born in a female body with forced into marriage, break to his escape will be the journey of his life. far from home, ali can finally become the person. he's always wanted to be alone, despair badly. oh, in battery credit, and we'll go through with it. i was born in berlin. he starts july 22nd on d w. i july 20th march the 200 anniversary of the birth of gregor mendel. who you may ask who you know, getting amended was no idea. it rings about no nina, i don't think i know him. oh hybridization. we had that in biology right. just

recently and i was, i only know i mendel's laws of heredity. and who has he? something about genetic. this is genetics in it. and then then yeah. okay. yes, of course. yeah. why don't we, why he was on the one been in the beginning genetics. yeah, he was among for all those still racking their brains will look at why his discoveries are so important and why schools still teach mendel's laws today. welcome to to morrow to day. the science show on t w gregor mendel was indeed a monk. in 1843, he joined a monastery in a town now known as burne know in the czech republic. he became intrigued by the peas growing in the monasteries garden. they had purple, white and pink flower. the pods were different colors to some piece around others

wrinkled. how can there be so many variations? he wonder? he began cross breeding the peas producing more than $28000.00 plants. the results amazed him. when he crossed purple in white flowers, he only got plants with purple flowers. then he crossed 2 of those 2nd generation purple flowers and got a few with white flowers again. 2 he began to understand the laws of inheritance. mm. some traits are dominant, others are recessive and impressive discovery that has been a huge benefit to the modern world. so happy birthday to gregory mental move. mendel's laws still form the basis of our understanding of modern genetics. the later discovery of chromosomes further widened our understanding of how heredity works. to day plants can be bred to favor specific traits.

cannabis is one example of this. what at 1st glance might look like a marijuana plantation is actually a work in progress. the research is. those green leaves are packed with valuable data to be assessed in the lab by a dna sequencing. stevenson and his team are on a mission to unlock the secrets of cannabis. 3 repeated cycles of growing and analysis. soon the results of that was going to a huge database about the plant. if i'm a full dog normally shows each some of the plans are susceptible to pester, chang shao while others have resistance mechanisms that are obviously of interest to us not do and some plans have a higher yield than others. all can be some have a faster growth rate. so, and there are differences in their chemical constituents. we have the plants containing g, h, c, and some that have none at all again, but instead contain other fascinating chemicals that he's gotten in the,

in the hall. so for cannabis contains over 400 such chemicals, used in everything from medicine and the food industry to cosmetics around 200 have already been identified by the team at pure g. finding out which properties a particular plant has, involves the research as decoding it's genetic information, it's dna. individual sequences contain information on specific properties such as flavor resilience and useful ingredients o pure gene has analyzed and evaluated the dna of thousands of plants. a task only possible with the help of artificial intelligence. the insights provided enable them to grow new cannabis plants with new properties. eyes for the garage to own the ma'am of or caught one of the world's biggest cannabis growing companies

who know operates in areas that have major problems with patches such as a particular fungus leim and meet the rattling alteration. big thief meet the repealed small. this affects 20 to 25 percent dance harvison, which means substantial loss. so skull, old dot thing that means your net eat with center on thought. so we're currently working on cross greeting the to produce plants for that company, resistance to the fungus route. so some so i can little bit the off the mark bring along with genetic information. the database also includes the results of field experiments. the team has dissected, measured and photographed hundreds of plants, even record that the size, smile, and appearance of the roots. back in the lab, they also examined the all important buds. looking for evidence of pests and checking their exact color. the samples of them bagged and stored for future use.

the 5th district here is some we look at the entire plant, the stem being and the number of side shoot josiah, which together determine the plant architecture, t o n t. like many other aspect, sog, the agronomic properties of cannabis are also relatively unknown. emotional how we want to find out which plant with which architecture has the best yields and results in a healthy plant density. her funded, understand the the key to cultivating new cannabis plants is combining knowledge of the plant architecture with dna is that of resorting to gene manipulation. the research is used the conventional technique of cross breeding. they create new combinations from different plants with different properties. it's called molecular breeding and in this case, it's also a business model. you can imagine that a pharmaceutical application will want a very structured plant in terms of its kind of annoyed and token ratio. and

another customer might want a, a fiber from the plant and the plant that produces the fiber is very different from the plot that produces the caliber noise with her beams. so here are we've read the varieties which are fit for purpose for their application for our clients. the potential market for a range of cannabis products is huge. stevens and started the venture with kind of mister arrived tobacco substitutes. 3 years ago he set up the re such campus here at just the right time. i knew seed sir, had made the mowgli tie down a call. the opportunity was there since cannabis has long been demonized by lawmakers who only focus on the t h. c. it contains 8 and little else, but at the same time them, we hide huge progress with molecular breeding molecule, analyzing this amount of data, and generate many data points on this kind of scale that would not have been possible a few years ago, the technologically or affordably all gotten at mach,

lexi auto new to solve all future breeding programs will mean having big investors on board. but also seat developers bio informative sions, and a i experts, as well as enormous competing power. to give you a few examples, we've generated 200000 data points for cannibal noise alone. just this year we generated a 1000000 data points of physical characteristics. laplant and our genome sequence generates $10000000.00 data points per week. thus, each a taking a look evil. this is a technology that can be applied to all plants, of course, but a professor once told me, the imagine you have an apple, you change one single property and you end the shelf life by 7 days. see, but think about the changes that would mean for the world outfit. it gives you an idea of what will be possible in the future with molecular breeding. that soft lights will come from off bullish that for now,

they're focusing on cannabis. and with the basic research soon set for completion, your gene is ripe for a $1000000000.00 market. once again, all that genetic fine tuning is based on gregor mendel. laws. his discoveries brought real change to farming and the 20th century. plants could now be propagated to bring out specific characteristics like rape. see, for example, it's thanks to mendel that we now have palatable canola oil. but the 20th century also produced a broader agricultural revolution. here's an example from germany. a farmer, some animals and the simplest of implements for many centuries that was typical and agriculture. the farmers hands were his main tools, augmented by patience and lots of muscle power. 1 ah,

but the yield was often meagre. about $1.00 tons per hector for wheat in 1900. then farmers started using fertilizers and pesticides that these did harvests by the 1950s. wheat yields had increased by almost one ton perfector. partly due to advances in farm machinery, agriculture re more efficient with in blue doctor with the 7 gene, 22 and 28 horsepower bulldog models. loans puts a tractor into the hands of a farming community that makes the farmer's work more effortless, economical, and profitable attack. i'd just type in 1955, around 800000 tractors, were registered in west germany alone. gradually the machines established themselves everywhere in gem and agriculture. bland was cleared for them and areas

were consolidated. many smaller farms lacked in money for the expensive technology and gave up. others came in and bought the land. farm was became larger and larger, and the centre optimized for yield. in 1980 german farmers grew almost 5 tons of wheat for hector. the use of pesticides went off as well. then the bank that when the vineyards have winter cold and me frosts behind them, pest control begin, shift. the progressive era uses the culture track $812.00 with the holder, p t o, the self propelled unit with excellent, lower efficiency saves time and money site won't get there was so much production that follows overflowed. starting in the 1960s funding came from the newly founded european economic community. it brought products from farmers at fixed prices. it was a time of butter, mountains and milk lakes. in the 1990s,

the european union changed the subsidies. now farmers received direct payments. the more land, the more money, large farms were, the winners of the new agricultural policy, the yield of wheat po, hector also continued to rise reaching $7.00 tons in the year. 2000. then more space in nature and more sustainable production became the new catchphrases. many farmers switched to organic farming. yet the bulk of agricultural products still come from industrial farms. and those rising wields per hector in 2018 germany suffered from drought and they fell sharply. livestock farming has also undergone massive changes. pick cows, for example, in the past they provided both milk and meat. now they're specially bred beef

cattle, have more muscle, dairy cows tend to be leaner, but have huge utters a modern dairy cow, produces 3 times more mil than a century ago. and breeders continued to fine tune in the lab with artificial insemination. a prize bull is brought in for work, extinct is theodore. so the bull mountains, the cow though, but the operator has an artificial vagina ready hope as to which the bull ejaculates into. and that's how we collect the seamen long on the how much same into they get the state to say, from one ejaculate, we get 200 to 800 doses depending on the age of the bulls age. but it's business as usual at the farm which belongs to a company called swiss genetics in north and switzerland. that main business is collecting semen. the bulls called in twice a week, the company supplies seaman from price bulls to thousands of farms all over

switzerland. cows of an artificially inseminated with the desired seaman. molten 700000 cows are impregnated in this way every year. it's been the company's main business for decades. but swiss genetics is now exploring new avenues. the emitter effect is hot. with in vitro fertilization, excels are harvested from sexually mature cows exalted and brought to the laboratories and we fertilize them there. the so called that dimmer. so then we take them over to these incubators here where they are cultivated for 7 days. after that, we either freeze them or transfer them straight to a cow with some instead of inseminated, the kaos directly with the ble semen eggs of fertilized. separately in the laboratory, the focus is on harvesting eggs from the most economically productive cows. these

excels of unfertilized and implanted in a number of different cows which are effectively sorry, got mother's o. busy the procedure is expensive, but necessary for the firm to hold its own in a highly competitive market focus. mm hm. it takes marquee, vic, this technology is used a lot all over the world and conceive canals on mid. so we have to keep up with to ensure our selection program stays competitive, finance fight, flippa. it allows farmers to quickly breed cows. the half desirable qualities, the honest kinetic said about forest the so say we have one cow that is genetically very valuable, saw me. if i breed using artificial insemination, i get one calf each here a no homer for them the. but if i use i v f, then i can harvest eggs repeatedly from that same cow a and fertilize them would sperm from different bulls the image to ship and the

fact that the through the then i can get anything from $5.00 to $15.00 calves each year. depending on how i choose to breed from that one genetically valuable cow for them can, it is fact for with you. meanwhile, the swiss town of zant gallon prepares for a cattle show. these cows are in high demand as at donors priced for their genetic qualities. for breeders, as big business, despite the costs involved, bought the list of the community base to many long i can reproduce cows that are long living and have a top milk yield me. so my farm produces more milk from the same sized. heard here for the breeders, it's all about reproducing prize cattle at high speed in organic farming. this kind of technology is banned. it also raises fundamental questions about the future of farming. as this as seriously called the risk is that you end up with a reduced jane poll because you keep taking the same dna from a few top house for

a bought in organic farming. we aim for which via diversity or adapted to the different environments size, that there is no one top dna and there are many, depending on the environment. but swiss genetics argues ivy f could be used to breed a wide range of cows saying it's not just about attaining a high milk yield in santa understood. and today it's more about issues like the feed version rate. so the efficiency with which livestock convert feed into desired output. awesome. and then other issues like longevity, no horns and good hell and loss. he came on. the excellent guy. oh, these days, livestock breeding is a high tech business. opinions differ on whether that's a good thing or not, but this switched genetics. time is certain, it's on the right path. genetic engineering also allows cattle to be bred without horns. so the less likely to

injure each other. many farmers cut off the horns by hand. a painful procedure for the animal. with genetic engineering, there is no pain, but animals still need to be slaughtered. if we want to eat meat, there's no way around that or is there, ah, this laboratory is growing the meat of the future. biologist, p at try kruger heads up a research team at whitening and university cultivating so called clean meat a project they've been working on since 2019 to process begins by taking some muscle tissue from a piece of real meat. the research is isolate the stem cells and multiply them and then create their artificial meat pit i q guy believes lab grown meet will play a key role in the future. strand anger threatened us, encouraged,

it's shocking how few people in groups are involved in this area. of research in germany, it's angry because we have a growing global population revokable and 20 years from now we won't be able to feed everyone sufficiently with existing methods. more student chron would say laboratory me will become a crucial element, an up wall. more than 80 startups and research group. so walking on lab meet worldwide in 2013 moser meet presented the 1st cultured burg patty as a cost of over 200000 years. catherine is doped as few cut and we can also learn a lot, especially in these early stages by wesley. yet we do now have products that are far cheaper than before, but they're still too expensive. anything towards them not to toil through them. so we need this process development, you powell and i'm going to speak with a terry my fair pit krueger and had team have chosen to take a very specific route in their research. it involves cultivating what to caught

steroids from thousands of 1000 cells normally need a sophistic roy on. if none is available, after a day or 2, they start to join up with other cells. as of your run, what's that? who list we'd be delighted if our i did with the steroids really took off and we could use it in large scale production buffoon chron. but there is still some obstacles in their way. steaks, for example, have a grain, their streets with fat and have a firm consistency characteristics that a tricky to reproduce in the lab. when it comes to minced meat. however, the researches have far more promising results and can already produce and appropriate a soft consistency. ah, so far, most people in germany remain skeptical about lab grown meat. a recent survey

suggested that just 14 percent of consumers but try us out. there young people were more open to the idea. lab work, flash clean labs mate has a science fiction ring to it. like what was that than the ever many people the word laboratory conjures up images of a mad scientist, especially when it comes to producing meat, which we associate with something alive. yes or li bindy can or he had to spin on and it's probably these images that make people skeptical after this life that yeah, and skepticism. i was a lot of the word lab suggesting that the absolute opposite of something natural women and he asked a lot of people though you could just as well ask how much of today's industrial livestock farming really has anything to do with nature and natural product to simply looking elsewhere, the concept has already taken off. the israeli start up super meat is known for its regular bag or events at restaurants, where diners are offered the chance to test it, flap going,

patty appeared. try clue, go and her team look so half ambitious, amos reprint in brooklyn, few cornish bits. we could produce meat tailored to particular talk actors like folic acid enriched made for pregnant women. couldn't get, i mean, we could out vitamin d and provide a more easy to to me. i can tell of variety of nutrients to serve in retirement. hyams for heating and gnashed often. no, i'm irish and that's no limit. rarely does he comb. clinton give it there still a long way to go. that lab grown meet could play a key role in satisfying our appetites in the future. until lab grown meet becomes widely available. conventional meat and fish will remain important sources of protein for many still, there are also good sources of plant based protein including legumes and pulses

such as beans and peas. but experiments are now underway to draw carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into protein. how is that possible? the w's. ahmad calabi looked into it. hey, have you heard about this? but you can eat air? i'm not kidding. you can turn carbon dioxide into food. say to says positive from finland, pay blessing. what's on the menu producing meet alternatives to different kinds of dairy products. it's also sweet ice cream. so on up in finland in northern europe, pass here on the top of that produces one kilogram of protein powder every day. hey, patsy. how do you do this? we haven't mike rope that basically swims around in a body of liquid water in

a firm and i need the for a mentor. we introduce levels of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. and this is what the microscope needs to grow and multi life at the mind group itself. is our product crazy? let's check it out. okay, if i understand correctly, but he uses microsoft with an appetite for hydrogen and c o 2 just add some newton, like nitrogen, and phosphorus, po, or the whole process with energy. and the micro will grow and grow and grow and you are a protein powder, counties. but passion. how does it taste? it is neutral in paste. therefore, the taste can be made per application,

whether it's sweet or savor or hurt. but with why should i, if this health passive, about one 3rd of the climate impact is due to what we eat, therefore we need to get rid of actually from the increasing use of animal based product. okay, so let's wrap it up. it is possible to turn carbon dioxide into protein powder that can replace parts of if i look, let is read, why a? do you have a science question? then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if your question is chosen for the show will send you a little surprises, a thank you. come on. just ask ann for more fascinating stories from the world of science. check us out at d. w dot com slash science and on twitter. that's it for this week show. thanks

for watching and see you next week for another edition of to morrow today. until then. bye bye. and stay curious. with with ah, with

who? ah. the 2021 flood catastrophe in germany. mainland i owned a natural disaster, was born warned, with no one believed. 184 people died. thousands lost their homes. but in the tragedy pulp appeared thanks to volunteers from across germany. a protocol in 75 minutes on d w. ah, let us issue. when i arrived here, i slept with a sick of people in

a room as in anthem, or it was harsh. fair. i even got white harris at with learning the gym and language help. yeah, a lot. this kids to me a great opportunity to interact with you want to know their story, val migrants verifying and reliable information for migrant co. mike speaking, how can this passionate hatred of a people be explained? a gold top? where does it come from? come all swept the history of antisemitism. he's a history of stigmatization and exclusion of religious and political power struggles. lucas in christianity wants to convey that is why christianity, you like the figure of the jude as the parent plum hope to fly. it's

a history of slender, of hatred and violence. is the bodies from then on the jews were considered servants of evil. we shall be told you about the most atrocious chapter under within 6 years, a 3rd of our people were exterminating 6000000 jews. like micro to be annihilated. ah, even 77 years after the holocaust hatred towards jews, it is still pervasive. a history of anti semitism this week on d. w. ah

ah ah ah ah . this is dw names live from berlin, a security shake up in ukraine. presidents the landscape fires 2 of his top officials saying that they weren't doing enough to stop their staff colluding with russia. also coming up a nation wide state of emergency is declared in sri lanka, a move the new.