singh gas consumption. russia says it will soon cut gas supplies through it's and we'll see pipeline to just 20 percent of capacity, if layman's maintenance and the sanctions ukraine's president says russia is now waging open on europe. and that's where we have time to pull you up to date coming out next. our current affairs documentary series close up. now, don't forget, you can always find more news around the clock on a web site. that's d, w dot com, foreign social media apps, d w. i. monica mckinnon. thanks so much for watching. we're all set to go beyond the obvious citizenship and then we're all live as we take on the we're all about the stories that matter to

whatever it takes to leave. i'm following home go. you fire made awe anastasia of again to sets out with her machete and her expert. i for the plants and herbs that grow wild in the local area. but however long she forages among the dense grassland, the plant she's here for is nowhere to be found. anastasia is looking for stevie up a plant in growing demand due to its sweet tasting leaves at abilene. i and i found like a long time ago, steve. yeah, go wild here, but not anymore. i'm on them. okay. i've never seen it myself, but my mother told me where it used to grow and, and like they're like, well with that. along with other medicinal herbs. stevie, i used to grow wild on the other side of this fence. the plant was native here.

today this is posture, land used for grazing livestock. the diversity of native flora has deteriorated, and others are profiting from indigenous inhabitants. ancient knowledge. ah, anastasia melinta is a member of the pi to veto and indigenous people in north eastern paraguay. she's from each vasu, a small reservation, close to the brazilian border. the people here live from their own small holdings, or from jobs on large scale farms in the vicinity. the pi maintain a traditional way of life that is under acute threat.

anastasia, valiant gathers, and cells medicinal plants. her mother and grandmother taught her the properties and benefits of endemic herbs and roots. the pie to v tara have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants. it's the women who preserve this knowledge and pass it on to future generations. luis, are se stops by for a cup of mighty. he's the leader of the $500.00 strong reservation. centuries ago, the pi discovered a sweet taste of steel leaves and began using the plant both as a food additive and for rituals. but luis and anastasia drink their mata, t unsweetened, as wild steve via is now virtually extend in paraguay. the pine people and their

traditional herb remedies are being squeezed out by the farming industry. their knowledge of stevie as sweetening properties was appropriated here and near la luther ordered a ha. will it was taken away from us to other countries without our consent. do not give me one b, a ha. we respect his dea. and are the guardians of our plan as well? the older we want to preserve our dba, and hope will be able to start farming it again. here in your cup by la road bid ru . oh barbara, have there are around $15000.00 pi to ve, tara, and while they have little land or income to live off to day, global enterprises have capitalized on stevie us sweep benefits. it's a classic case of bio piracy. many brands of soft drink, candy and chocolate contain stevio, or to be more precise,

the chemical compounds that give the plant it's sweet taste. stevie old glycol sides with the recent stevie is so special is that it's leaf extracts are up to $300.00 times sweeter than table sugar and contains 0 calories. with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the growing debate over a sugar tax and the negative aspects of artificial sweeteners, stevio has become a global business for the food industry. world wide. the market for stevie based sweeteners is worth around $500000000.00. that's predicted to almost double by 2028, with an annual growth rate of almost 9 percent wealth, that the pi to v to route are not party to others are making money from their traditional insights about this natural resource. the pi, however, are an urgent need of financial means to protect their land and local biodiversity . the reservation is surrounded by an expanding array of cattle ranches and soi and

eucalyptus mana cultures. and while the government supports the big commercial farms, the pi face intimidation and threats you got on the little green on the farm workers shoot at us, which is why we no longer have access to the resources that used to belong to. i was up with, where do you don't google but luis, our se, and his community are fighting back together with activists pi to veteran people in paraguay and brazil are trying to claim at least a small share of the stevie market. what they want is compensation. the restoration of their land and the preservation of stevie in the few places. it still grows wild . it's a trying and time consuming undertaking. not made easier by the individual communities

living far apart from each other. but there's a crucial step on the horizon for the pie law and order it all. in paraguay, the stevio business seems to have lost relevance these days. the cultivation here is minimal. today's major producer nations, such as china and the u. s. have taken possession of the commodity with corporations caching in on it's beneficial properties. they simply grow stevie themselves leaving the indigenous communities empty handed. the government, in essence yawn, has an at best half hearted commitment to the interests and concerns of the pi. agronomist miguel nevada finds that unacceptable. he's been campaigning in support of the demands of indigenous people for years. this is a steady plant. he's growing in his garden actually just take

a leave and either the scandal is delicious. miguel vera is all too familiar with how the story turns sour. it began when a swiss botanist introduced the plant to europe in the 19th century. although it wasn't until the 1970s that western researchers became interested in stevie as potential. they actually are relied on the traditional knowledge of the bank with the people you want or need living there to show them where the plants were. they took it basically with no consent ah, of the point that we thought that's the 1st thing. that's the 1st act of buy a piracy, a fact that they didn't consulted with them constituted by piracy bio. piracy refers to the appropriation of genetic resources and knowledge about them without asking for consent or offering anything in return. it might rarely be in the

headlines in the western world, but bio piracy is a wide spread phenomenon. the areas most typically targeted by bio pirates are those with a rich biodiversity located primarily in the southern hemisphere. many of them are in the amazon region. india. and the cape of south africa the genetic resources from such regions covered not just plants like stevie but also animals and micro organisms, all of which have enormous potential for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. and it's precisely in these regions where biodiversity is frequently under threat and in particular need a protection. miguel vera is on his way to the herb market and assume psion using traditional insights about medicinal plans,

enables researchers and corporations to save a lot of time and money in their quest for no active and profitable ingredients. miguel nevada knows that the potential is far from exhausted. his native paraguay is a treasure trove for big pharma. there is a lot of volume still. they have met many options in the paraguayan pharma copier, traditional from our copier to treat many ailments. absolutely, and many are being already in use under exploitation, as we speak. many of them are, have been, i think that by international or translational corporations. historically speaking, there has generally been a free fall on natural resources to curtail that practice. the international community have introduced

a range of conventions. the ostensible aim of these conventions is to prevent bio piracy and protect species diversity from further damage. one of these agreements is the nagoya protocol coming into force in 2014. this requires countries and companies and seeking to make use of a genetic resource or associated knowledge to pay fair compensation. it's a principle known as access and benefits sharing. it envisages users and providers of a particular resource, negotiating the form and amount of compensation instead of money. for example, users can provide compensation in the form of conservation projects. so with a legal framework in place, why does bio piracy continue to be so wide spread?

the botanical gardens of the university of zurich, a favorite haunt of fall swan my and back he dedicated years of research to the issue of bio piracy while working for the n g o. public eye and says the international agreements are actually construed in a way that favors industrialized nations. in oil park is thus newer in europe. they say, i'm only obliged to abide by the nagoya protocol. if i go to the country of origin after it came into force and extracted through the resources there was done nor you the other thoughts, sir. dalton, household, the lender, the students in the, put the on the but countries in the south have a very different interpretation. yegell. nor you, they say, no, the rules must apply to any new you suit kennedy's, and that's a massive difference with you with ox, your knee thought that you says there, i don't need to ask, are compensate anyway?

well, i can use it as i like without hoping to conserve biodiversity, abo mondays or even fought if you go by that rule done. there will only be a minimal amount of benefits sharing, meaning and a minimal amount of compensation out like it's not since keep, if we follow the rule, the south, we thought there would be a genuine flow to compensation silicon. one reason for that disparity is that the neglect protocol was drafted by only a handful of states in the northern hemisphere. and a raft of nations have yet to even become party to the agreement. but ultimately, the sustainable benefits of biodiversity should be a concern for all of us. let's begin in the fall mccoy take take pharmaceutical lesson medication, but also cosmetic sal, and foodstuffs to pesticides. and even an enzyme has been used by the modern chemical industry home. pretty much everything class and day our lives depend on biodiversity. if i click on the beauty rosie taxi, please me

a look around. western supermarkets reveals countless products that contain genetic resources originating in the southern hemisphere. in addition to studia, there's roy boss t, as well as chewing gum and gummy bears coded in car. now by wax from brazil. biology is until july diversity plays a role in all of these products, told us is access to these genetic resources and therefore also financial redress life. solomon few consumers know that roy boss t is another case of bio piracy. roy boss originally comes from the cedar berg mountains of south africa. the relatively arid north west of the country is the sole natural source of the plant, and is still the only place world wide where it is commercially grown.

the principal harvest time is between january and april. after being harvested by hand, the bushes are then crushed in machines and spread out to dry. the subsequent fermentation gives the otherwise green plant, its trademark color and name. red bush. roy boss is now a major industry south africa has around $300.00 large scale farms producing $20000.00 tons of the crop a year. south africa exports around 7000 tons of roy boston here to over 60 countries. the biggest roy boss, consumers are japan, germany, and the netherlands followed by britain and the united states. a global business put when it comes to those who 1st turned the dry looking bushes into a healthy cup of tea. the story is similar to the pie in paraguayan. the people who originally discovered the benefits of roy boss were bypassed. a valley past takes

us to a small settlement outside the town of warburton in the heart of the cedar burg mountains. baron salamone is a small holder, and the chairman of the warburton original roy boss cooperative. ah, but and, and his fellow farmer, amelia cook, man, are descendants of the coin and sun. the indigenous inhabitants of south africa. they both grew up with wild roy boss in their local area, cut, crushed, and fermented by hand. traditional knowledge passed on to them by their parents and grandparents. austin. yes. look like i said, boy,

was this 1st and foremost good for mothers who have no milk. well, it's also good against eczema, but it's you, but you do the model, you grind it down to fine powder yet, and mix it with vaseline, isn't it? oh, those are been busy when we don't have vacillation as well. you that you use animal fat, mike, you do go about the producers use the warburton roy boss to give their commercial products a more intense color. it's an industry that flourished thanks to knowledge of native peoples, but their descendants didn't benefit from its lucrative development. i was burnt, and his fellow campaigner is decided to fight for compensation for the knowledge that has been appropriated from them. as with the pie to the tara in paraguay, the descendants of the coy san peoples have been largely rendered. landless unemployment is high, particularly among young people,

colonial rule and the apartheid regime. strip the coin and son of their native lands. commercial farms remain largely in white hands, barren, solomon and others, small scale farmers market their original boy boss as a fair trade product via their cooperative, a vital source of income, but their acreage and market share are 2 more for them to survive. when international conglomerate nestle patented its own roy bones, products in 2012 local small holders, sued for compensation in 2015, a report published by the south african environment ministry, acknowledged the course on intellectual property rights. a decisive step forward. i put it this is um maricel with hampton because we were not aware of that because the, the nuclear protocol and all the policies that that viewed the of the powers for us

to negotiate. we were not aware of that in the industry at that time. they, they say no, there's no way that the coin, the son can be that, that additional knowledge, all is of this plant. unless they do with the evidence, they will consider a, talking about the exercise and benefit sharing. my recommendation is clear, don't fight verbally. put this on paper, that is a strong evidence that you do have the traditional knowledge of a certain plunked. and that perseverance paid off, borrowed solomon was present at the signing of an access and benefit agreement with the south african boy boss industry in 2019. with today, we are writing a historic wrong a wrong that began almost 500 years ago. the agreement committed one and

a half percent of the robust industry's annual market value, almost 700000 euros to a fund for the course on. but progress remained slow by the start at 2022. the indigenous peoples had yet to receive any money with payments held up by red tape and industry as so often being in a more powerful position. but baron remains optimistic about getting compensation soon, which would enable him in his community to win back loss, bland, and in the process, secure their livelihoods, and preserve their precious roy boss. talking about, oh, ancestors. that is all the teachers. oh, how the plan behave. you accordingly, you just don't cut because he does it is i was time. see that you cut it in a sustainable way. if you don't do it in a sustainable way, that means you don't think about generations to come access and benefits

sharing was agreed to in south africa. could something similar be possible in paraguay with the stevie industry, be willing to come to an arrangement with the indigenous pie to v tara. and if not, what reservations do companies have? we approached a number of manufacturers and other beneficiaries of studia derived products. none agreed to an interview with the international stevie a council. a global trade association responded by e mail me the i a c and its members at here to international and domestic rules and regulations. and as such, adhered to the nagoya protocol and the convention on biological diversity as applicable and swiss based multinational nestle wrote access and benefits sharing and biodiversity is an

important issue for us. we have also had constructive communications with the n g o public eye on, for example, the subject of stevio. these kinds of statements lif was swa my and back unimpressed. as 1st momma. it was so wow, i'm always annoyed when companies we've tried to find solutions with a physical strength that they've been talking to. and jos done on fulton, ya via hobbin. yeah. well, that might be true if walk. the vital point is whether they're prepared to put that solution into pride. us and jayden is up see, but i think the lose them also as it's the eyes give log. the only thing that matters is if we do a follow up on the principle and pay compensation of thought, even in cases where it might not be required by local i q, mass not synonymous, or do i just pay back nothing. the north, when the weather or the tale ebony should select some firms are already

taking action among them denita a supplier of natural cosmetics and medicinal products. this was headquartered multinational firm, also imports natural resources from southern hemisphere, countries such as carnival wax from brazil, and raw tawny route from peru for a net people read us. the principle of benefits sharing is an integral part of her company's philosophy. really does need him accessing benefit, it welcomes access and benefit sharon, especially in these times of species extinction wasn't garcia. den inside our company uses a wide range of plant based, raw materials, a name and so were dependent on the preservation and protection of biodiversity. these and thus beauty visited, i'd and like lucas should stay with the leader, performs its benefits, sharing as payments and support for projects on the ground. more the exception than the rule firm didn't wanna name mrs. quality. it's relatively calling for

a company lender 1st because of the different interpretations of the nagoya protocol from one country to the next, this high stuff. and so what applies in brazil is completely different to india or not gus and for a global enterprise. interpreting the situation correctly mean that getting legal advice in each country land so that we comply with the respective requirement by the not always legal so often. so for companies, the negotiations and the complicated legal situation caused time as well as financial and human resources within the sneak in the island. and it's a question of owning up to responsibility. but there's a given take like an a partnership this year, which is the principle of the nagoya protocol in size and all you pay compensation for taking knowledge implants from somewhere and generating innovations through research and development data skin elliot, that's in the it's are being made here without incorporating people and nature at the point of origin boned, and that's not fair, even if the tie leaked orange dust,

sandy skylight, a simplified system of compensation instead of protracted negotiations, could be one solution for preventing bio piracy and making the process easier for companies at the same time, false while my and bag is confident, our collective awareness will change the spring musical. that money and pol yalom and positives for that a few years from now with people will be talking about bio pirates like i do today about climate defenders that manual poverty meets the over time in society will become less tolerant. companies making profit. so while giving nothing in return, we often shout it's on the more cases we have where we can show that the money flowing back benefits conservation or the traditional commodities affected, and the pressure will continue to grow hubble image, psych, paraguay, november 2021.

luis, our se is hosting a special gathering of pi to v to ra communities under his chairmanship. the various representatives have come together to finally speak with the unified voice by signing a joint statement listing their demands all are. it's a historic moment for the parent portal and an important document that louise and other campaigners had been working towards since 2016. i think the document includes unequivocal proof of the high ted altar as ownership of traditional knowledge of studia and calls on the international stevie industry to finally provide compensation for that intellectual property. the pies ultimate objective is to buy land in order to secure their future and that of their plants. the last stevie are still growing wild. you are after debating the various arguments,

the conference participants vote on the different formulations. several hours after the meeting began. it's close to sundown, as luis, our se finally becomes the 1st to sign the protocol. the next step for the pie to veto is to take the document with its demands to the stevie industry. luis, i said, is tired, but content. she hod bodeo, we've come to an agreement among ourselves so that hopefully they'll finally recognize our rights of now that we've signed this protocol, as dba is not just any other wild plans, it belongs to our ancestors. and as part of our culture out it go to alcohol, the law is oh,

the representatives resigned to prayer to round off the extraordinary meeting. 2 the road ahead is a long and rocky one, but the meeting provides a glimmer of hope for luis asa and his fellow activists and 4 other indigenous peoples who have fallen prey to bio piracy. ah. law has no limits. a love is for every body. blouse is life, i love matters and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn sharma. and

i really think we need to talk about all the topics that north divides and denied that this. i have invited many deer and well known guests. and i would like to invite you to an end. his goal is establishing a good order. changing pan president of the global power china is part of a whole system which believes his time has come. he relies on an authoritarian system of total surveillance on economic expansion without scruples had again and again, she provokes and threatens with military aggression. the chinese president believes that his way is for superior than that of western democracy. china's president, she ging ping distorts july 30th on d. w. ah,

this week on world stories, germany a year after the flood. uganda battling air pollution. but we begin in latvia where a drone manufacturer is seeing a spike in demand because of the ukraine war. many of the companies employees are from ukraine.