president of the global power china is part of a whole system which believes his time has come. he relies on an authoritarian system of total surveillance on economic expansion without scruples had again and again he provokes and threatens with military aggression. the chinese president believes that his weight is for superior than that of western democracy. china's president changing paying starts july 30th on d, w. i n a stacy of again to sets out with her machete and her expert. i for the plants and herbs that grow wild in the local area. but however long she forages among the dense grassland, the plant she's here for is nowhere to be found. anastasia is looking for stevie up

a plant in growing demand due to its sweet tasting leaves at abilene. i end up having like a long time ago, steve. yeah, go wild here, but not anymore on them. okay. i've never seen it myself, but my mother told me where it used to grow and, and like they're like, well with that. along with other medicinal herbs. stevie, i used to grow wild on the other side of this fence. the plant was native here. today this is past your land used for grazing livestock. the diversity of native flora has deteriorated, and others are profiting from indigenous inhabitants. ancient knowledge ah anesthesia into is

a member of the pie to have vito an indigenous people in northeastern paraguay. she's from each vasu, a small reservation, close to the brazilian border. the people here live from their own small holdings, or from jobs on large scale farms in the vicinity. the pi maintain a traditional way of life that is under acute threat. anastasia, valiant gathers, and cells medicinal plants. her mother and grandmother taught her the properties and benefits of endemic herbs and roots. the pi to v tara have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants. it's the women who preserve this knowledge and pass it on to future generations.

luis, are se stops by for a cup of mighty. he's the leader of the $500.00 strong reservation. centuries ago, the pi discovered the sweet taste of steel leaves and began using the plant both as a food additive and for rituals. but luis and anastasia drink their mighty tea unsweetened, as wild stevie is now virtually extinct in paraguay. the pi people and their traditional herb remedies are being squeezed out by the farming industry. their knowledge of studious sweetening properties was appropriated. erin, year, law group, thought, ordered a ha will it was taken away from us to other countries without our consent. do not get b y b a ha, we respect this dba and are the guardians of our planet audio ordered. we want to preserve our dba and how will be able to start farming it again here in pick up by

a lovely little bit. are you oh wow, well my love, there are around 15000 pi to ve terra. and while they have little land or income to live off to day, global enterprises have capitalized on stevie us sweep benefits. it's a classic case of bio piracy. many brands of soft drinks, candy and chocolate contain stevio, or to be more precise, the chemical compounds that give the plant it's sweet, tasty, stevio glycol sites. the recent stevie is so special is that it's leaf extracts are up to $300.00 times sweeter than table sugar and contains 0 calories. with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the growing debate over a sugar tax and the negative aspects of artificial sweeteners, stevio has become a global business for the food industry. world wide. the market for stevie based sweeteners is worth around $500000000.00. that's predicted to almost double by 2028,

with an annual growth rate of almost 9 percent wealth, that the pi to v to route are not party to others are making money from their traditional insights about this natural resource. the pi, however, are an urgent need of financial means to protect their land and local biodiversity . the reservation is surrounded by an expanding array of cattle ranches and soy and eucalyptus monta cultures. ah, and while the government supports the big commercial farms, the pi face intimidation and threats. and you got the little green on the farm workers shoot at us, which is why we no longer have access to the resources that used to belong to. i was up with where did i google but luis, our se,

and his community are fighting back together with activists high to veteran people in paraguay and brazil are trying to claim at least a small share of the stevie market. what they want is compensation. the restoration of their land and the preservation of stevie in the few places. it still grows wild . it's a trying and time consuming undertaking. not made easier by the individual communities living far apart from each other. but there's a crucial step on the horizon for the pie law and order it all. in paraguay, the stevio business seems to have lost relevance these days. the cultivation here is minimal. today's major producer nations, such as china and the u. s. have taken possession of the commodity with corporations caching in on its beneficial properties. they simply grow stevie

themselves leaving the indigenous communities empty handed. the government, in essence yawn, has an at best half hearted commitment to the interests and concerns of the pi. agronomist miguel vera finds that unacceptable. he's been campaigning in support of the demands of indigenous people for years. this is a steady plant. he's growing in his garden. they can actually just take a leave and eat it. there's candy is delicious. miguel vera is all too familiar with how the story turns sour. it began with a swiss botanist introduced the plant to europe in the 19th century. although it wasn't until the 19 seventy's that western researchers became interested in stevie as potential. they actually are relied on the traditional knowledge of the bi, done with the people of the water need live in there to show them where the plants

were. they took it basically with no consent of the paint that with that's the 1st thing. that's the 1st act of by a piracy a fight that they didn't consulted with them constituted by piracy bio. piracy refers to the appropriation of genetic resources and knowledge about them without asking for consent or offering anything in return. it might rarely be in the headlines in the western world, but bio piracy is a wide spread phenomenon. the areas most typically targeted by bio pirates are those with a rich biodiversity located primarily in the southern hemisphere. many of them are in the amazon region. india. and the cape of south africa the genetic resources from such regions covered not just plants like stevio,

but also animals and micro organisms, all of which have enormous potential for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. and it's precisely in these regions where biodiversity is frequently under threat and in particular need a protection. miguel vera is on his way to the herb market and assumes john using traditional insights about medicinal plans, enables researchers and corporations to save a lot of time and money in their quest for now. active and profitable ingredients began. olvera knows that the potential is far from exhausted. his native paraguay is a treasure trove. for big pharma. there is a lot of value still. they have many, many options in the paraguayan pharmaca pia, traditional from a copier to tree many ailments. absolutely. and many are being

already in use under exploitation, as we speak. many of them are, have been, i think that by international or transnational corporations. historically speaking, there has generally been a free for all on natural resources. to curtail that practice, the international community have introduced a range of conventions. ah, the extensible aim of these conventions is to prevent bio piracy and protect species diversity from further damage. one of these agreements is the nagoya protocol coming into force in 2014. this requires countries and companies and seeking to make use of a genetic resource or associated knowledge to pay fair compensation. it's

a principle known as access and benefits sharing with it envisages users and providers of a particular resource negotiating the form and amount of compensation instead of money. for example, users can provide compensation in the form of conservation projects. so with the legal framework in place, why does bio piracy continue to be so wide spread the botanical gardens of the university of zurich, a favorite haunt of fall swan my and back he dedicated years of research to the issue of bio piracy while working for the n g o public eye and says the international agreements are actually construed in a way that favors industrialized nations. and i hope that we're in europe. they say i'm only obliged to abide by the nagoya protocol. if i go to the country of orange after it came into force in the an extract through

the resources there was done nor u. d thor, sir dalton, household, the lender. the students in the perfumed countries in the south have a very different interpretation yegell nor you. they say no, the rules must apply to any new you see the kind of reason that's a massive difference with you with ox, your knee thought that you says there, i don't need to ask, are compensated anyway often or can use it as i like without helping to conserve biodiversity, abo mondays or reagan fought, if you go by that rule done, there will only be a minimal amount of benefits sharing, meaning and a minimal amount of compensation. our life is not since keep. if we follow the rule, the south, we thought there would be a genuine flow to compensation latrice. one reason for that disparity is that the neglect protocol was drafted by only a handful of states in the northern hemisphere. and a raft of nations have yet to even become party to the agreement. but ultimately,

the sustainable benefits of biodiversity should be a concern for all of us. let's begin in the fall mccoy take take pharmaceutical lesson. the scheme education was, but also cosmetics all and foodstuffs. pesticides and even an enzyme that has been used for the modern chemical industry home. pretty much everything coffman's day. our lives depend on biodiversity. if i click on the beauty rosie taxi, please. me a look around. western supermarkets reveals countless products that contain genetic resources originating in the southern hemisphere. in addition to studia, there's roy boss t, as well as chewing gum and gummy bears coated in car now by wax from brazil. biology is a full di diversity plays a role in all of these products us as access to these genetic resources. and therefore also for actually dress like solomon few consumers know that roy boss

t is another case of bio piracy. roy boss originally comes from the cedar berg mountains of south africa. the relatively arid north west of the country is the sole natural source of the plant, and is still the only place world wide where it is commercially grown. the principal harvest time is between january and april. after being harvested by hand, the bushes are then crushed in machines and spread out to dry. the subsequent fermentation gives the otherwise green plant, its trademark color and name. red bush. roy boss is now a major industry south africa has around $300.00 large scale farms producing $20000.00 tons of the crop a year. south africa exports around $7000.00 tons of roy boss the year to over 60

countries. the biggest roy bus consumers are japan, germany, and the netherlands, followed by britain and the united states. a global business put when it comes to those who 1st turn the dry looking bushes into a healthy cup of tea. the story is similar to the pie in paraguayan. the people who originally discovered the benefits of roy boss were bypassed. a valley past takes us to a small settlement outside the town of warburton in the heart of the cedar burg mountains. baron selim o is a small holder and the chairman of the warburton original royball cooperative bond and his fellow farmer, amelia cook. mon, are descendants of the coy and sun indigenous inhabitants of south africa. they

both grew up with wild royball in their local area, cut, crushed, and fermented by hand. traditional knowledge passed on to them by their parents and grandparents with austin. yes, nick, i said, boy, was this 1st and foremost good from others who have no milk. well, it's also good against eczema for you, but you didn't, you model you grind it down to fine powder yet and mix it with vaseline, isn't it? oh, those have admitted when we don't have vacillation, as you will use to use animal fat mike, you'd enjoy most the i'd revoke griffin, you use merit on babies. bottoms to remove the rat out. is about the new my su b. she's proud of the original roy boss as it's grown here in the area around what

baton also voice we award last grows and a natural environment. mcalisio model. there are no chemicals a, just that nature and indeed we both plaza. you have a range of wonderful medicinal herbs growing around the roy boss. ivona look, which is also what makes it special that this value for sco thing to the policy. is that a living bar and, and amelia se, industrial producers used the whopper. tal roy boss to give their commercial products a more intense color. it's an industry that flourished thanks to knowledge of native peoples, but their descendants didn't benefit from its lucrative development. i was vibrant and his fellow campaigner is decided to fight for compensation for the knowledge that has been appropriated from them. as with the pie to the tara in paraguay,

the descendants of the coy san peoples have been largely rendered. landless unemployment is high, particularly among young people, colonial rule and the apartheid regime strip the coin and some of their native lands. commercial farms remain largely in white hands, barren, solomon and others, small scale farmers market their original boy boss as a fair trade product via their cooperative, a vital source of income, but their acreage and market share are too small for them to survive. when international conglomerate nestle patented its own roy, both products in 2012 local small holders, sued for compensation. in 2015, a report published by the south african environment ministry, acknowledged the course on intellectual property rights. a decisive step forward.

i put it that some money to live happened because we were not the will that because the, the neglect protocol and all the policies that that view the of the powers for us to negotiate. we were not aware of it in the industry at that time. they, they say no, there's no way that the coin, the son can be that, that additional lot. he told us of the splunk, unless they do have the evidence, they will consider a, talking about the exercise and benefit sharing. my recommendation is clear, don't fight verbally. put this on paper. that is a strong evidence that you do have the traditional knowledge of a certain plunked and that perseverance paid off. borrowed solomon was present at the signing of an access and benefit agreement with the south african boy boss industry in 2019. with today, we are writing

a historic wrong wrong that began almost 500 years ago. the agreement committed one and a half percent of the robust industry's annual market value, almost 700000 euros to a fund for the course on but progress remained slow by the start at 2022. the indigenous peoples had yet to receive any money with payments held up by red tape and industry as so often being in a more powerful position. but baron remains optimistic about getting compensation soon, which would enable him in his community to win back last land. and in the process, secure their livelihoods, and preserve their precious roy boss. talking about o insistence, that is all the teachers. oh, how the plan behave, you accordingly, you just don't cut because he does, he does, i was time. see that you cut it in a sustainable way. if you don't do it in

a sustainable way. that means you don't think about generations to come access and benefit sharing was agreed to in south africa. could something similar be possible in paraguay with the stevie industry, be willing to come to an arrangement with the indigenous pie to v tara. and if not, what reservations do companies have? we approached a number of manufacturers and other beneficiaries of studia derived products. none agree to an interview with the international stevie a council. a global trade association responded by e mail me the i a c and its members at here to international and domestic rules and regulations. and as such, adhered to the nagoya protocol and the convention on biological diversity as applicable and swiss based

multinational nestle wrote access and benefits sharing and biodiversity is an important issue for us. we have also had constructive communications with the n g o public eye on, for example, the subject of stevio. these kinds of statements, leaf was swa my and bag, unimpressed. as 1st momma, it was so wow, i'm always annoyed when companies we've tried to find solutions with a physical stress that they've been talking to. and jose done and fulton ya via hobbin. yeah. well, that might be true if walk. the vital point is whether they're prepared to put that solution into pride. us and jayden is up see bill heights in the lose the world. so that's the, i guess we'll. okay. the only thing that matters is if we do i follow up on the principle and pay compensation for even in cases where it might not be required by local i get mass, not synonymous, or do i just pay back nothing?

no, wendy, clearly or the saudi ignition. so some firms are already taking action among them denita a supplier of natural cosmetics and medicinal products. the swiss, headquartered multinational firm, also imports natural resources from southern hemisphere, countries such as carnival wax from brazil, and ra, tawny route, from peru for a net. if people read us, the principle of benefits sharing is an integral part of her company's philosophy. really does need them excess and benefit it welcomes access and benefit sharon, especially in these times of species extinction. christian garcia den inside our company uses a wide range of plant based, raw materials and even so we're dependent on the preservation and protection of biodiversity. these and thus beauty visited, i'd like lucas should stay with the leader, performs its benefits,

sharing as payments and support for projects on the ground. more the exception than the rule for her on the name mrs. quality. it's relatively calling for a company lender 1st because of the different interpretations of the nagoya protocol from one country to the next, this high stuff. and so what applies in brazil is completely different. india on death and for a global enterprise, interpreting the situation correctly. mean that getting legal advice in each country land so that we comply with the respective requirement by the not always legal so often. so for companies, the negotiations and the complicated legal situation. cost time as well as financial and human resources within the sneak in the island. and it's a question of owning up to responsibility. there's a given take like an a partnership this year, which is the principle of the nagoya protocol in size and all you pay compensation for taking knowledge implants from somewhere and generating innovations through research and development that biskin elliot that's in the it's are being made here

without incorporating people in nature at the point of origin is born and that's not fair. even if betide leaked orange dust as sandy skylight, a simplified system of compensation instead of protracted negotiations could be one solution for preventing bio piracy and making the process easier for companies. at the same time, false while my and bag is confident, our collective awareness will change its been musical. does matoney and pol yalom and positives hold that a few years from now when people will be talking about bio pirates like i do today about climate defenders that when you are poor with yet, we'll meet the over time in society will become less tolerant. companies making profit, so while giving nothing in return we, we often shout on the more cases we have where we can show that the money flowing back benefits conservation or the traditional communities affected. and the

pressure will continue to grow hubble in mustang paraguay. november 2021 luis, our se is hosting a special gathering of pi to v to ra communities under his chairmanship. the various representatives have come together to finally speak with a unified voice by signing a joint statement listing their demands all are. it's a historic moment for the parent portal and an important document that louise and other campaigners have been working towards since 2016. and the, the document includes unequivocal proof of the i had alter as ownership of traditional knowledge of studia and calls on the international stevie industry to finally provide compensation for that intellectual property. the pies, ultimate objective,

is to buy land in order to secure their future. and that of their plants, the last stevie up still growing wild joy after debating the various arguments the conference participants vote on the different formulations for several hours after the meeting began. it's close to sundown, as louise are say, finally becomes the 1st to sign the protocol. the next step for the pie to veto is to take the document with its demands to the stevie industry. luis, our set is tired, but content, he ha, bodeo. we've come to an agreement among ourselves so that hopefully they'll finally recognize our rights of now that we've signed this protocol, as dba is not just any other wild plans,

it belongs to our ancestors. and as part of our culture out there to go to all got it all in all of the representatives resigned to prayer, to round off the extraordinary meeting. the road ahead is a long and rocky one, but the meeting provides a glimmer of hope for luis asa and his fellow activists and 4 other indigenous peoples who have fallen prey to bio piracy. ah, 2 o 3 or not 2. well, what about

a sharing economy instead with change in thinking is changing the economy to create something new like the economics magazine lead in germany on d w. a hello guys. this is the 77 percent. the platform for you to beat issues and share ideas. you know, on these channels, we are not afraid to young people clearly have the solution. good, future loans. the 77 percent every weekend. and d w ah

ah ah, this is the w news live from berlin. you countries agree to reduce gas consumption? prepare for a total couple minutes to sign up to gas reduction targets to said reserves for the winter. that's up to russia says it's flashing it's pipeline delivery. germany's energy minutes. the colds that economic war.