who we are here is actually on fire made for mines last has no limits of love as for every body. love is live. i love matters. and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn shire mom and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that more divide and deny that this. i have invited many deer and well known guests. and i would like to invite you to an in humans, a creative as soon as we arrive on the planets, we stop making things. we even create ourselves as individuals and build an event with all the tools at our disposal. when it comes to technology and genetic

engineering, the possibilities are almost endless. our aah! welcome to you tomorrow to day the science program on d w. ah, for thousands of years we humans have used other living creatures for our own purposes. we've changed their characteristics through breeding. wild animals have been domesticated and great to be productive and easier to keep and rear. oh, new plant varieties also give much higher yields than their wild counterparts. but breeding is a lengthy process. changes occurred generation by generation usually over the course of many years. modern science can drastically shorten this waiting time. simple breeding is largely

a thing of the past. today is all about genetic engineering. intervening directly in the genome, not only speeds up the creation of new traits. it's also more precise than ever before. for the 1st time in history, humans are becoming creators of new species. even the human genome could become part of this technical revolution. the instructions for building a human being are stored in its dna. the information is hidden here in a long chain made up of 4 different building blocks using so called genetic scissors. dna can be caught at specific locations and modified, and it's getting faster, cheaper, and more precise than ever in just a few years. these scissors have become one of the most important tools in the world's genetics labs. genetic scissors work on plants and animals. and

even on humans, they're universal, and that's why they have such huge potential the new technology is so powerful that in just a few years, it's become of fundamental technique for geneticists. in modern plant breeding in research and in medicine. but with great power comes great responsibility, should humans intervene in the blueprint of a living being? is it crossing an ethical boundary? in creating new species, many fear that humans are playing god. genetic scissors are

already being used in a wide range of applications like customized plant breeding and the development of new drugs, treatments, and vaccines. it's created a lot of excitement in medical research, but some people are frightened by the technology. geneticist, professor joachim vit boat says society needs to be aware of the opportunities and dangers, especially when it comes to human applications. p fog isn't mobile fume and as i question is always about what you use it for lines of. and i think in basic research, the risks are very limited. rochelle, but it's use on humans. you the are the very big topic for discussion a mix. the info is on a dub. it's crucial that people with concerns are included from the very beginning . doesn't that they're informed about the facts and fun on and not left with some kind of vague message like, oh, well, there's still

a big incalculable residual risk. dyson goes, his own colleague, but rather to tell people very clearly what the deal is and what it isn't involved in waltney. ah, some researchers already have grand dreamed of resurrecting extinct animals. could jurassic park become reality? could we bring the ancient bird archy, opt to rec, back to life? resurrection would only be possible if the original genetic material can still be read, recreating live from fossils that are millions of years old. is pure science fiction for now. but even if it becomes possible in the future, the environment of these animals also disappeared. millions of years ago. where would they live and who would benefit from them? for more reason, species like the mammoth genetic material is preserved in the permafrost of siberia,

a resurrection could be feasible in the near future. but should humans be allowed to reverse extinction? ah, the minister members though from give we will try to help that. i am certain that on ended halsey. i don't think it will actually bring viable species back to lightly because far too many errors would be incorporated and you both. and if the population of organisms that you bring back is large enough, the more than mistakes could very well we'd themselves out if you let them on a low. but that would probably result in something new done give. i don't think you'd end up with the extinct species bag of me. rather, something new would evolve, has gone up me to hudson, and as the teacher taught safely, it was noise. and with g, manipulation is nothing new. in the agriculture industry, genetically optimized plants yield bigger profits. ethical concerns about the intervention in

a plants genome are comparatively low. even though we still don't fully understand the impact this will have on the environment. ah, society has far more heated debates about genetic modification on animals. farm animals are now genetically optimized and not just to produce more meat. scientists also look to genetic engineering to protect animals from diseases. domestic pigs, for example, could receive immunity to swine fever. the disease is in fatal to their wild relative award hog. thanks to gene variance, scientists hope to transfer them to domestic pigs blue. and what's possible for animals in principle could work on humans to

but nothing in the field of genetic engineering is more controversial than intervention in the human genome. how far can we go with ourselves? it's tempting to think that we might be able to cure cancer, prevent hereditary diseases, stop epidemics, and halt the effects of aging. imagine using genetic scissors to cut out all defects directly from the genome and replacing them with health and genes. is that what we want? them maybe one day genetic engineering will allow us to cure most diseases and correct most defects. but who decides what is a defect? and what simply is an undesirable trait? here we enter the murky territory of customization, designing humans, and no one really knows the full extent of the risks that entails

ah, do we even know all the possible side effects of gene therapy? and can they be controlled? theologian and chair of the german ethics council, pita dab oak says questions like these go hand in hand with the ethical dilemmas that arise from the rapid progress of genetic engineering. is a movie effect. it said, evolve the potential side effects haven't been clarified, and neither again, that's why we would need to wait several generations. up until i try to establish that there really are no high risk consequences. easy, cool for any of the offspring. anakin hopped on to think could can't, and shouldn't be scientists alone who decide these developments want them. there needs to be a wide spread global discourse. you're buying a disc was ah, however,

we have seen a few success stories in modern gene therapy already. one example is blood cancer treatment. many doctors see great potential in the new technology. in the future, diseases could be cured that are untreatable to day. but how far can we take it? should we even interfere with the genetic material of an egg or an embryo? this is known as human germ line engineering and his band for reproductive purposes in many countries, including germany. but what if it could be used to prevent diseases before birth? in germ line therapy, a genetic defect is removed at fertilization, or shortly after. in the subsequent cell divisions, all new cells carry the altered genetic material including the

reproductive, or germ cells. not only is the baby short of the defect, they will also not pass it on to their future offspring. whether or not this sort of intervention is justified is a question for lawmakers as well. how can you efficiently prevent malpractice? is it at all possible to avoid that people will abuse these laws and carry out in humane experiments when it comes to the life of an unborn child who gets to decide what's best for it? parents, doctors, or politicians. what starts out as a medical treatment could lead to the creation of design or super humans, and a form of artificial evolution been as doth so

vivid us, even if we could do this. so i don't think we should do it on the feel of food us as i would be in favor of fundamentally ruling it out on those. otherwise, you really are opening up a path for new evolutions from and for me that's very clearly a human experiment. his door was on field under them go in for historical reasons and from any other reasons that should never take place anywhere in the world. negotiate a list. and having said that, i'm enough of a realist to say that there will be places where it's done, financier, whether a financial or other interest loan fun, i go. and so it's easy to imagine this sparking a new kind of evolution of human kind. ah, we're at a crossroads. genetic engineering will change our lives, whether our future is shaped by the opportunities or dangers is up to us. ah, we are what you think. should humans intervene in the human g name,

or should this be off limits? so so says he understands the need for limits. the potential in this field is incredible and it will be a great challenge for the future of human kind. but he also says that science fiction works like brave new world and blade runner have wound us about the risks of creating a society of different genetic costs. it's a see a guy brow thinks we need to end hunger fast. shins, murray, i writes that we are living beings in a process of allotment. let's not confuse science with evolution. the case, man, how to close out a fair to day. humans have replaced the club with science out of fair, but we're still afraid. fear is about advisor and jessica 71 asks if we really need to reduce the diversity that exists in nature. thanks for getting in touch with them. as we evolved into humans,

we invented tours that greatly expanded the scope of our abilities. that's been the crucial difference between us and other animals. ah, take climbing squirrels and much more adept than we are. but with a ladder we can get up there too. we're not as fast as them, but we have other ways of increasing our speed. ah, we've also invented tools to help our vision in all kinds of ways and not us even hope of creating devices that enabled paraplegics to walk again. swiss researchers have seen promising results being able to paddle across a lake by yourself, despite being paralyzed or riding a recumbent bike, which you move with your arm and leg power. researchers use these images of freedom

to advertise what's possible after only 5 months of training. the co head of this project says it gives many patients hope i live person tesile simply the target group. if people with paraplegic filled with various degrees of severity to present his spinal cord is completely injured with the corporate. that is, they can't move or feel anything to what the goal of our research is to establish the method as a standard treatment. we found that washer nickos also swap noble. it's made possible by an implant in the lower still intact spinal cord. 16 electrodes amplify the movement. impulses stimulating the nerves that move the muscles. research on the principle has been conducted for more than 10 years. furs paraplegic rats learn to walk again. later, research is successfully applied the method, the monkeys. in 2018 electrical stimulation enabled the 1st patients with partial

spinal cord injury to walk again. now the latest step with especially developed implant chrissy them on previously, these electrodes were used for pain management. hello. now we have specifically designed implants that are longer and wider. they allow us to reach all the motor nerves and the legs and the pelvic muscles musically. these are, this makes movements much more precise, especially sideways. what various activities can be selected on the connected tablet. in addition to walking, swimming is also possible. for example, if all goes according to plan, the development from the zan should be available worldwide within 2 to 3 years. science is widely considered the dominant human sense in many cultures at least, which as wide as art and so much other visual evidence of human kind like photos and videos. what really fond of looking at other people

and animals tape and our means of capturing these images is evolving the wrong cali circus now features holographic animals and it doesn't stop that at 1st glance, they seem so real that you could touch them but really they're nothing more than light or illusions, as mathias mangold calls them, bringing them to life takes so how do whole the grams work? there are various ways to create 3 d images in space. and mathias bungled is about to reveal the secret of one of these techniques. for us. it takes a lot of alaneese and vast spinning rotors,

they will come on come either through the holograms actually come about to rotor blades like this one because it's missing. they have lots of these small white ellie diese gun which generate light through the number of rotations per minute. what up to one, the road him of so quickly that the human i no longer registers it. um and we basically only see the holographic image dog worth in one of the full accomplish opinion. another technique can be used to create 3 d avatars in something called a volumetric studio where 32 cameras record a person or object from multiple angles. today, holocaust survivor, eva m loft is being filmed. a way of preserving her story for future generations. vienna vandy let's we with alaska are transport went from set it to nev ocoee via unfairly from there we were taken to al schmidt's owsley, this is, that's been the is the image is different air in 3 dimensions. it's more alive and

more real. yeah. in that i demand seo and, and it's, you know, it, and for me that it's there for generations to come in at high blood when venice is the form technology off is akin, that's fine with me for me. sorry. not too high for part of the message. you some see the dream of a life like hologram began with this movie character. princess leyha. she appeared with an important message in the 1977 star wars. for episode. just 40 years later, holograms can behave just like humans and even fall in love, at least in movies like here in blade runner torn 49. mm hm. the gram seem just a disturbing, futuristic fantasy. at the same time, the market for virtual and mixed realities is booming by 2030. it's expected to be worth more than $30000000000.00 us dollars. whatever the technological developments hold the grounds that can speak to us in real time like princess lia are still just

fiction, wendy, that ending and thought if you think install this princess layer, who appears as a hologram and talk like you could do that today by creating a holographic phil that that was a yeah. i did, i night or some one to be fighting with a lightsaber and one hot a gun, wiping out the other that wouldn't work. cuz that would be a whole different way of interaction. because under interaction the dime, not everything that we call a hologram is real hello graphy. to explain this to us, the physicist has set up an experiment with her colleague york in ball is alyssa get on diversion. the laser beam is split into here at one of the beams is directed here. how hits this mirror and illuminates our object. it involves act . the light scattered from the star now reaches his photographic plate. is a photo for hello graphy. we then need a 2nd beam which hits this claim directly. i wonder, at this point, we record

a hologram on this photographic plate and then develop it a photo plotter, off column. afterwards, we can remove the object here and insert the hologram on dallas indicative oregon. yeah, i and that's it's a complicated process. it's not for nothing that the discovery won the nobel prize in 1977 real whole. the grams are used on id cards and bank notes. they're only visible from a certain angle, whether they're real or pseudo holograms. the 3 the world really has quite a magical effect. and it offers museums new possibilities from making the invisible tangible war 3 d viruses floated in the air. at this recent exhibition in the german city of hill design, along with a pumping heart and a digitized human being, giving a vivid insight into things that otherwise remain hidden. sophisticated

technology was again, used to create the illusion. the exhibition curator explains how such a pyramid hologram works with i'm shot and if you look in here from below average, you see that there are 3 screens above i might. that means the object is projected into the space 3 times from different directions. i'm quite yet, and these are and these channels here are mirrors. you figure catholic t, they reflect the image is on the screens and seem to bring it together in the middle of the space almost to them that chris impression of spatial depth for people. it's a fascinating new way to present information and not just for museums, holograms have another advantage. they can soon also be used to store our collective knowledge and data a little coffee idea, phonographic data storage is ingenious successes because you can actually tack holograms with data and then, and then you can get something like

a terabytes of data. the size of a should keep up, which is a comparatively high level of data density or the size of a storage device has to day. the contents of decaying books, whole libraries, or even film archives could be stored and preserved for posterity. using this method all on disks, no bigger than a photograph. and maybe some day will also be able to communicate via the gram, just like in the star wars movies. if i have let is read, why are they only they do you have a science question? then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprised as a funky come on, just ask this week's question comes from an auto montero from

brazil. why it is water? have no color taste oh, smell. blue shades we consume had a very specific smell, taste and color. it's due to their various ingredient, light, natural, colorings and romance. water doesn't contain any such substances. it's made up of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen. these gotti, the odorless, colorless and tasteless. ah, you can see this in the destination process. water that has been evaporated and then condensed again. it's free of impurities and has no color, taste or smell. it seems to make sense.

without water, there would be no life on earth. all living things needed to survive. a striking color, smell, or taste would be interpreted as a threat by many living beings. clean water presents no danger. totally pure water only exists in laboratory conditions. usually water flows through layers of rocker earth and absorbs minerals or micro nutrients. meaning it does actually taste a little as something sodium makes it salty. well, calcium and magnesium provide a slightly bitter taste. ion meanwhile, gives the lexia of life a metallic tongue. that's one reason why we don't find water in metal bottles. the material of the container affects the flavor of the water.

glass bottles are best. they retain the natural clean taste you'll find more exciting science stories on our website and on twitter. that's all for this week on tomorrow to day. thanks for watching and join us again next week. until then stay curious. with

who a man with the memories of a woman, a li from syria is born in a female body. forced into marriage. great. far from home,

ali can finally become the person he's always wanted to be. i won't be spared badly . oh, in the 3 for that, and we'll go with it. i was born in berlin. in 75 on d. w. who people in trucks injured when trying to flee the city center and more refugees are being turned away at the board, families, flane's, alma tax in syria. the credit going thing is we're not against them with trade of people fleeing extreme around a rough getting 200 people has sunk in the gmc around the world. more than 300000000 people are seeking refuge for we ask why? because no one should have to flee and make up your own mind. d. w. for mines. imagine how many portions of love are

now in the world, climate change if, if any, off the stores. this is my plan, the way from just one week. how much was can really get we still have time to go. i'm going all with a ah

ah ah ah ah, this is dw news life from berlin me and mar, executes for pro democracy activists. the 4 men had challenged last year's military coup rights group say they weren't, weren't murdered and calling for international action.