and so i argue that we could have avoided this entire mess if, when trump started line about the outcome of the election months in advance of voting. he said this was the only way you could lose is by fraud, by ring, elect, miss, et cetera, et cetera. congress should have said, this is the kind of extreme material repeated lie, the cause for discipline and their number of steps that could have taken up to impeachment and removal from office. no, of course, or trump what it just not convicted twice. and so i'm also arguing that the senators need to take their duty to the country much more seriously when they sent as generous. yeah, i mean,

maybe the problem is not just with the president in this case, but also yeah. with members of the congress for not doing what you know, their oath of office instructs them to do. let me ask you also about the hearings that we're seeing and the, the po numbers that we're seeing. we're seeing this week for the 1st time. a majority. we saw that maybe 6065 percent of democrats say they don't want joe biden to run again in 2024, but we're also seeing a majority of republicans now say that they don't want to see trump run again in 2024. an do you think this change, particularly regarding trump, is that happening because of these hearings in our is the information coming out of these hearings is it's seeping in to the echo chambers where trump supporters maybe have been, have spent the last 5 or 6 years. ah, that's

a great question. we are saying some polling data indicating that people have been affected by the hearings which have contained explosive material every single hearing. and they have been very well presented so that they're easy to follow. and dramatic and have a coherent narrative. and we also perhaps have been surprised by the very large number of people who have been watching, even though the hearings are not in prime time, but during the work dead. so we're hopeful about that. on the other hand, you have to understand our nominating system is not a direct reflection of what the largest number of people want. we have a contest in the states and every one votes. and they are arranged in a way that allows activists

a great deal of influence. so the change in the polling doesn't necessarily mean that trump won't arrive at the convention with a large number of delegates. professor rhodes, i've got 20 seconds. let me just ask you, do you think these hearings will they result in any type of criminal charges being filed against a former president? trump? here is i not designed to lead to criminal charges, but i think they have lit a fire under the justice department, which is charged with grand juries, criminal indictments and prosecutions. all right, but we will be watching to see what merrick garland does of with his office. then catherine ross, professor of ward george washington university law school professor. we appreciate your time and your insights. excellent book, by the way. thank you. thank you. well, the day's almost done, the conversation continues online, you'll find us on twitter either w news. you can follow me on twitter at brent gov tv and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day. we'll see you then everybody

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