will grey, you will be able to see these places in europe are smashing all the records, stepped into a bold adventure. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of you up to record breaking sites on your back to and now also in book form a anastasia of again to sets out with her machete and her expert. i, for the plants and herbs that grow wild in the local area. but however long she forages among the dense grassland,

the plant she's here for is nowhere to be found. anastasia is looking for stevie up a plant in growing demand due to its sweet tasting leaves. at abilene, i and i got a long time ago steve. yeah, go wild here, but not anymore on them. i've never seen it myself, but my mother told me where it used to grow and, and like they're like, well with that. a lot with other medicinal herbs. stevie i used to grow wild on the other side of this fence plant was native here. today, this is pastureland used for grazing livestock. the diversity of native flora has deteriorated, and others are profiting from indigenous inhabitants. ancient knowledge. ah

ah, anastasia melinta is a member of the pie to v tedder and indigenous people in northeastern paraguay. she's from each vasu, a small reservation, close to the brazilian border. the people here live from their own small holdings or from jobs on large scale farms in the vicinity. the pi maintain a traditional way of life that is under acute threat. anastasia, valiant gathers, and cells medicinal plants. her mother and grandmother taught her the properties and benefits of endemic herbs and roots. the pi to v tara have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants. it's the women who preserve this knowledge and pass it on to future generations.

louise are se stops by for a cup of marty. he's the leader of the $500.00 strong reservation. centuries ago, the pi discovered a sweet taste of steel leaves and began using the plant both as a food additive and for rituals. but luis and anastasia drink their marty t unsweetened, as wild stevio is now virtually extinct in paraguay. the pi people and their traditional herb remedies are being squeezed out by the farming industry. their knowledge of stevie as sweetening properties was appropriated. erin year law group thought for good a ha will it was taken away from us to other countries without our consent? dogs do not get b, y b a ha. we respect estie via and are the guardians of our plan. older we want to

preserve our stevio and hope we'll be able to start farming it again here in your cup bilateral border bid. i g u r l. my lab, there are around $15000.00 pi to ve terra. and while they have little land or income to live off to day, global enterprises have capitalized on stevie us sweep benefits. it's a classic case of bio piracy. many brands of soft drinks, candy and chocolate contain stevio, or to be more precise. the chemical compounds that give the plant its sweet taste stevio glucose sides. the recent stevio is so special is that it's leaf extracts are up to $300.00 times sweeter than table sugar and contain 0 calories with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the growing debate over a sugar tax and the negative aspects of artificial sweeteners, stevio has become a global business for the food industry, world wide. the market for stevie based sweeteners is worth around $500000000.00.

that's predicted to almost double by 2028, with an annual growth rate of almost 9 percent wealth. that the pi to v to route are not party to others are making money from their traditional insights about this natural resource. the pi, however, are an urgent need of financial means to protect their land and local biodiversity . the reservation is surrounded by an expanding array of cattle ranches and soi and eucalyptus mana cultures. ah, and while the government supports the big commercial farms, the pi face intimidation and threats. when you got bought the little green, the farm workers shoot at us, which is why we no longer have access to the resources that used to belong to. i

was up with where do you like google but luis, our se, and his community are fighting back together with activists? high to veteran people in paraguay and brazil are trying to claim at least a small share of the stevie market. what they want is compensation. the restoration of their land and the preservation of stevie in the few places. it still grows wild . it's a trying and time consuming undertaking. not made easier by the individual communities living far apart from each other. but there's a crucial step on the horizon for the pie law and order it all. in paraguay, the stevio business seems to have lost relevance these days. the cultivation here is minimal. today's major producer nations, such as china and the u. s. have taken possession of the commodity with corporations caching in on its beneficial properties. they simply grow stevie

themselves leaving the indigenous communities empty handed. the government, in essence yawn, has an at best half hearted commitment to the interests and concerns of the pi. agronomist miguel nevada finds that unacceptable. he's been campaigning in support of the demands of indigenous people for years. this is a steady plant. he's growing in his garden. we can actually just take a leave and eat it. that's candy is delicious. miguel rivera is all too familiar with how the story turns sour. it began with a swiss botanist introduced the plant to europe in the 19th century. although it wasn't until the 1970s that western researchers became interested in stevie as potential. they actually are relied on the tradition lol,

it's of the point of that people, you're gonna need living there to show them where the plants were. they took it basically with no consent of the paint that with that's the 1st thing. that's the 1st act of by a piracy a fight that they didn't consulted with them constituted by piracy bio. piracy refers to the appropriation of genetic resources and knowledge about them without asking for consent or offering anything in return. it might rarely be in the headlines in the western world, but bio piracy is a wide spread phenomenon. the areas most typically targeted by bio pirates are those with a rich biodiversity located primarily in the southern hemisphere. many of them are in the amazon region, india. and the cape of south africa the genetic

resources from such regions covered not just plants like stevie but also animals and micro organisms, all of which have enormous potential for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. and it's precisely in these regions where biodiversity is frequently under threat and in particular need a protection. miguel vera is on his way to the earth market and assume xian using traditional insights about medicinal plans, enables researchers and corporations to save a lot of time and money in their quest for now active and profitable ingredients. miguel rivera knows that the potential is far from exhausted. his native paraguay is a treasure trove. for big pharma. there is a lot of value still. they have many, many options in the paraguayan pharmaca pia, traditional from

a copier to treats many ailments. absolutely. and many are being already in use under exploitation, as we speak. many of them are, have been, i think that by international or translational corporations. historically speaking, there has generally been a free fall on natural resources to curtail that practice. the international community have introduced a range of conventions. the extensible aim of these conventions is to prevent bio piracy and protect species diversity from further damage. one of these agreements is the nagoya protocol coming into force in 2014. this requires countries and companies and seeking to make use of a genetic resource or associated knowledge to pay fair compensation. it's

a principle known as access and benefit sharing. mm. it envisages users and providers of a particular resource, negotiating the form and amount of compensation instead of money. for example, users can provide compensation in the form of conservation projects. so with the legal framework in place and why does bio piracy continue to be so wide spread the botanical gardens of the university of zurich, a favorite haunt of fall, swa, my and back he dedicated years of research to the issue of bio piracy while working for the n g o public eye and says the international agreements are actually construed in a way that favors industrialized nations in our hope is that we're in europe. they say i'm only obliged to by the nagoya protocol if i go

to the country of origin after it came into force, an extract through the resources there were done. no, you the other thoughts, sir? dollar household, the lender, the students in the put the on the countries in the south have a very different interpretation yankee nor you. they say no. the rules must apply to any new use of allergies. and that's a massive difference with you with ox, your knee, doctor you says there i don't need to ask, are compensated anyway. well, i can use it as i like without hoping to conserve biodiversity, abo mondays or even fought if you go by that rule done, they'll only be a minimal amount of benefits sharing, meaning and a minimal amount of compensation. our life is not since keep, if we follow the rules the south for there would be a genuine flow of compensation. latrice. one reason for that disparity is that the neglect protocol was drafted by only a handful of states in the northern hemisphere. and

a raft of nations have yet to even become party to the agreement. but ultimately, the sustainable benefits of biodiversity should be a concern for all of us. a speaking in the fall, mccoy take take pharmaceutical, it's in the sky medication, but also cosmetic sol and foodstuffs for pesticides. and leave an enzyme who's been used. the modern chemical industry health, pretty much everything class and day allows depend on biodiversity. i clicked on the beauty, rosie taxi, please. me, a look around. western supermarkets reveals countless products that contain genetic resources originating in the southern hemisphere. in addition to stevie, there's roy boss, t, as well as chewing gum, and gummy bears coated in car now by wax from brazil. biologies for di, diversity plays a role in all of this products,

access to these genetic resources, and therefore also financial redress. like solomon few consumers know that roy boss t is another case of bio piracy. roy boss originally comes from the cedar berg mountains of south africa. the relatively arid north west of the country is the sole natural source of the plant, and is still the only place worldwide where it is commercially grown. the principal harvest time is between january and april. after being harvested by hand, the bushes are then crushed and machines and spread out to dry. the subsequent fermentation gives the otherwise green plant, its trademark color and name red bush. roy boss is now a major industry south africa has around $300.00 large scale farms producing $20000.00 tons of the crop

a year. south africa exports around $7000.00 tons of roy boss the year to over 60 countries. the biggest roy, both consumers are japan, germany, and the netherlands, followed by britain and the united states. a global business put when it comes to those who 1st turn the dry looking bushes into a healthy cup of tea. the story is similar to the pie in paris, why? the people who originally discovered the benefits of roy boss were bypassed a valley past takes us to a small settlement outside the town of warburton in the heart of the cedar burg mountains. baron salamone is a small holder and the chairman of the warburton original roy boss, cooperative bond and his fellow farmer, amelia equipment,

are descendants of the coin and sun. the indigenous inhabitants of south africa. they both grew up with wild roy, boasts in their local area, cut, crushed, and fermented by hand. traditional knowledge passed on to them by their parents and grandparents who post you knew? yes, the click. i saw a boy was this 1st and foremost good from others who have no milk. well, it's also good against eczema, for it's you. but you didn't be mindful, you grind it down to a fine powder. yeah. and mix it with vaseline, isn't it? oh, those are been busy when we don't have vacillation, as you will use to use animal fat. mike, you do roy roast the armored evoke for. can you use merit on babies? bottoms to remove the rat out of the focus that new my su b. she's proud of the original roy boss as it's grown here in the area around

warburton. also voice we award lost grows in a natural environment because you submitted, there are no chemicals. so you just that nature. in the sunday we boast, plaza, you have a range of wonderful medicinal herbs growing around the roy boss, ivona look, which is also what makes it special that there's value for sco linked to the policy . is that really bar and, and amelia se? industrial producers used the wilbur tal roy boss to give their commercial products a more intense color. it's an industry that flourished thanks to knowledge of native peoples, but their descendants didn't benefit from its lucrative development. laurent and his fellow campaigner, is decided to fight for compensation for the knowledge that has been appropriated from them. as with the pie to the tara in paraguay,

the descendants of the coy san peoples have been largely rendered. landless unemployment is high, particularly among young people. colonial rule and the apartheid regime stripped the coin and son of their native lands. commercial farms remain largely in white hands, barren salamone, and other small scale farmers market their original boy boss as a fair trade product via their cooperative, a vital source of income. but their acreage and market share are too small for them to survive. when international conglomerate nestle patented its own roy bos products in 2012 local small holders, sued for compensation. in 2015, a report published by the south african environment ministry acknowledged the course on intellectual property rights. a decisive step forward

i put in this is a maria to live it because we will not the will that. because the, the neglect protocol and all the policies that, that you, the, of the power for us to negotiate. we will not a will that in the industry at that time they, they say no, there's no way that the coin, the son can be that, that additional lot he told us of this plant, unless they dwell the evidence they will consider talking about the excess and benefit sharing, my recommendation is clear, don't fight verbally. put this on paper. that is a strong evidence that you do have the traditional knowledge of a certain plant. and that perseverance paid off, borrowed solomon was present at the signing of an access and benefit agreement with the south african boy boss industry in 2019. with

today, we are writing a historic wrong a wrong that began almost 500 years ago. the agreement committed one and a half percent of the roy was industry's annual market value, almost 700000 euros to a fund for the course sun. but progress remained slow by the start at 2022. the indigenous peoples had yet to receive any money with payments held up by red tape and industry as so often being in a more powerful position. but baron remains optimistic about getting compensation soon, which would enable him in his community to win back last land. and in the process, secure their livelihoods, and preserve their precious roy boss. talking about r. o and sisters. that is all the teachers. oh, how the plan behave, you accordingly, you just don't cut because it is, it is, i was time. see that you cut it in a sustainable way. if you don't do it in

a sustainable way. that means you don't think about generations to come access and benefits sharing was agreed to in of africa. could something similar be possible in paraguay with the stevie industry, be willing to come to an arrangement with the indigenous pie to v tara. and if not, what reservations do companies have? we approached a number of manufacturers and other beneficiaries of stevie derived products. none agreed to an interview. the international stevie a council, a global trade association responded by e mail me the i s c. and it's members at here to international and domestic rules and regulations. and as such, adhered to the nagoya protocol and the convention on biological diversity as

applicable and swiss based multinational nestle wrote access and benefits sharing and biodiversity is an important issue for us. we have also had constructive communications with the n g o public eye on, for example, the subject of stevio these kinds of statements, leaf was swan, my and bag, unimpressed as 1st name or it was so wow, i'm always annoyed when companies we've tried to find solutions with a stressful that they've been talking to and jose done and fulton ya via hobbin. yeah. well, that might be true if spoke. the vital point is whether they're prepared to put that solution into practice and jayden is up. see, bill, i didn't the lose all to, that's the eyes give walker. the only thing that matters is if we do a follow up on the principle and pay compensation for even in cases where it might not be required by local, i get mass nuts, and almo day,

or do i just pay back nothing. the north, when the weather or the tale even need to select. some firms are already taking action among them denita, a supplier of natural cosmetics and medicinal products. this was headquartered multinational firm, also imports natural resources from southern hemisphere, countries such as carnival wax from brazil, and raw tawny root from peru for a net. if people read us, the principle of benefits sharing is an integral part of her company's philosophy. really does need them excess and benefit it welcomes access and benefit sharon, especially in these times of species extinction wasn't garcia. den inside our company uses a wide range of plant based raw materials, a name, and so we're dependent on the preservation and protection of biodiversity. these and thus beauty visited, i'd and like lucas should do it. the leader performs its benefits,

sharing as payments and support for projects on the ground. more the exception than the rule for her on the name misses quality. it's relatively coughlin for company, lynn, at 1st because of the different interpretations of the nagoya protocol from one country to the next. this high stuff. and so what applies in brazil is completely different. india or norm duff and for a global enterprise interpreting the situation correctly. mean that getting legal advice in each country land so that we comply with the respective requirement by the not always legal so often. so for companies, the negotiations and the complicated legal situation caused time as well as financial and human resources. within the sneak in the island and it's a question of owning up to responsibility. but there's a given take like an a partnership this year, which is the principal of the nagoya protocol in size and all you pay compensation for taking knowledge implants from somewhere and generating innovations through

research and development that diskin elliot that's in the it's are being made here without incorporating people in nature at the point of origin only, and that's not fair, even if metallic on and thus as an escalade. ah, a simplified system of compensation instead of protracted negotiations could be one solution for preventing bio piracy and making the process easier for companies. at the same time, phosphor my in bag is confident our collective awareness will change its been musical. thus matoney and poly allan and positive of that a few years from now with people will be talking about bio pirates like i do today about climate offenders. that when you are poverty or needs to leave a tile, society will become less tolerant of companies making profit. so while giving nothing in return, when we often shout on the more cases we have where we can show that the money flowing back benefits conservation or the traditional communities affected,

and then the pressure will continue to grow hubble in mustang paraguay. november 2021. luis, our sir is hosting a special gathering of pi to v to our communities are under his chairmanship. the various representatives have come together to finally speak with a unified voice by signing a joint statement listing their demands all are. it's a historic moment for the pilot bottle and an important document that louise and other campaigners had been working towards since 2016. and the document includes unequivocal proof of the high ted altar as ownership. a traditional knowledge of studia and colds on the international stevie industry to finally provide compensation for that intellectual property. the pies, ultimate objective,

is to buy land in order to secure their future and that of their plants. the last stevie are still growing wild. there we are, after debating the various arguments, the conference participants vote on the different formulations. several hours after the meeting began. it's close to sundown, as luis are safe, finally becomes the 1st to sign the protocol. the next step for the pie to v tara is to take the document with its demands to the stevie industry luis, our se is tired, but content, tea hard bodeo. we've come to an agreement among ourselves so that hopefully they'll finally recognize our rights of now that we've signed this protocol audio

dolls, dba is not just any other wild plant. it belongs to our ancestors. and as part of our culture out it according alcohol, the law is all of the representatives resigned to prayer, to round off the extraordinary meeting. the road ahead is a long and rocky one, but the meeting provides a glimmer of hope for luis asa and his fellow activists and 4 other indigenous peoples who have fallen prey to bio piracy. ah a pulse with the beginning of

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