this is detail the news from berlin. you'll find a lot more on our website, www. dot com. ah, let him is it? ok he says his country can help feed the world again. ukrainian president has been visiting a black c port where the 1st global black grade shipments are ready to set sail, just waiting for the u. n. to declare it's safe, despite the war deal with russia. i'm fil gail in berlin and this is the day ah, the green, the green, it is a sign that dialogue between the parties is possible in the search to ease human suffering. on our side is fully prepared. we sent all the signals to our partners to you and, and turkey. it will help to prevent a global food crisis. all quite easily clear commitments to ensure the safe

movement of grain is related products to global market. the minister of infrastructure is in direct contact with the turkish side on the you and we're waiting for a signal from them that we can start also coming up the head of the international atomic energy agency tells me he's concerned about the situation at ukraine's upper regia nuclear plant, which is now under russian occupation and in the line of fire. so to combination b o by your nation, every possible your safety measure that you're getting. so i cannot say repeat that the situation is not stay ah, welcome to the day and we begin with the deaths of dozens of ukrainian prisoners of war, many of whom were victims of the month long siege of mario pole,

russia and ukraine have each accused the other of sharing the prison on the eastern front line time of america, which is controlled by russia back, assists local officials say as many as $53.00 prisoners that were killed. in the days other main development ukraine, chinese restart grain exports to help ease the global food crisis. ships are loaded and ready to sail from 2 black c ports a cloud of dust or wraps. his grain is loaded onto a merchant ship in the port city of odessa, ukraine's president is on hand to inspect the loaded vessels ahead of departure versus old numbers. this is the 1st vessel being loaded up since the war began to seem which outgoing. i'm standing in front of a turkish chevy. more justin of this means the board has started operating. what is the most important thing for us is that the port is operating and that people are working on divorce. millions of tons of ukrainian grain have been held for

a month in silos in ships blockaded by russia on the black sea, sending food prices soaring around the world. according to a recent deal brokered by the us and turkey merchant ships will be given safe passage in and out of key ukrainian ports. this agreement, as the, as the secretary general said, is not just important for ukraine and ukraine's economy. but these is important for the world because it will help to prevent a global food crisis. local officials say more than a dozen ships loaded with grain are ready to leave. a rare moment of good news and the 5 month long war, but it's being overshadowed by reports of missile attack on a prison in a separatist control region of eastern ukraine. the strike kill dozens of ukrainian prisoners of war. moscow and kiev blame each other for the death or in russia invaded ukraine. western countries announced increased sanctions on the russian economy in the 6 months into the wall. which measures are still in place while they

are imposed on immediate ban on russian oil imports. and the european union said it would phase outage use of russian oil by the end of this year and phase out the use of russian gas. the u. s. has been the export of high tech components to russia, and several russian banks have been cut off from the international payment system. russia's warn ukraine has been breaking for 5 months now. it's an unprecedented aggression. the european union has tried to counter with unprecedented sanctions by facing out russian oil cussing or fresh and bangs from the biggest international payment system and freezing the assets of fresh an oligarchy wouldn't, has mobilized his armed forces. we are mobilizing our economic power with a powerful sanctions, and these sanctions are biting there, grinding that teeth into the russian economy. so far, russian president vladimir putin has shown no sign. he will bow to the pressure and

end his war anytime soon. and not everyone in the you is standing behind the block sanctions marshall regarding bathroom of the sanctions are not weakening. moscow and europe is in trouble in economic trouble hormone equally, i would hope, a boy, bon bon, was got shaggy boy, bon energy prices have been soaring all over europe. but economists say the russian economy has been hit much harder if you look at traits, statistics, if you look at a various that there 6 coming from lower levels of or from, from russia and the russian economies suffering message, the other, the sanctions way more way, way more than, than the european saw, the fact that the you has not faced out whole russian energy immediately. hess, however, drawn a lot of criticism. this is the cash cow on russian budget and gave the backdrop of record with high oil prices. russia has the ability to,

to shield itself from any future sanctions. much, well now depend on how fast you countries can end their reliance on russian energy and find alternative suppliers and how fast russia will be able to build new economic ties with countries like china and india. ah. among the dangers posed by the war in ukraine is a risk of a nuclear catastrophe. europe's largest nuclear plant, which is now under russian control. and of course, in a war zone, i asked the director general of the international atomic energy agency. rafael grossey about his concerns over the situation at the planted separation. so combination b, o by your nation, every possible nuclear safety measure that you're getting that. so i cannot say repeat that the situation

is not sustainable. i have been trying to put together a commission to go there. busy to address a number of issues. is it true that he's that he's an explosives and a stock? yeah. the actors. yes or no. busy what is the situation to the staff? we need to perform indispensable inspection in check from the any of the war. so really, the lease is now that he's there are many reasons to be concerned and we are assisting in trying to. busy soon as possible, but of course it's not an easy thing to do. what i do, you have reasons that you may not. right. and it's interesting, you know,

you speak as a diplomat, that it sounds like you're talking about wanting access to the facility in order to do inspections, rather than just asking russia to, to leave the facility because it just dangerous. well, i would say that my initial condition, i am responsible for safe safeguarding there. i also have a competencies in terms of the safety of the secure operation. and in terms of the situation, i think the general counsel to, to deal with the world. and we did, we did sponsor, it's like really great grading use the sole owner of the

separation of our class. i also have to talk to russian in on site because we need to have general so communication with everybody who is dealing with that. so it is, you said you speak and i have to be good to, to be with technical, political, and international related issues that are converting of these quite unique situation. in fact, is the 1st time that you have such, such a tricky situation. but we, you know, we, we have to go there, i am. and i will not stop doing so until i can be there. and when you asked to inspect all you told no, or are you just told not yet? no, i am told that a yes,

there are certain circumstances or certain conditions or if you do these, i meet you do that. and of course, the difficulty is by the fact that when you look at the map of the site, you see what it is, is it was a media we should, they should be reminded that they are, is that the, it was all action is in the nearby. busy schools appreciate but he's not in, in the place. so, and he's in territory under the control of the rest of the courses, but that he's active and exchange buyer there. so he's not like you are going to a place which is easy access, head of an international organization. i have to go there and in corporation with

the u. n. security forces. so i have been discussing ticket that you have and i will be talking with you about this very soon. and so, and i was discussing this with the gradient and with the rest of your buyers to see how best to ensure my active there. right. and the suit this war, of course, has led to massive increases in energy costs and europe's facing the prospect of gasoline rationing as the winter approaches. so what do you make of the calls here in germany for the government to rethink its decision to shut down its nuclear plants by the end of this year? i would say that but clearly the wall but that there were other factors like climate change and what to do about the war world about. busy start the realization of the consequences. so energy dependence,

i will not get into specific countries, but this is that you took dependencies in terms of energy supply and, and countries have in their toolbox or energy to box certain tools instruments to their campus and to keep the running. and of course. busy when you look at nuclear and this is many, many got, it's specially nice to talk about the european scenario. ah, baby, eager to either increase for those can be set up. ok. energy already actress indication or some other any indication of germany? i believe it's obvious that many voices are questioning why not continue with whatever remains in terms of nuclear infrastructure use, of course,

or the government to decide. right. and as we look at the various governments around the world, look at changing the energy mix. of course we have to consider that the offense on the climate is nuclear energy and green a fit the colors energy does not produce field 2. so. busy or 2 and almost nothing. so the step back so. busy busy and now as we speak, could be 5 percent of the clean energy globally. be sure, nuclear power point presentation is what is

happening now. and in europe much more 50 percent of the cane energy that exists in europe is of nuclear or okay. so then about clean or green energy that we have to deal with the radioactive waste that has to be securely contained for thousands of years. and of course, since hearing again that sorts of nuclear disasters that we have seen in recent years, the nuclear waste is an issue that is manageable. in fact, it is being managed. the commercial nuclear operation has more than 60 years in the world, and you have never heard of an accident coming from a waste, which is well stored when you have a, b, e, some countries because in the case of land or sea or many other countries,

the issue has been resolved and i was just a few months ago on the 1st geologic repository, almost ready to work. and of course in other countries, debates about. busy to long term storage for this new gift you, but for obvious reasons of social acceptance. but this doesn't mean that a waste is danger. there is a real danger or an immediate danger for anybody. look at waste is controlled even by us because we have to say got it in. so they moved. so i'd say nuclear in the c. c which you have a clear. yeah. the last round of so called waste. busy or east, which you can see about any other industrial peak. ok,

but not understood. let's just, let's just move to concerns about nuclear weapons. and if you would mind that iran has said that it will keep eye a cameras turned off at it's processing plans until the 2015 nuclear deal is restored. so where are we now with iran's nuclear program? you know, the along the process of technical issues or charts and but it could be reading the famous j. c, p. o, a lot of action among the 5 in germany and the european union have been ongoing for more than a year and a half at most. so. ready we do hope that they're going to be a good outcome the without being a part of the secret. she should have been a company that she should be the grow. ready or we are in the, the gas,

we are the inspectors of these agreements. and at the moment we have is sort of an in house because they, the negotiators did not seem to be finding the right spot to have an agreement. and why this happens a race dimensions have reduced visibility of has removed and nothing less than $27.00 camera. so that from the id, which means that i have lost a lot of these to be already spoken on for now, almost 2 months. what me, what would means is that there will have to be some way to reconstruct the gigs of people. i can tell these negotiators, ok, you can sign one but bottom line because we can tell you exactly what,

what is the amount of material you, ron, how many centrifuges do they have? the operation. busy or, or at stored unless that happens. so this is what i've been telling my radians about very big family. and i don't wanna be without this happening. it is very difficult, very next to the agreement or are rich. so i really hope that there will be an agreement but. busy that could happen, we store our reputation in their own interest as her claire. thank you so much for joining us, right. her grossey director general of the international atomic energy agency. thank you very much. ah, what's the 1st thing you think about when you hear the word vaccine? most of us imagine rolling up our sleeves for

a shot in the arm that many researchers believe is a better way to provide protection against kobe. and it doesn't involve a needle. billions of doses of vaccines have been injected throughout the world over the course of the pandemic. and although the series of shots doesn't prevent people from getting coven 19 entirely, it does make the course of the disease generally much less severe. and that experts say has saved millions of lives. some researchers have set their sights higher. their goal is to prevent infections before they can take hold at the place where the virus 1st enters the body. the knows around a dozen trials with different nasal spray vaccine candidates are currently ongoing and different countries. a few are in what's called phase 3 testing, which means they're being checked for effectiveness in larger groups of test subjects. they could help change the course of the pandemic because it sars covey

to is blocked from docking on to the cells in the upper respiratory tract. it can't invade them. so even after exposure, it's unable to replicate in the massive way that leads to full blown illness. that means blocking the virus with this kind of vaccine might also help break infection chains. the concept isn't a novel one. nasal vaccines for influenza have been around for a couple of decades now. there have been a few problems with them over the years, but for lots of people, especially younger recipients, they have one major advantage. the boost to immunity doesn't involved getting jabbed with a needle. i know once that let's get law from a doctor william shafter his professor of preventative medicine at the vanderbilt university school of medicine in nashville, in the united states. welcome to the w, dr. outside. we know that the w h. i was approved around a dozen injected covey vaccine so far,

but no nasal ones. this stroke so promising one wonders why it's taking so long. yeah, well you can wonder filled, but it's a larger scientific challenge to actually prevent a virus from getting up what hold on the mucous membranes of the nose, the throat, and the upper chest, blocking that initial contact to prevent the virus from entering the cells initially is very difficult, we don't have a similar vaccine that is very effective against influenza. we do have a nasal spray vaccine. it's no better than the injectable vaccine for flu. so getting a vaccine that will work against cohen has taken more scientific work, and more is going on. we hope it's successful, right? and so what sort of time scale then, are we looking at how long before you think that these sorts of out scenes will hit

the market? yeah, well, it's very difficult time scientific research isn't it? but as you're set up, he said, there are several candidate vaccines that are currently already in clinical trials . so cross your fingers, perhaps a year or a year and a half from now. it would be wonderful if we had 2 kinds of vaccines. one to prevent the initial attack and then another to prevent the virus from spreading inside the body. that's the traditional injectable vaccine, right? we heard in the report that nasal vaccines could help break chains of infection and explain to us why that's important. that's very important because if we could curtail or even stop transmission of the virus, that would really be a major factor in controlling the spread of the virus. if the virus can't

multiply in those mucous membranes, we could then not spread it to anyone else. and that, of course, would allow us to very much control the virus and its worst impact to make us go to the hospital, for example. right. and so the, the scientists are working on these, these nasal a vaccines. i suppose that the hope would be that one day, they would eventually replace injected vaccines. and then you're looking at them for all sorts of diseases and condition and conditions beyond coven. yes, that's exactly right, correct. they could be good enough to be used by themselves or they could be used in conjunction with the conventional injectable vaccines either way. would be a great advance, and the technology that's developed might be able to be adapted to influenza and other particularly risk fire rhetoric transmitted viruses. and so how much of

a problem is that the phobia fear of needles when it comes to, to, to vaccines? is that a significant problem or is the problem that those injectable vaccines overcome is it's a sort of a cost benefit analysis. and it, we generally see it being worth going through the pain for this. well, you know, most of us, except injectable vaccines, but there are some people who have a real foby afford. but what we don't realize is that there's the other side of the coin to there are some people who don't want you to full with their nose. so it's, i have 2 options available. ok, good. talking to thank you for joining us as evan festival in the chat with in the vanderbilt university school of medicine. thank you. thank you for our restaurants in spain will soon be required by law to offer

a doggy back for leftovers in an attempt to reduce food waste. more than a $100000.00 tons of food are thrown away every year in spain. new legislation will also require the hospitality industry to reduce its overall disposal of uneaten food. this was expected to take effect next year. or that is almost done by the conversation continues online. you'll find it on twitter . i've at steed up the news or you can follow me at a good day. a great weekend i with

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