in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route, a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military christy, but also linked to man, financial venture full of hardships, dangers and death. my jillions journey around the world. sports september 7th on w. ah, ah, ah, ah, is nuclear power the answer to the world's energy crisis as the war and ukraine rages on? many countries have been seeking to reduce their reliance on russian gas by

investing in atomic power. one country that already has a strong nuclear industry is the czech republic. but as we'll see in a moment, that doesn't mean it's not dependent on moscow. also coming up on today's show, had the oil rich stays of north dakota is profiting from rising fuel costs. high to clean up the very dirty steel industry. and a bangladesh tech entrepreneur describes her path to success. here in europe, threats of rush and gas cut offs have led to a renew, debase by the potential of nuclear energy in the tech republic. the government has committed to expanding and modernizing the industry, but the countries existing plant date back to the soviet era and still rely on imports from russia. a special transport from russia in the middle of the ukraine war, the cargo uranium fuel rods for the check nuclear power plant in timeline. without

these fuel rods, many lights would go out in the czech republic, 40 percent of the country's energy is from nuclear power. the russian fuel rods in this delivery are enough to keep the nuclear reactors running for the next few years. and 7 on, i'm for nuclear energy. that's all i can say. it's one of the few energy sources where everything works quickly on the geologist and i know something about it. i have a very clear opinion. we should have been building more nuclear reactors for a long time now. and then we will already have energy security the to check nuclear power plants at 10, moline and duke of any are showing the age. both are in old soviet design. the reactor in duke of any is a mixture of western control technology and soviet engineering. but the reactor never complied with western safety standards. again and again,

they were emergency shut downs, she to defective construction. but expanding renewable energy is a difficult pathway for the czech republic. as let his cargo graphics keep on the geography of our country isn't good for wind energy. we have no coastline where the wind blow strongly. we don't have a lot of sunshine, especially in winter addiction. that's why a nuclear energy is so important in our energy mix of drama, but also mix there's never been a strong anti nuclear movement here. carol, polar nike is one of the few opponents. he is critical of the government's decision to build to near atomic reactors by 2036. when you mano out of many people think it's great that this country has mastered a complicated technology like nuclear energy. just got a public. the proud that the check republic can organize the construction of an

atomic reactor. it's seen as something positive and it's true. atomic energy has its dark aside. this uranium mine south of prague has been undisturbed for 30 years, but still amid radiation. it's under constant surveillance to ensure that no radioactivity seats into the ground water. the operating company says everything is under control and completely harmless. mama probably knows we're under the supervision of the national nuclear safety agency specialist. then there's the check environmental inspectorate on the surrounding communities with which we observe the monitoring systems for or under strict supervision. and that's a good thing for them. i think the system is safe and system was use of a special radio. active water is pumped constantly from the maze of tunnels and this huge underground mine. it's then decontaminated in a special treatment plant. this costs around 4000000 years

a year to protect the ground water. radioactive waste can remain active for up to 40000 years. contamination is a task for generations. in the area around the nuclear power plant, the nuclear energy companies, all the major employers and of a good pay every town whole. they're measuring stations where people can read radioactivity levels. the spend geranium worlds are stored only 500 meters away from the mayor's office in duke of any these are the used fuel roads from the last few decades. they're stored at the duke of any nuclear power plant, temporarily the company says, but there is no safe final storage place where the spent fuel roads can be stored

for the next 40000 years. and they continue to emit radiation. the mayor is in favor of building new nuclear power plants, but he doesn't want to endlessly store nuclear waste in his community. reuben, them are finding a suitable repository is still an issue and it will be very difficult because in the areas where the geological conditions for a repository, deep, underground as suitable origin, the communities are opposed to it. but if you will not go in the russian uranium fuel rods that have just been delivered will keep the check nuclear reactors on line for another 3 to 4 years. only then will they be replaced by western style uranium fuel roads. despite cold for change, fossil fuels continued to dominate the global energy supply. they have

a rich history and lobby behind them. just take oil. as an example, in 1859, edwin drake retired, a train conductor established the 1st productive oil. well in the united states. kick, starting what must have become an incredibly new christian of industry. a few years later, john d rockefeller got in on the game, finding the standard oil company and swiftly becoming the richest man in the world . drilling subsequently began on the caspian sea, as well as in saudi arabia, iraq and russia. overtime oil has been the subject of wars, as well as one of the most successful t v shows of all time, family drama, dallas. the rise of oil has been extraordinary. as you can see here in the united states, petroleum production has more than doubled since 1985. now, in the state of north dakota, oil is a multi $1000000000.00 industry, employing tens of thousands of people. d, w reporter enos poor, went there to find out how the current geopolitical turmoil is affecting the

industry. north dakota, the 3rd largest oil producer in the us, just buying taxes and new mexico pumps over a 1000000 barrels per day. which is more than oil rich countries like venezuela. this concern said the worldwide energy crisis is getting out of control. small energy towns, like tioga hope, to benefit by an increase in drilling matthew craft, one of the many oil workers gives us an insight. why be looking at the freshers on the well had making sure the well still working, checking trader, building back there, making sure that pressured right. selling gas, not flaring, if it is flaring what it is, checking our daily production. how much is the production of this punch here? this, this one's like a 20 barrels is tioga is mainly in oil production

area. if oil is gone, it be just a farming community, just like the rest of the most small areas in north dakota. so it's very vital for the identity right now. lunch break in tioga at the site, st. diner. this is the place to go to understand why so many north dakota ends are hesitant to switch to renewable energy. yeah, my entire family silly. my grandpa, r t have records and i work in work for a company. so i mean, everybody in the family does it just mean industry around here? so do they hold for a boom in the oil business? now, as the western world seeks independence from proteins, oil and gas, or could there be an alternative? you know, it hurts when we can't sell local oil. honestly, i think, i mean, i don't think green energy is a bad thing,

but i think just trying to abruptly change it. you know, is, is, is short sighted to ingles, none of the work in the cloud cover your solar infusion. i've been work in which no one colo you got a problem folks. for decades, north dakota has been dominated by republicans who have supported the expansion of oil and gas drilling, opposed to cleaner and renewable energy sources. in a stage where 65 percent devoted for donald trump, fracking has been the alternative. but with concerns that this method of gas and oil extraction could devastate the environment. opponents fear that this new boom could pose further danger to north dakota. for 40 years, kathy message has been a consultant for the oil industry. have to remember that each drilling reg right now is much more efficient than the rigs of 5 years 10 years ago. so they're doing

much more work and more efficiently. i anticipate we will see drilling pickup. i do anticipate it will happen. it's not happening as quickly, but i think you're also going to see on the production side and working over the existing wells. and actually, you know, getting more production out of these wells. and some wells that may be, we're down from maintenance companies will be more serious about getting them producing by, you know, as an international labor union. it's north dakota branch represents $400.00 oil and pipeline workers and a space in the states capital bismark right now with the war going on in the ukraine. we're actually seeing an uptick on a push towards fossil fuel energy, not the green power because it's so available. and it's readily produced here in the state of north dakota. there is a greater voice for fossil fuels in the united states can produce what we need plus

export more for the time. being orland guess seemed to remain the driving force in north dakota speaking of driving forces, it's hard to imagine a world without steel, but the industry is a hugely polluting efforts to make it greener are already underway. but it's very much an uphill battle. d w reporter i did neurons on a break, stand the environmental impact of the industry and what's being done to make it greener. this is the metal that makes the modern world tip. imagine a life without it. no cause homes. duchess electricity. but this one, the material that a lives a built around carry, the dirty secret that nobody's talking about. the steel industry is responsible for jaw dropping, 8 percent of the wealth, greenhouse gas pollution. and bizarrely,

we're actually going to need a lot more of it to clean up our economies. so how can we make steal green and what's wrong with the industries favorite solutions? there are 2 reasons. the steel making process is so dirty. the 1st at purifying the iron or needed the steel, but heating i annoy the charco fires or mixing it with cooking cole and big blast furnaces. you can extract pure iron from rock. that's because oxygen atoms in the iron ore fly off and bind with carbon atoms in the coal. what's left behind essentially pure iron known as reduced time and a whole late of sierra to the 2nd reason steel sac said that it takes colossal amounts of energy to power this process. and most of that comes from if you guessed it, burning cold today. 72 percent on the global level are produced by others productions out. this is vito va touched the steel analyst at german climate think

tank a got in a given the. he says we're running out of time. the investment decision, steel make of make to day a crucial because the coal fired blast furnace of have a lifetime of 15 to 20 years. and after that need to be repaired or retired. the 2020. a very critical be kate, in disregard. because more than 70 percent of the global blackstone sleeps, will reach the end of the campaign lives and require reinvestment and re investment decision. so, what should still make us be doing right now? either j hydrogen, hydrogen acknowledging wonders of hodgen hydrogen gas and fuel that can be made cleanly with renewable energy up much less clearly with fossil gas. if you reduce ion or with hydrogen, oxygen atoms no longer react with carbon atoms to make c o 2. instead,

they react with hydrogen atoms to make h to the beauty about the concept is yes, you need a new production process. but as a byproduct, you have water instead of c o 2. and, and this is how we can make the fuel making process planet, which the 2nd step is then feeding the purified ion into an electrical, vanishing. these devices meltdown scrap steel or reduced. i am with high currents of electricity that turn them into liquid steel. and ideally they would be running on electricity made from renewable energy. that's pretty much what swedish steel make a s as they beat it last year when it delivered the wealth 1st batch of fossil free steel to comic of over europe. steel make the betting that hydrogen will be the future of steel right now. it costs more to make it this way. but if the gas prices stay high and carbon taxes rise, switching away from fossil fuels will become increasingly attracted from a business perspective too. but of course,

using hydrogen to learned doesn't make steel, greek. it's a process with several layers, kind of feels like an onion. this is caitlin wallack. a steel analyst at the u. s. based non profit global energy monitor. the 1st layer is to make sure your electric arc furnace unit is running completely on like green energy. but then you need to make sure that the reducing agent and the direct reduce iron plants is hydrogen. but that's not enough. you have to make sure that that hydrogen is actually being produced through an electrolyzer that's operating on 100 percent green. i'm renewable energy, sir. time for hydrogen. right? well, unfortunately there is a catch. you need a lot of hydrogen like ready floats, making will to steal into you out of hydrogen would require about 6000000 tons of the gas. just to satisfy the steel industry, hydrogen needs. you need almost as many wind turbines that you have today is not

impossible, but it is a logistical nightmare. one of the big challenges is where we build these hydrogen production facilities and need to happen in places that have that renewable energy capacity. the problem so far is lots of steel making regions don't have that capacity. at least don't have plans to build it up anytime sick and piping shipping, green hydrogen from elsewhere requires infrastructure to do so. and that old mean hydrogen can't be the whole solution. but the powerful waste simply by the problem that sounds almost too good to be true. recycling you might not expect it, but still is already one of the most recycled materials in the world. more than a quarter of the steel made today comes from recycled scrap steel. the new d need that's basically because the 1st step of purifying i ignore is expensive.

nothing that old steel. well, that's much cheaper. we have a rising stock, global steel scrap. because whenever a car, whenever a breach, whenever a building beach at the end of the lifetime, this deal scratch is collected sorted and then can be melted in electric, oxygen to produce new still recycling most feel could massively help and cutting the industry of energy demand. but there are limits each time you price a steel little impurities, like cauffron nickel can sneak in and we can the metal. that means you can't recycle it forever. a 3rd solution is keep the blasphemous as we're already using, but catch the emissions before they escape into the atmosphere. that's what advocates of common capture cooling for. fossil fuel companies say, the principal is simple. stick a box on top of a polluting pipe and suck up the c or 2 that comes out so you can use it and industry oh, store it safely underground. the reality is trickier. today,

capture rates are often low and casa hot. what's more of the fossil fuel industry has used the promise of carbon capture and storage will cease? yes, as an excuse to keep on polluting. but when it comes to d comp, neither heavy industries, alice do broadly agree that ccf the vital role to play alongside hydrogen. we're way behind and we're still the promotion going on. this is largely down into a company in auction on the of the policy level. this is eva penner from the cleaner task force. it's one of the few environmental organizations calling to put money into capturing carbon. one of the reasons why we, you know, we don't know answers to questions like capture rates or how would it work in a commercial scale is because your companies have hunter actually reduce their mission. the international energy agency expects carbon capture to cover half of will steal production by 2050, the climate friendly scenario. if it works, it would free up hydrogen to be used in other processes that are also hot clean.

but to date, we don't really know what chair of emissions ccf can actually capture from steel. if steel make a stick to blast furnaces, but ccf doesn't quickly become cheap or efficient, the cold a burn, we'll just keep on polluting. we console steel by giving up on it, but there's a huge amount policy makes and companies can do to get the tech solutions working. ah, tech solutions are also the focus of the entrepreneur and our next or force from the a t, as in had a vision to expand internet access in bangladesh. and as found it a start up to do just us. after all, it's hard to take part in the modern world without us here. she explains what motivates her and how she's carving out her own path in business. we are, yeah. listen, i think the internet in the same bound this, we're giving them to the power of internet to the people who need it. more entrepreneurship is all about learning on the way. and in fact,

it's because like every day i go to all this with kinsey and it's about 6 kilo's of this. this comes here. this is where all the magic happens. and this is my team here. this is where i spend most of my time. want don't have the life they say model people can earn by saying their life by more than 70 percent of the population. if phil offline, bond done is bringing down the cost of internet. so we're trying to bring these offline people online. mm hm. hi everyone. so we are today here, my favorite got, i'm good. do you here to my friend this is i fred, last year. hello. and there's a right for him or what makes of business? strong people are on the dean effectively. i have been all there be both,

there tend to have that doubt whether this person can actually do this work. and the 2nd thing is that can c, b, one of those people who, who to get here as our 1st priority. so that question also kind of remains in people's minds, which i think i can see to their eyes or to that if she, if i for you. if i can see you, to be very honest, i think women are much more level headed to michael, harder to much more level headed, much more organized than that. i am hello, welcome to my home. go. i knew. so here is my mom. yeah. and my grandmother and i know i know one thing why then live in my life and i got home and i talked to them about all my gone claims, all my problems and their, my support system. i used to go to a music school. i used to go to i school,

i used to go to my religious teacher, so i got that support from a very young age and i think that is something you do have to feel privileged about me. i welcome you to the please say that you decide with on the to get started and this is kind of i studied for liter times engineering and i'm just studying. and what i like about this subject is that there are so many things to figure out always and they're always real problems and which i think is very, very later in real life. because in real life, you keep giving problem. have yourself a thing that i learned from my i hear that he knows how to make to

a tang and also to live up to his commitment and move his progress. which is, i think one of the most important part of being a business man are being in the, in any profession or put the, i wanted to know. i want to publish impact be i'm on my advice for me is that she should turn her entire team into representatives for the company. but a bobby did it up any got a major impact on our country, on society, with a reporter between back to the party. ah, when you come talk to this background, it is an obligation to act. we have other because i feel like me helping people to reach their potential. if we are not the ones going there and doing the work, then it's all, there's always going to be any quality that there is so much new quality because people do not have, do not go on to boss on there to release. so it is important to me like this and

you know, this helps with not only yourself, not, it makes you feel like you're helping others in their satisfaction here. and that is all we have time for from this addition of made. but you can re watch all of our reports online, d, w dot com slash mate. we really hope you enjoy today's stories. thanks so much for watching. and until next time for me on the entire team, i take half a a a a

with, [000:00:00;00] with

ah ah ah, with who was the one who have called me joseph. oh, i don't, i don't you? okay, is africa's most prominent environmental activist, the nigerian conservation of the mission is to educate the entire continent about

the catastrophic effects of climate change. a message that she regards as especially important for the youth, nico africa, through here on d, w. ah, you become a criminal pre climb. i am ready news with hackers and paralyzed me to your societies. computers that out sure you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work. they can with how they can

also go a terabyte. what you know, on youtube, is the end of the pandemic in site. we show what it could look like. return to normal. and we visit those who are finding it difficult to success in our weekly coven 19 special. every thursday on d. w. o. by going to have in listening place of longing, the mediterranean it's waters connect people of many cultures seen of almost rock enter far abdul karim drift along with exploring modern

lifestyles and mediterranean, where it has history left its traces, leading people hearing their dreams, a mediterranean journey intended starts august 14th on d, w. ah, ah, this is d, w. news live from the rushes war and ukraine could be spreading to be occupied crime in peninsula huge blocks kill at least one person on a military base. deep inside russian controlled territory. keith deny is carrying