ah, art, history and night life are also on your list. how about here today i want to discover give them with the prize. they want it all more. check in in 30 minutes on d w. ah, what secrets lie behind these walls? discover new adventures in 360 degrees. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. d. w world heritage. 360. get the app now you ah. the demons are created. as soon as we arrive on the planets we stop making things. we even create ourselves as individuals and build and invent with all the tools at our disposal. when it comes to technology and genetic engineering,

the possibilities are almost endless. our aah! welcome to you tomorrow to day the science program on d. w. ah, for thousands of years we humans have used other living creatures for our own purposes. we've changed their characteristics through breeding. wild animals have been domesticated and brake to be productive and easier to keep and rear. new plant varieties also give much higher yields than their wild counterparts, but breeding is a lengthy process. changes occur generation by generation usually over the course of many years. modern science can drastically shorten this reading time. simple reading is largely

a thing of the past to day is all about genetic engineering. intervening directly in the genome, not only speeds up the creation of new traits. it's also more precise than ever before. for the 1st time in history, humans are becoming creators of new species. even the human genome could become part of this technical revolution. the instructions for building a human being are stored in its dna. the information is hidden here in a long chain made up of 4 different building blocks, using so called genetic scissors. dna can be caught at specific locations and modified. and it's getting faster, cheaper, and more precise than ever in just a few years. these scissors have become one of the most important tools in the

world's genetics labs. genetic scissors work on plants and animals. and even on humans, they're universal. and that's why they have such huge potential. the new technology is so powerful that in just a few years, it's become of fundamental technique for geneticists. in modern plant breeding in research and in medicine, but with great power comes great responsibility. should humans intervene in the blueprint of a living being? is it crossing an ethical boundary in creating new species, many fear that humans are playing god. genetic scissors are

already being used in a wide range of applications, like customized plant breeding. and the development of new drugs, treatments, and vaccines. it's created a lot of excitement in medical research, but some people are frightened by the technology. geneticist, professor joachim vit boat says society needs to be aware of the opportunities and dangers, especially when it comes to human applications. he frog isn't mobile film on this. i question is always about what you use it for lines of, and i think in basic research, the risks are very limited. rochelle, but it's use on humans. get the very big topic for discussion. a mix theme fall is on a dub. it's crucial that people with concerns are included from the very beginning, doesn't that they're informed about the facts, you phone on and not left with some kind of vague message like, oh, well,

there's still a big incalculable residual risk. dyson goes, his own colleague, but rather to tell people very clearly what the deal is and what it isn't involved in waltney. ah, some researchers already have grand dreams of resurrecting extinct animals. could jurassic park become reality? could we bring the ancient bird archy, opt to rec, back to life? resurrection would only be possible if the original genetic material could still be read, recreating live from fossils that are millions of years old. is pure science fiction for now. but even if it becomes possible in the future, the environment of these animals also disappeared. millions of years ago. where would they live and who would benefit from them? from more recent species, like the mammoth genetic material is preserved in the permafrost of siberia,

a resurrection could be feasible in the near future. but should humans be allowed to reverse extinction? ah, the montezuma, but we will try to all of that. i'm certain that on chelsea, i don't think it will actually bring viable species back to lightly because far too many errors would be incorporated and you both. and if the population of organisms that you bring back is large enough, the more than mistakes could very well we'd themselves out if you let them low, but that would probably result in something new done give. i don't think you'd end up with the extinct species bag of an bread or something new would evolve, has gone up me to hudson. and as the teacher taught safely, it was noise and with gene manipulation is nothing new. in the agriculture industry, genetically optimized plants yield bigger profits. ethical concerns about the

intervention in plants genome are comparatively low. even though we still don't fully understand the impact this will have on the environment. ah, society has far more heated debates about genetic modification on animals. farm animals are now genetically optimized and not just to produce more meat. scientists also look to genetic engineering to protect animals from diseases. domestic pigs, for example, could receive immunity to swine fever. the disease is in fatal to their wild relative award hog. thanks to gene variance, scientists hope to transfer them to domestic pigs. ah, and what's possible for animals in principle could work on humans too.

but nothing in the field of genetic engineering is more controversial than intervention in the human genome. how far can we go with ourselves? it's tempting to think that we might be able to cure cancer, prevent hereditary diseases, stop epidemics, and halt the effects of age. imagine using genetic scissors to cut out all defects directly from the genome and replacing them with health and genes. mm hm. is that what we want them? maybe one day genetic engineering will allow us to cure most diseases and correct most defects. but who decides what is a defect? and what simply is an undesirable trait? here we enter the murky territory of customization, designing humans. and no one really knows the full extent of the risks that entails

ah, do we even know all the possible side effects of gene therapy? and can they be controlled? theologian and chair of the german ethics council, pita dab oak says questions like these go hand in hand with the ethical dilemmas that arise from the rapid progress of genetic engineering is a milking effect at the hub. the potential side effects haven't been clarified and neither again, that's why we would need to wait several generations. up until i try to establish that there really are no high risk consequences or easy cool for any of the offspring. anakin hopped on to think could can't, and shouldn't be scientists alone who decide these developments. one thing there needs to be a wide spread global discourse buying at is cross ah,

however, we have seen a few success stories in modern gene therapy already. one example is blood cancer treatment. many doctors see great potential in the new technology. in the future, diseases could be cured that are untreatable today. but how far can we take it? should we even interfere with the genetic material of an egg or an embryo? this is known as human germ line engineering and his band for reproductive purposes in many countries, including germany. but what if it could be used to prevent diseases before birth? in germ line therapy, a genetic defect is removed at fertilization, or shortly after. in the subsequent cell divisions, all new cells carry the altered genetic material including the

reproductive or jerome cells. not only is the baby short of the defect, they will also not pass it on to their future offspring. and whether or not this sort of intervention is justified as a question for lawmakers as well. how can you efficiently prevent malpractice? isn't at all possible to avoid that people will abuse these laws and carry out in humane experiments when it comes to the life of an unborn child who gets to decide what's best for it, parents, doctors, or politicians. what starts out as a medical treatment could lead to the creation of design or super humans, and a form of artificial evolution been as doth so

vivid us even if we could do this. so i don't think we should do it on this bill to food us as i would be in favor of fundamentally ruling it out on those. otherwise, you really are opening up a path for new evolutions from and for me that's very clearly a human experiment. his door was on field under them go in for historical reasons and for many other reasons. that should never take place anywhere in the world. negotiate a list. and having said that, i'm enough of a realist to say that there will be places where it's done, financier, whether a financial or other interest on fun. i go. and so it's easy to imagine this sparking a new kind of evolution of human kind. ah, we're at a crossroads. genetic engineering will change our lives, whether our future is shaped by the opportunities or dangers is up to us. ah, we asked what you think. should humans intervene in the human g name,

or should this be off limits? so so says he understands the need for limits. the potential in this field is incredible and it will be a great challenge for the future of human kind. but he also says that science fiction works like brave new world and blade runner have wound us about the risks of creating a society of different genetic costs. it's a see a guy brow thinks we need to end hunger fast. shins, murray, i writes that we are living beings in a process of allotment. let's not confuse science with evolution. the case, man, how to clock out of fear today. humans have replaced the club with science out of fear, but we're still afraid. fear is about advisor and jessica 71 asks if we really need to reduce the diversity that exists in nature.

thanks for getting in touch. in as we evolved into humans, we invented tools that greatly expanded the scope of our abilities. that's been the crucial difference between us and of animals. ah, take climbing squirrels and much more adept than we are. but with a ladder, we can get up that too. we're not as fast as them, but we have other ways of increasing our speed. ah, we've also invented tools to help our vision in all kinds of ways and not us even hope of creating devices that enabled power play jacks to walk again. swiss researchers have seen promising results being able to paddle across the lake by yourself, despite being paralyzed or riding a recumbent bike, which you move with your arm and leg power. researchers use these images of freedom

to advertise what's possible after only 5 months of training. the co head of this project says it gives many patients hope i live person tesile simply the target group. if people with paraplegic filled with various degrees of severity to present his spinal cord is completely injured with that is they can't move or feel anything was held to what's the goal of our research is to establish the method as a standard treatment without our shesha nickos also swap noble. it's made possible by an implant in the lower still intact spinal cord. 16 electrodes amplified the movement. impulses stimulating the nerves that move the muscles. research on the principle has been conducted for more than 10 years. furs paraplegic rats learned to walk again. later, researchers successfully applied the method to monkeys. in 2018 electrical

stimulation enabled the 1st patients with partial spinal cord injury to walk again . now the latest step with especially developed implant chrissy that more review slee visa electrodes were used for pain management. hello. now we have specifically designed implants that are longer and wider. they allow us to reach all the motor nerves and the legs and the pelvic muscles musically. these are, this makes movements much more precise, especially sideways. what various activities can be selected on the connected tablet. in addition to walking, swimming is also possible. for example, if all goes according to plan, the development from the zan should be available worldwide within 2 to 3 years. science is widely considered the dominant human sense in many cultures at least, which is why there's art and so much other visual evidence of human kind like photos and videos,

which really fond of looking at other people and animals tape and our means of capturing these images is evolving the wrong cali circus now features holographic animals and it doesn't stop that at 1st glance, they seem so real that you could touch them but really they're nothing more than light or illusions as mathias mangold calls them, bringing them to life takes so how do whole the grams work. there are various ways to create 3 d images in space. and mathias bungled is about to reveal the secret of one of these techniques for us. it takes a lot of eli knees and vast spinning rotors. they will come a call,

my interest for the holograms actually come about to rotor blades like this one is that they have lots of these small white alley dees gun which generate light through the number of rotations per minute with up to one the rotor move. so quickly that the human i no longer register as it comes and we basically only see the holographic image. dog with y'all is in one of the full accomplish opinion. another technique can be used to create 3 d avatars in something called a value metric studio, where 32 cameras record a person or object from multiple angles today, holocaust survivor, eva m love, is being filmed. a way of preserving her story for future generations. vienna found the let's we were the last our transport went from set it to nevada, whole viet unfriendly. from there we were taken to auschwitz ousley, this is the spirit, is i the image is different air in 3 dimensions. it's more alive and morrill. yeah

. in that i the men see, own, and it's, you know, and, and for me that it's there for generations to come in and husband plight when than it is. it is the form technology authorization. that's fine with me for me. sorry, not do i saw part of the message you some see the dream of a life like whole. the gram began with this movie character princess layer. she appeared with an important message in the 1977 star wars for episode, just 40 years later, holograms can behave just like humans and even fall in love, at least in movies, like here in blade runner, 2049. mm hm. the gram seem just a disturbing, futuristic fantasy at the same time. the market for virtual and mixed realities is booming by 2030. it's expected to be worth more than $30000000000.00 us dollars. whatever the technological developments hold the grounds that can speak to us in

real time like princess layer are still just fiction. wendy, that on thing and thought, if you think install this princess layer who appears as a 100 grand and 2, you could do that today by creating a honda graphic fill. that the thing that i did i night on someone to be fighting with a lightsaber. i'm one hot a gun, wiping out the other that wouldn't work. i guess that would be a whole different way of interaction. because under into i feel the door. not everything that we call a hologram is real hello graphy. to explain this to us, the physicist has set up an experiment with her colleague york in ball is alyssa get on diversion. the laser beam is split into here. one of the beams is directed here. all hits this mirror and illuminates, are obs lightens object. the light scattered from the star now reaches his photographic plate, is a photo for hello graphy. we then need a 2nd beam which hits this claim directly on that one. but at this point,

we record a hologram on this photographic plate and then develop it a photo clutter off column. afterwards, we can remove the object here and insert the hologram on dallas indicative oregon the ions it's. it's a complicated process. it's not for nothing that the discovery won the nobel prize in 1977 real whole. the grams are used on id cards and bank notes. they're only visible from a certain angle, whether they're real or pseudo holograms. the 3 d world really has quite a magical effect, and it offers museums new possibilities from making the invisible tangible, or 3 d viruses floated in the air at this recent exhibition in the german city of hill design, along with a pumping heart and a digitized human being giving a vivid insight into things that otherwise remain hidden,

sophisticated technology was again, used to create the illusion. the exhibition curator explains how such a pyramid hologram works with i'm shot and if you look in here from below average, you see that there are 3 screens above i might. that means the object is projected into the space 3 times from different directions. i'm quite yet and either and these channels here are mirrors, you, speaker flick t, they reflect the image is on the screens and seem to bring it together in the middle of the space almost to them that chris impression of spatial depth ativa. it's a fascinating new way to present information and not just for museums, holograms have another advantage. they could soon also be used to store our collective knowledge in data one coffee idea phonographic data storage is ingenious access is because you can actually tack holograms with data. and then you

can get something like a terabytes of data, the size of a sugar key, which is a comparatively high level of data density or the size of an storage device yesterday. the contents of decaying books, whole libraries, or even film archives could be stored and preserved for posterity. using this method all on disks, no bigger than a photograph. and maybe some day will also be able to communicate via the gramm, just like in the star wars movies. if i let is read, why are they only they do you have a science weston? then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if the answer is on the show, we'll send you a little surprised as a fine to come up. just ask this

week's question comes from an auto montero from brazil. why does water have no color taste? oh, smell, bullet shades we consume had a very specific smell, taste and color. it's due to their various ingredient, light, natural, colorings and romance. water doesn't contain any such substances. it's made up of the chemical element, hydrogen and oxygen. these gases are odorless, colorless and tasteless. ah, you can see this in the destination process. water that has been evaporated and then condensed again. it's free of impurities and has no color, taste or smell. it seems to make sense.

without water, there would be no life on earth. all living things needed to survive. a striking color, smell, or taste would be interpreted as a threat by many living beings. clean water presents no danger. totally pure water only exists thin laboratory conditions. usually water flows through layers of rocker earth and absorbs minerals or micro nutrients. meaning it does actually taste a little that something sodium makes it salty. calcium and magnesium provide a slightly bitter taste. ion meanwhile, gives the lexia of life a metallic tang. that's one reason why we don't find water in metal bottles. the material of the container affects the flavor of the water.

glass bottles are best. they retain the natural clean taste you'll find more exciting science stories on our website and on twitter. that's all for this week on tomorrow to day. thanks for watching and join us again next week. until then stay curious. ah ah, with

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o has no limits. love is for everybody. love is live. i love matters and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn sharma and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that north divide and denied this. i have invited many deer and well known guests, and i would like to invite you to an in india a lot of contrasts of ambitions of inequality ah 75 years ago. mahatma gandhi peacefully led the country to independence, full of ideals. what is remained of his vision

with what's the status of human rights and social justice in what's called the world's largest democracy with is the moment to unleash on on violet pass and re imagine these teachings or elements to us. ah gandhi's legacy door to august 6th on d w. ah, ah, this is data, believe news, and these are our top stories. ukraine's president phil automates zalinski has bowed to retake occupied territory and said russia knows ye crime will. when he

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