the listening place along the mediterranean, ah, it's waters connect people of many cultures seen of almost rock and to far abdul karim drift along with exploring modern lifestyles and mediterranean. where has history left its traces. meeting people, hearing their dreams, a mediterranean journey, intent. it starts august 14th on d, w ah, a flock of drones is lifting off, carrying thousands of seats there on a mission to plant trees and help save the climate.

with in july 2019 researchers at the swiss federal institute of technology e th zurich made global headlines, planting trees could help mitigate climate change. they said, but it would require a huge number of trees to be planted worldwide. reforestation covering an area about the size of the united states a massive undertaking. but the idea was an appealing one, a promise to save the climate with a simple act planting trees. but the initial euphoria soon began to ebb. critics included scientists who called the idea unrealistic

in germany, the university of barnes i called luling was one of the 1st scientists to speak out skipped term some i'm in their studio, i'm a girl. there are a number of questions. the authors of that study need to address is all of that land actually suited to planting trees. all in that time they see a lot of potential in the taiga, in the tundra, in regions that are too cold for trees, yawn. they want to plant trees in the savannah, which is nothing like a forest. a savannah has lots of grass, land them, and just a few trees, osland, ones or tanisha winter sets. and you have to be realistic if the trees would need watering, tending to muddle with millions or even billions of new trees. who's going to do that work the fun semester. and was a human figure that is all come you've unimed in western australia, a huge tree planting project is already underway. it's

a landscape that isn't exactly welcoming for young saplings. the soil is dry, the terrain is uneven. salinity can be a problem for staff members of the environmental tech startup. lord of the trees. the work here is a challenge. planting trees by hand here would be extremely time consuming. that's why david tenant and ma mode. hussein are using drone technology. a drone can distribute seeds evenly from the air quickly when it comes to planting trees, can it believes drones are the future? it's a great, big balancing act. you know, can we replace the trees faster than people are destroying them? this technology that we've developed is going to be fantastic and doing that. this is really the future for saving the planet. for each

patch of land can, it creates a special mix of seeds. but distributing the seeds is just one step towards planting of forest. technology is, is going to be at play a big role. and just for instance, in drones, not only do iep, you know, map the area we, we are, you know, so the said we monitor. but we can actually plant, sees where in the human it be us and congo. it oil dangerous for that person to do a drone can so almost $7000.00 seeds an hour, a job that would take a human 6 days. david kennedy burst planted trees here 20 years ago. now he's testing various planting methods on different plots of land. like many countries, australia has been selling woodland to make way for agriculture. kenneth says

that's a mistake. groundwater levels have plummeted. a problem for young trees. the mood, this is one of hundreds of varieties of eucalyptus, of drawing on the property. and i choose them specifically to be salt tolerant, which is important because as soon to such a big problem in this area, right. and also i like um, with large leaves because with a lot of the leaves of the most carbon sequestration takes place to address climate change. while it's a double whammy david tenet, only plants trees that are native to australia. they're suited to the local land and climate. non native species and mano cultures would further damage the soil. but even local species don't have it easy here. this is a bit of a sad specimens. this could seem mode. it was dod. um, it could have died for variety of reasons unsuitable for the soul tide, or could be been completed for neutral to tetra from the street. but when we're

sowing seeds that term you'll be sewing with your drones. will be sewing varieties which of particularly suited to the sol taught? did a good thing. the drones is that we can monitor. so a 2 month late a 3 month later, fly the same flight path, right? or we can tell how they progressing. now that is one and we will be able to give you a report. we says that particular trees healthy this one down the road is not this drone as taking off with seats from a type of acacia tree native to the region. this technology could help plant millions of new trees. if all goes well, a new forest will soon take root. here in ireland, new forests have already been planted. but climate protection isn't the only goal

here. landowners, such as brandon lynch and county lead from want to harvest their trees back in the day. lynch's father was able to earn a living from cattle farming. but those times are long gone. it's not possible to make a full time live and notice of it a fif production. and any more, it's just it's just income as soon dropped to watch over the past 3 or 4 years. it is just not possible without a job here in a to have a job as well as farm. lynch has placed his hopes in the fast growing sitko spruce . he's planted by hector's, of them on his land. the moist rich soil is well suited to the evergreen species, where the cisco spruce is, as they were said, the bread and bought already off of the day plantations. you have to look at the economics of it as well. and there's no point in planting something that you can't

sell down the line, you know, in years to come, when it's caught down, i hope to get anything from 8 or 9000. you as an acre ford handler, which is tax free like brandon lynch. thousands of irish farmers have planted spruce trees for harvest. the irish government says these plantations are also a boon to the climate, an adult, but many environmental activists say that's not the case. and a lead from citizens initiative agrees. they say the monoculture plantations do more harm than good. not too long ago, adrian kelly's farm was surrounded by spruce trees. then the entire plantation was clear cut practically over night. it was a disaster for the soil ecology and the land now lies fallow. but there were problems even before the plantation was clear cut. shed one might end cuz weird the northern say the shone said well oak defeat though good. 3040 meters,

oak the feet. so this was, had become useless if i want to take, spend the hold and i can't expand because as you can see, i can't go so and i can't go east either. soon. no spruce trees will be planted here for the local activists. monoculture, plantations are nothing but green washing their moneymakers. yes. but the health of the soil, biodiversity, and even the beauty of the natural landscape, don't factor into the equation. he can see here that, and it's really a dead zone, like nothing grows on the 1st floor. he can see down at our feet that there is like 3 or 4 centimeters of pine needles gathered. and he can seem like in a living to live like everything is just nothing off dead and nothing, nothing lives here. it's not a place that we want to come,

walk in or want to see next to us. it's no good for, for anybody by the people who are making money. the economic arguments don't always hold up monoculture, plantations are particularly susceptible to climate change on the plantation belonging to brendan lynch. his brother, a storm did major damage. so i said that when come in, they are the helper high coroner, and the, the bitter pe he went grown the fair. so it seemed the toe. hook that little corner of a day or the rest rest, the sand is fairly good. it's all stand on, you know, ireland shows that more needs to be done to make the timber industry, climate friendly now, sadly, from one of which ones and for, i think, i see the disadvantage of mona cultures is that they aren't particularly stable ecologically speaking. if i plant only one species, it's often vulnerable to pass the thrive on that species fitter effect all in their

a climate stresses like drown, horton, that's john of in recent years or what we've seen is that a forest with a mix of tree species is more resilience are seen different species, provide more balance if one suffering the other might be a bit more robust and best at off as to satisfy all spelling theatre. in germany, policy makers are already putting that knowledge into action. they're planting trees to help restore healthy, mixed deciduous, and can never as forests, forests sequester carbon by capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. through photosynthesis, the trees transform it into bio mass. mixed forests sequester more carbon than monoculture stu, ah, today, i could do. the thing is in a forest, south, east of bon. he's carrying out measurements on various trees, a trees height,

the diameter of its trunk, and its age are an indication of how much c, o 2 a tree can remove. conf. forest trees absorb less. c o. 2 than deciduous. one's a 40 meter spruce where the trunk that's about 60 centimeters in diameter, removes about 4 tons of c o 2 from the atmosphere. a pine tree of the same size removes only 5 tons an oak of similar size removes 6 tons of c o 2. and the front runner is the beach at 7 tons. ah, this is a beach tree. heavies hidden and i've measured the diameter of this tree at about chest height,

about 1.3 meters from what was ground level, embody the adobe flash of of a key. we have about 2.31 meters for the diameter for that would be about here. on summit on dorothy verizon with it. yeah, i need seal so i can look here to see how much bio mass that corresponds to you about 4 tons also has all my own. and here you can see the corresponding amount of seo to try to make it so we can assume that this tree removed something like 8 tons of c o 2. so an extra eye on the autopsy. it's why of a nominate about one 3rd of germany is covered in woodland, but the carbon sequestered there only makes up for some 7 percent of the country's c o. 2 emissions. large old trees are a boon to the climate. a giant, like this beach can remove around 15 tons of c o 2, but a forest with a mix of young and old trees is most effective for anything. do you think on some

very fif, i imagine a forest filled with huge trees like this? then of course it seems like it would remove a lot more c o 2 arm as i went out. but of course, that's impossible. this huge tree doesn't just have a big trunk with lots of carbon in it, but it also has a huge leaf canopy here. when you look at the ground here, you see what happens near a huge tree like this, or not a whole lot can grow. here. deadwood is another important component of a healthy forest. when a tree is felled or dies, the carbon stays sequestered in the wood for quite some time. so it's still climate friendly. that's no longer true if the wood is burned to fog, as it's estimate is more it's persevered fancy. a question is, what will happen when this would leaves the forest sacrifice as long as it stays here, the carbon is sequestered. if it's not a gas, it won't see power overnight through the christian to p. if we let it ross,

the carbon will be released of course movement, but we've got plans for this would unless we can make furniture out of it or wooden beams that way the carbon stays sequestered. awesome, so the overall impact is positive form via implants, iep anglers transported chief back in australia. the focus is on scientific research and the hunt for the perfect future forest. at the australian plant bank, near sidney emerick, mo, do wants to figure out which seed mixture works best for drone reforestation projects with botanist graham erington who matches seat mixtures with soils. and ecosystems helps the work the weekend by going yeah. and collecting nurses is helping to understand not so much. no we mod yahoo to establish here is as substitutes,

the plotters but to supplement what we have and to assist. let bye diversity to maintain it. so i think those are way as well to integrate, due to so the to could work together. the better suited the seed mixture is to local conditions. the more likely it is that trees will thrive. but what's the best way to bring a new forest to life? emerick mo, do and his team are planning to test that in the blue mountains near sidney. their strategy is to mimic what would happen in nature. when cleared land regenerates, trees don't grow right away. first come grasses and shrubs. look at grand culver 1st year before picture trips. so you wouldn't just plant a tree. you have to recreate to horse use them by planting native crises like we're going to do to be

a little shrubs fill you. i tried small coordinators such as these, but fries gives him to him to shrubs while we're in room hot fruits. it attracts the birds. and when the birds arrive, day of the men cherry, our football season, scarce, the forest experts want to use drones and special seed capsules to mimic the way birds dispersed seeds we selected today. ah goes, tony sits also um, indigo pharaoh was trellis which was a beautiful little shrub that flowers purple when we look and we select a couple of seats that we want to use for landscape. is the topography of the rain for, ah, the wind and the salinity of this. so it's time for lift off. each drone will distribute about $120.00 seeds a minute, a prodigious amount. when the shrubs start to grow,

conditions will be ripe for trees to follow. but the path from field to forest is a long one. and in oh, we had to india, and the state of chat has gar, near the city of ry poor. a large scale reforestation project is underway. india is the 3rd largest emitter of carbon dioxide worldwide. the country hopes trees can help change that. but reforestation programs here don't always meet with approval the indigenous animosity people are vocal critics of the governments or radical reforestation measures. they say that the state is stealing their land, planting trees on fields that rightfully belong to indigenous communities. amolla

vague and i grandfather's and their forefathers lived on this land and farmed it. i've already shown my papers. the judge snobbish wore. i farmed this land, but now they're digging holes for their plantation and knows this land is our livelihood. the rangers are just doing the bidding of the plantation owner milton milton lou. there are nearly $800.00 similar land disputes taking place in india. but the state and tends to plant forests across a 3rd of its territory. none the less forest rangers say the government's policy will create jobs for the od obasi people and benefit the environment. one, keep armika dick, village of grove bolo, ottoman beach, from egypt, shall, india has a lack of forest, and that's contributing to global warming to sun jokey. i gotta i plantations, like this will make a different security updated da cool. it will definitely be useful in restoring the

balance of nature, grow modem ottoman can, but i mean, besides the honey i got i, when i was a monoculture has been recognized as a problem in india. that's why the government has switched to mixed forests with fruit and timber trees. but the out of asi are determined to fight back the indigenous forestry laws here, give them the right to farm the land. it's a situation rife with conflict. now look at the sesame plant. they up routed it. why do that? they took our oxen and farming equipment, so we planted these with our bare hands. the small tools. took everything, the ranger keeps denying it. he says he took nothing. indian authorities built of border fence for their plantation here without asking the permission of the local and of asi community. now the forest rangers,

say the out of basi deliberately destroyed the fence. they get in get good. there will be they are also saying this is their sacred grow up. it. yeah, this land was never used for any family plan descent. you live, there are no wealthier, i think we had no farms knowing what this land was reserved for forest. and we were given permission to set up a plantation here, brundis income, land theft, reforestation, policies that ride roughshod over local communities. accusations like these are heard frequently here. one thing is certain, the tensions between the out of asi people and forestry officials are getting worse . the united nations is well aware of this kind of problem. climate organizations fund projects that seek to resolve such conflicts. but so far, these projects have little to show in india or anywhere else.

the out of asi remain wary. over the years they've suffered repression and discrimination and they fear the reaper station programs are not what they claim to be. got the money whose the got it. the problem is not that we cut down trees for our farm wanted. the real problem is that the rangers clear cut, old forests and give that land to industry, not 30 go there, hollowing out the land from within their mining, the minerals, factories and industry are the main reason why the climate is getting hotter and why the seasons are changing so much on go, i thought we already vasa, protect mother earth by farming the top soil rather than digging it up with all that while i'm on the what we said the core of the earth by only making use of the outer layer was i could i haven't let alone you're done with other blue developing nations are being pressure to plant more trees. but do state sponsored

reforestation programs ignore the needs of local people? i colluding worries? the answer is yes. i am a proceed by showing you what often happens. what's happening right now is that industrialized countries amid endless amounts of c o 2. and yet somehow we expect developing countries and poor countries to counteract those emissions through reforestation projects. and you know, when governments decide to go ahead with such projects, oh, when big investors come into play, the rights of local people are often ignored, silvan, and yet our planet desperately needs more trees. something that the younger generation has also come to appreciate. here in germany, young students are planting trees as part of a school project. yes, this is sandy fee. stephanie my number is 800.

94 strangers elizabeth housing and lars for yon work with the non profit prima klemmer association. they organized today's project. remo food items. yeah. hi, dawn gwinn school. children take part in a project like this. it has a special impacting doesn't the ideas really take root every mason over the next years. they'll be able to observe what's growing here. and they'll develop more respect in nature. but all that is hugely important, and they're having fun law, they're really into it. it's a joy to watch off on for fountains at holland garcia to something else. insulin, i hope it will spur them to reflect on things that they don't go to climate demonstrations here and stop at mcdonald's on the way home on his arms, or maybe they'll ride their bikes to school. those small steps can help make the world a better place and have an impact on their lives. less of our before mom. i thought that's the most important lesson have always loved us. as mr. simpson. my lanchen

reforestation projects in germany must include a mix of species. the children here are planting common oak trees and a birch called the common horn beam. but can only let our forests in a flood plain like this with the kinds of species with planting today and create one of the most diverse bio totes we have here in europe. this was guns, guns. they're really special that children may not know that yet. it's but over time they'll learn more about it often and eventually they'll realize they created something really special, comes from that experience, will stay with them with the filing law. protecting the climate doesn't always mean planting millions of trees on massive plantations. and reforestation can't be a fig leaf or massive carbon emissions. some fema rhonda, read some note, a cure all in the fight against climate change. members, few trees can remove huge amounts of though to me to yeah, but we, amid far more than they can ever cope with trees,

can't solve our problem is on to mitigate climate change. we'll have to tackle our energy, use them, and consumer habits in all sorts of ways understand. simply planting trees is not enough to combat climate change. but done well, reborn station programs are a step in the right direction. mm. ah. mm. mm. mm. ah, with

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