in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route. i'm a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military facilities, but also linked to my financial and adventure full of hardships, dangers, and death. my jillions journey around the world, starting september 7th on d. w. exactly one year ago with the afghan capital kabul, it seemed almost everyone was trying to head in the same direction out of the country. many did escape, but when the last u. s. a. nato troops took off, they left behind countless afghans who would soon feel trapped by the tally bought . millions are now homeless, many are refugees, even more are hungry. i bring south in berlin. this is the day.

ah, i, it's my deep desire to see my church in life. it's a little bit difficult for me because i live on my family. i want to be with my children. i know that life is really difficult for us here physically. i mean, here i am and i've done is also coming up in pakistan and celebrating 75 years of independence, a story of national sovereignty, punctuated by personal sorrows done. if any one speaks of that time, i can immediately conjure it in my mind. i have got, well, how much it's really difficult to talk about it for those of us who remember it. ah,

but to our viewers watching on p b. s in the united states and to all of you around the world. welcome. we begin the day in afghanistan with a painful anniversary. quickly approaching monday will mark one year since the fall of cobble and the takeover by the taliban. it was also when a mass exodus began, afghans fleeing within and outside the country. the united nations put the number of officially registered african refugees worldwide. now at 2600000, but it adds the real number is likely much higher. and the vast majority of those people are now in pakistan and in iran. and here in europe, germany is now home to about a 180000 african refugees. and inside afghanistan, the number, they're huge. 3.5000000 people are internally displaced, forced to leave their homes by decades of war, political oppression. and now by food shortages. this was the scene at

capital airport a year ago. people massed together, trying to get on any plane that would take them. thousands got out. many more, were left behind, splitting up families, and leaving their loved ones in afghanistan at risk. well, 3 of shakima and abdul's children are in the us now. their remaining 2 daughters worked in television under the old government. now seamus says she fears they may be put in prison, but they and she misses the ones who made it out. what did i was saying? he had one of them but, and it's my deep desire to see my children and talk then learn what having a lot of problems here that the data didn't della did, which we will either come these challenges. but i want to be with my children,

so the other one is ominous. what are your day? some her son was a commando in the afghan army. now he's a refugee in the us where he still trying to get his family cleared to come over and do some. yeah, guess what the new us on smaller part of life is really difficult for us here. i've completed documentation for my family 2 or 3 times, but their clearances are still pending. unfortunately, the government ignores our files from obama. don't a nicky. at least he made it all the way to america. millions of afghan evacuees are stuck in limbo in neighboring pakistan, waiting for visas. many were journalists, or had other jobs that made them targets for the taliban. thus, if one of the law, unfortunately, we have not yet experienced the speedy transfer of evacuees, which is a breach of the pledges made to afghans by the united states and european nations office for a little place where i get up there yet. nicholas had a fall, she was in fresh i'mma, and abdul's family life in afghanistan is

a waiting game. it's one they have to play carefully with their lives, potentially at stake. and joining me here at the big table tonight is eleanor. it's i know she was head of the cobble office for the german conrad arden, our foundation. and so i know it's good to have you with this. you were part of that mass exit is when you were go, you and your, your african staff, you made it to beckett's done. so you've been in the capital tuscan now for about a year. what has that been like for you were co workers from afghanistan and well, it was very, very tough year. i'm since august last year. so i personally, i left cobbled to task and a week before cupboard fell and then the vacated all of our gun employees to through pakistan to germany. and it took us all together, 5 weeks. so with this that was 5 weeks without sleep. and but he was so lucky

because on the day on the 15th, i remember we were having a team meeting in the office in the morning and 2 hours later, basically, the taliban stood in the city in a city, in the middle of kabul, and a panic broke out traffic jam broke out and, and our, our employees for quite a while they, they were quite com and a trusted that we would find a solution. and i try to avoid panic. you know, and yeah, you go, this is a, this is a story. i guess with a happy ending, gotch refugees from afghanistan, he were able to come here to germany or who have made it to the united states. i'm wondering though, what about f scans who have gone, for example, it was because in where your office is now, do they feel that the are welcomed there? well, mega span is not a country where, where, where that takes refugees. biggest and most only country of trends it. so

a lot of flights went through tuscany, but no afghan refugee was being there. so actually there are no, no, no, i'm saying. and it said the feeling that outside of afghanistan, they were kind of being thrown to the wall. right? no one wanted them anymore. that is right. even pakistan and iran, they, they signalled long time had that they are not willing to take again, a lot of refugees. so most of their neighbor countries just acted as transit corridors and to other countries like europe or the united states. north america, australia. afghanistan is once again home. we were seeing this earlier in the program to this humanitarian disaster. but at the same time, now you have a war here in europe, in ukraine, you've got inflation all over the world. and you also have either the threat of china attacking may be taiwan. do you fear that the world just doesn't have

the attention capacity any more to focus on afghanistan? yes, i expected that also without the one ukraine. i expected that the attention will roll away after some time, and which is ok because i've done this done has been on high and attention before. and sometimes we can also without attention we can help and engage and support, but important. it said behind the scenes or there's and some help and support continued. and then we find a solution also for the students, aside in for the people which it, which is what you do. you have been committed to doing it, but you still need is to read some official attention, right? use the you, win has not recognized the totally bond. for example, as the official government. you've got in joe's and you've got for money staying out of the country. that is going to have to change, isn't it? if we want to see significant change, or do you see another way to bring positive change to the country where we need to

political will. and in a moment we are no wait. and c position are also asked because we are political foundations. we are not humanitarian and the german government has declared humanitarian plus. so they want to support engagement and stan, stan, underneath the diplomatic recognition, a little bit more than too many terran aid. many organizations, i know was a german, and joe's a still working in kabul and enough gone to stun basically on the same projects. they have only changed some, for example, they have to offer now agenda separate office space, but they continue. but for political foundations like us, it's difficult to re engage unless they are no relationship on your fisher basis. yeah, because it is political even if we want maybe to act like it's not me. there is the humanitarian side, but the political side is still there. what would be your message?

i mean, your career is about using politics to benefit people. what would be your wish for afghanistan? well, my wish, and this is i think an important message as we firstly have to accept them realities. and we have to work with the realities. so having declaring high standards, moral standards doesn't help the people in the country. so we need to search for a pragmatic solutions. and which means also engaging in the country. also having channels of talks to the government, a new de facto government, and then on a low level, it also working for, for minimum standards and minimum standards would be education. for example, education. if we were another time the west was enough chemistry in for 20 years, we had a chance, right? it took to make effect, a change in the toner back in power. do you sometimes feel that is just this is

a case that we're not going to win ever. i mean there's the frustration sometimes just take over. i mean, yeah, after 20 years and, and we have been doing lots of the same that didn't work. so now i think we have to change our strategy and we are also in a state of soul searching of what, what is the goal of our mission is what, what goal should foreign mission aim for and our goal for much too high and we never adjusted them, and i mean by we, i mean the whole international community and yes, when i came down to the last few years with a door and process piece process, there was euphoria. but in the end the goal was much higher. yeah. and the in the way it came became so fast, no one thought it was going to in the way the elements. i know, we appreciate you coming in the night, sharing your valuable experience and insight. thank you. thank you for. thank you. ah, on sunday pakistan will mark 75 years of independence. india will do the same on

monday, but attached to the celebrations are stories of personal pain and tragedy. reminders from history of just how important geography is arising from what was known as the partition of india. the borders of pakistan became official on this day 75 years ago. these are the lines that a british lawyer, sir cyril radcliffe, drew across the map of british india to create india and pakistan. pakistan itself divided into east and west pakistan. or in creating hindu majority, india in islamic pakistan. conditions were set for mass migration and religious pogroms. some 12000000 people found themselves on the wrong side of a line that divided nations along religious lines. hindus and newly created pakistan fled to india, and muslims in the opposite direction. up to a 1000000 people were massacred in the violence that followed. it's a story of shared violence among pakistan's,

an indians. and as we head into independence day celebrations for both countries, it's worth hearing from those who witnessed these new nations being born amid the carnage as well as the promise of a better future. ah, many young at that time i g 3040. so all those headings, amenities of partition. dr. d, was it? jenny? did was new dish teen. he's very what? engine? light on change. loosening. good job. so the against then suddenly it started this started dividing of marvel. i thought they used to teach in a village in what is now the indian side. but allah, he had come home on for the summer break. when all hell broke loose gently,

altogether much better mileage broke out schools were closed indefinitely. how many yet look at it of her school, but no, got it. got a lot of those bloodshed everywhere from countless dead bodies and injured people arrived into my city, which was on the new border. automatic, remember going there as a child to see what was happening? if any one day, only i love her. he came to easily chantrelle dead. oh no, you go because it's in danger. lost your life is when we came to billy, we saw oh, shandon slain, jayden the devil's old chalmers ticket. my father's business had gone and re we didn't have any money left. just city did you, as did you, how to think felt other than the bottles of pakistan, joe hampton, hamilton thumbnail. if anyone speaks of that time,

i can immediately conjure it in my mind. i haven't got, well, how much it's really difficult to talk about it for those of us who remember it on . i'm emotional right now because i haven't spoken about that. diamond 75 years out . i lost my loan. so many people do do these partition dc. i she said the dish cut each other. why it has started. i see on my i pad pockets on programs and i love that language because i belong to good please. i love those good. i'm me nice. you're the world is full of stories of law. but wall solves nothing to so you can fight as many was as you like. not fun, but meaningful decisions are only made at the negotiating table. but it's only the top leadership which makes us. ringback hydrogen,

jenna. this is what hyundai. we should we come together. we should my in most fish. ah, england, a country that is world famous for its rainy weather today officially declared a drought in many regions. that designation allows water companies to restrict water supplies to europe is currently in the grip of its most extreme dry spell. in decades, the european drought observatory says that 47 percent of the continent is facing a looming drought, 70 percent of europe. the places that you see in red on this map are already experiencing severe effects from weeks or months without any rain. the drought is helping fuel summer wildfires from portugal to central europe crops are being ruined at a time when global food supplies are being stretched in many of europe's rivers and

water reservoirs. while the shipper drying up europe's rivers are disappearing. italy's po is yet another casualty of the severe drought gripping much of the continent. the river would normally be teaming with tourists. instead, it's drawing bed is littered with empty boats. those living near italy's longest river say the situation is unprecedented yourselves or what i'm young and i do not remember anything like this, but even the elderly of my village and the villages around here have never seen something like this. never, ever with the po relied upon the keeping rice feels like this one irrigated farm as a warning of devastating consequences for the region known as italy's bread basket . spain is facing similarly, di, conditions with reservoirs falling to the lowest levels since 1995.

but this one in extra madura, the water has receded so far a medieval bridge submerged decades ago is exposed again in catalonia, this might century church has also a much from the depths with scorching weather, predicted continue, water supplies, a set to only dwindle further even the notoriously wet u. k is facing drought conditions with the source of the river thames drawing up for the 1st time since at least 1976 and made a record breaking heat and low rainfall in france. 2 rivers, a drawing up like here in the north west, where the law, the country's longest river has fallen so low in some places. it can be crossed on foot to the east,

sinking water levels in the rhine. a threatening not just fish, but the german economy to the river is a key economic artery with barges transporting millions of tons of cargo, including coal, oil, and gas each year. but officials a warning that it is set to become impossible for most boats within days as europe's drought drags on drought here in europe, it's just one aspect of a climate that is getting more extreme. it seems by the season an awful corners of the good. my next guest is chad, a green, one of the authors of a recent paper on the ice shelf off an arc ticket. it joins me to night from tucson, arizona, a state that is not known for, i'm having a lot of ice if it's good to have you with it's dark green and it may be hot here in europe. but i understand it's also much, much too warm in act and arctica what,

what did you find out in your research? oh, that's right. yeah. it's, it's, we're in quite a bit in antarctica this year, set a record for minimum sea ice extent. and we want to understand how are these changes happening in antarctica and what does it mean for a future? so to get at this, we mapped in articles, coastline at high resolution for about the past 25 years. and what we found is that an article has reduced an area by about 37000 square kilometers just since $1097.00. so for contacts that's about the size of switzerland. and this has a direct impact on ecosystems that are, that exist above and below these huge ice shelves. you know, penguins live on i shelves. so they've had to migrate, but it also has impacts on sea level rise. that's because i shows in antarctica, do this thing where they buttress the flow of these huge, massive glaciers. and so when you crumble away the edges of an eye shelf the,

i shall weekends and then these glaciers can speed up and accelerate their contribution to sea level rise. and while this is happening at the other end of the world in the arctic finish sciences, have failed. warming to be $4.00 to $7.00 times higher than expected. i mean, talk to me about what that means for climate models and the thick sheet of ice that covers greenland, for example. right, yes, this is this other big, huge study coming about the arctic. so them the polar opposite of antarctica, but really finding some of the same same things that this amplified warming. this paper finds that they are the warming is happening at and celebrated rate. so as much as we are in these more equitorial regions, we as much as we think it's warming up here, it's warming at a much faster rate in the arctic. and what this means is that sea ice and the ice sheet of greenland are both melting. and we see that in all sorts of different

datasets, we see that the should see ice shrinking, getting thinner and weaker. we also see quite a bit of ice mass loss from the greenland. i. she and these are gigantic pieces of ice that are melting. and although they're melting, when they turn into water, they are going to reduce the temperature of the oceans in. what is that going to do? for example too, i'm thinking of the jet stream. and i'm also thinking of the gulf stream bit takes a lot of that warm water in the air from the caribbean, brings it up here to northern europe. well, we are yeah, it's a, it's a complex system. so as the ice melts, it means that the, the, the surface of the ocean goes from white to almost black. and that means that the ocean is able to absorb more heat. so it's says, warming begets more warming scenario. but there's this other thing that's going on

is that as see ice melts. it's also this, this fresh water that just sits on top of the ocean. so that what that ends up doing is it shuts down the thermal hailing circulation is global conveyor belt. that drives energy and redistributes weather patterns all around the world. in a normal world, the global thermo haley circulation has this really predictable steady pace to it. the lower finding is that as see ice melts, we no longer have this dense salty water coming down, driving that cert thermo, i'm hailing circulation. and so we're getting these crazy weather patterns all throughout europe. and i'm wondering if people realize what you're talking about here. i mean, these are, these are existential threats that are in the making right now where i want us to pull in a snapshot of planet earth future. i think we've got that. can you as a scientist say,

when this might come to pass that we have that jeffrey ok . ok. so we have this near what we've been talking about. rather is a snapshot of planet earth future. i mean, something as cataclysmic, as you know, the gulf stream shifting or collapsing when, when would that happen? well, to some degree, we're already see it seeing this thing happen. but that doesn't mean it's a binary. it's here or it's not here. we still have choice in the severity of climate change. we, there is still time to act and it's really just a matter of how much we want to reduce greenhouse gases and how quickly we want to do it. are you feeling more positive after what we've seen in washington this week with the u. s. senate in the house passing this? this 1st major piece of legislation aim to fight climate change? is it enough? the climate aspects of that bill are absolutely

a very respectable step forward. so there's no question that renewable energy is going to be increasingly big part of our future. so i say, why wait around, let's just make it happen now. all right, i think a lot of people will agree with you chad green. joining us tonight from tucson, arizona is to greatly appreciate your time and your insights. thank you. thanks for having ah, finally tonight, thanks to a lot of watering by hand. one of europe's biggest summer gardening spectacles is celebrating a milestone anniversary. the brussels flower carpet has been laid out on the city's landmark grand place square. look at that. the tradition takes back 50 years, but was canceled the past 2 summers. you guessed it because of that buyers. the mexican artist who designed this year's layout compared the honor to the olympics or athletes and i would say it is time for everybody to take time and smelled the

flaw with the day is almost done. the conversation continues online, you'll find it on twitter, a d w. news, you can follow me on twitter at brent gov tv. every member whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day, have a good weekend. everybody will see you again, right here, next week. with

ah, with a making the headlines and what's behind them? dw news africa the show that was the issue shaping the continent. life is slowly getting back to normal. yeah. well, the streets to give you enough reports on the inside our cars,

funds is on the ground reporting from across the continent and all the trend stuff . the mazda you in 30 minutes on d. w. india, with the transition to green energy. a world without lithium, ion battery is unimaginable. but good concept for recycling and reusing are lacking to indian start up and their ideas for used energy storage equal in 90 minutes. on the d. w. sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning packs like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world

and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for, for imagine how many portion of love us are now in the world climate to the story. this is my plan, the way from just one week. how was kind of really guess we still have time to go. i'm doing all with a with

with this is dw news live in from berlin tonight, the author who has lived for decades under and a radian death threat has been stabbed in the us. solomon rushed was attacked on stage in new york state today. is there a link to rush these book satanic verses which offended ron's supreme leader so much that he ordered wash the beak.