carefully, don't know how with magic, discover the world around you. subscribe to the w documentary on you to be. oh hm. mm. mm. the effects of climate change are already painfully apparent, and while environmental protection is now topping some policy, agenda's huge challenges remain in this edition of made. we'll look at some of the

problems and solutions for our plan. us among the places will take you is the marmen nor lagoon in spain, where agricultural practices are destroying marine life. also coming up how a shortage of fertilizer is leading to some promising innovations in the united states. the complicated politics and environmental impact of deep sea mining and how to create diamonds out of thin air. i'm k, ferguson, thanks for joining me. for millennia human activity has been leaving. it's mark on the environment. in ancient rome, woodland was cleared for the construction of boats and bridges. us even then there were some voiced concerns. the philosopher seneca is said to have complained that the construction of villas was destroying the beauty of coastline. fast forward to the middle ages when the development of mercury mining led to the contamination of

surrounding waters. laser still in 1713 hans cow upon coll, events wrote a treatise on the need for sustainable forestry. 2 centuries later, air pollution in london gave rise to the term mark a combination of the words, smoke and fog. in recent decades, organizations like greenpeace, have worked to hold the culprits of environmental destruction to account. in our next report, we look at how industrial farming in spain is contributing to the demise of marine life ah, shallow waters, fine, sandy beaches, and plenty of sunshine. the mar manon, spain's mediterranean coast, is the largest salt water boom in europe. not only is it a vacation paradise, it also has a unique ecosystem but the

point being protected, this body of water is rapidly becoming a death flow in mid summer last year. thousands of dead fish, crabs, and other marine animals washed ashore. and it appears to be happening again, many in spain or shocked. the big question is, why is the mom in or dying? pedro lou ango has seen the disaster play out 1st. for lemma, a single day, every morning we found hundreds of fish with their white bellies floating upwards a failure. it was a scene of despair just horrible it and they were under this guide made you cry. seeing the ecosystem in that state them are going with them is the only furnace we head out on to the mom and all the lagoon is separate from the mediterranean. it has the highest salt content and forms its own biotech lingo is on the

lookout. what local school this of ada, the green c it's caused by the runtime, right? of audi in the water? the more algy, the less oxygen, the reason the water is a high risk that thousands of green animals will suffocate again this summer. let me tell you that in most, oprah main problem is the fertilizers that keep boring in to the mar, may know that they're killing the ecosystem. we urgently need to solve this problem, this and what that is in for. and the only way of doing that is by reforming agriculture. a god woke up your elaborate can i, legal up, fruit and vegetable plantations have taken hold around the mom and all the industry is worth millions. agriculture in lithia is a huge,

high output enterprise. it's the regions biggest economic sector, critic, se not what's causing the mass die off in the lagoon way. but i agree businesses a passing the buck for a hamp law air last one is that the residential areas dumped their waste water into the mar minner. they bought out a la while you get them into my, my know, i'm 100 percent certain that our agriculture as it is now, doesn't pollute anything, cannot fit that. everything is measured precisely to avoid contamination. i'm not going to come in there. ah, but the reality in this extremely dry region, often looks very different. arrayed on an agricultural farm and covers an illegal dissemination plant. something that's not uncommon here. the water is used for irrigation, but the toxic by products are disposed of in the mom and all. in addition,

thousands of illegal beat wells i used by farmers to irrigate around 8000 hector's crop land. the public prosecutor's office is investigating 40 companies and private individuals, but for far too long, authorities and politicians have turned a blind eye, says environmental. if peter lew ango, for example, it's been known for years that millions of tons of nitrate flow through this canal, directly into the mom and i get will be agricultural industry here, ignores the environmental consequences. hidden. it's focuses on maximizing profits while taking no response. i billed for the waste of my training the marmont nor like a sewer laga. big supermarket chains across europe by tons of fruits and vegetables from the more c a region. or these businesses

profiting off the back of the environment. our requests for an interview were declined in a written statement. germans supermarket aldi, said that all in spanish, suppliers have to meet high standards that the random checks, but that they otherwise rely on the countries own legal framework. this doesn't wash with agricultural expert. i'm on nevada, he says the farming lobby, and marcia is so powerful that hardly any one is afraid of police or the authorities. and that ali, supposedly high standards, are a foss, maryland little bit, if you can, and the big food chains dominate the market. holla, they own more than 95 percent, a normal bargain, but they pay next to nothing, but they try to get everything cheaper. even buy one sent to pull them up. sometimes they pay the farmers. nothing weakens was done by a lady, so farmers produce gets worse and worse because they can't afford to improve

anything. that is all about one thing that being cheap or get stuck in this one i meant to get it brought up. the mom in law is likely a victim of this business model. in the summer time cleaners are deployed to rid the beaches of audi. but environmental if say the effect is purely cosmetic pager, lorenzo is afraid that the mom and all is in such a poor state that soon it may be beyond rescue. the war in ukraine has intensified existing pressures on the global food supply. rising gas prices have led to a decline in fertilizer production, putting more strain on the agricultural industry. you can see the trend clearly here since july of 2019 the price of di ammonium phosphate. that's the world's most widely used phosphorus. fertilizer has more than tripled,

but there are solutions in the united states. entrepreneurs are coming up with alternative cleaner ways to fertilize the file. ah, you may think farmers in the united states should be as happy as can be right now. after all, prices for their products are up way up, wheat, corn, soybeans, pigs, milk, chicken, and kettle, crop farmers, and cattle ranchers get maximum returns this year, financially speaking and had a record here last year and the year before in yield out. so what could possibly be wrong? let's ask an expert chad heart, iowa state university professor of economics and agriculture economics. this year will be tough because of the supply chain challenges and also with the weather conditions that we're thinking. oh, same thing as i'm looking down at south america. if you think about the sort of the

recipe of what we're seeing in agriculture production over the last year or 2 years . ah, we seen significant droughts in both south american here and in the united states of definitely the supply chain challenges are hitting across the board. the most problematic supply chain issue for you as farmers, the severe shortage of fertilizers and a lot of the fertilizer that the globe depends upon comes from russia, bella, ruth, ah, places that you know, least the u. s. in europe will no longer buy from. so that limits the supply of fertilizer around the world that's creating those supply chain challenges for producers. we're meeting one of those producers, iowa crop farm, or den. hence, he's working roughly $700.00 acres total. this is considered a small form, however, is main challenge this year. is the fertilizer shortage?

definitely volatile times right now. so i would say the, the supply issues are as concerning as the price issue. but those things are very much length as the shortage of fertilizer. definitely creates more demand for and, and drives that price up. the big concern is, you know, moving forward in the coming years. is there going to be as, as a situation or a time in which it's not just about pain, a high price, but physically getting the fertilizer that, that scares a lot of us. then just putting soybeans down, now he has dedicated 300 acres for soybeans. this year a while ago we finished planting corn on 400 acres for that he partially used a new product in new and different kind of high tech fertilize. they'll use traditional, the types of traditional fertilizers that we've been utilizing for

a long time. i as well as a synthetic nitrogen, but 3 years ago started utilizing a bio biology and the biological microbes, microwaves, as fertilizers from pivot by it started off in berkeley telephone. the company's products are the hot commodity for farmers like den hansen, for other farmers in iowa and across the nation. the massive problems us farmers face in terms of getting their hands on enough, affordable traditional fertilizers have also help this start up in san francisco. tricity. these 3 friends and fellow stanford university students found the company in 2080. they hoped to create an alternative to industrial synthetic hurdle, answers their goal,

invent and environmentally friendly or clean energy using more efficient and rely away to fertilize cross. here is what they came up with. the way that sir nature does, it is lightning strikes the ground and we have the nitrogen, the air gets fixed into knox effectively. and the rain captures that knocks as nitrates and rains out of the field. and then what happens then is the grass grows greener the next couple days after we've containerized that process, but the lightning in a bottle effectively and connected to solar energy to power it. i can produce those nitrates that go out to the field. sounds easy enough, but of course it's not. joshua niko and j spent years perfecting their technology and process. now they think they're ready to be competitive or making tens of pounds of fertilizer today. ah willard relatively small team and we're ceiling of that process rapidly. we want to be making tons of fertilizing next year. at which

point we'll be ready to implement our 1st like commercial scale system, michael hasty runs his family medium, large farm, and 3rd generation. this year, fertilizing his crops was a major challenge for him also. so he went back to utilizing the oldest fertilizer of the mom. maybe in my father's or my grandfather's generation manure was, was a waste product. you know, when your livestock producers you just wanted to get rid of it. you just go dump it somewhere. well then that slowly transition to people realize what an asset that was to now it's a highly sought after asset. it's even goes to as far where people will put up livestock facilities, whether be hogs or chickens or turkeys or cattle. just for the only purpose of the manure they're going to receive from that. so yeah, it's, it's, it's a big commodity these days. ah, and this is where a percent chris comes in. he calls himself

a hobby farm. he's the owner of what is called a small gentleman for buck sent, which is also an on for laura in manure, in dung, cow, food or whatever else one wants to cult natural fertilizer products i as my business name and i grew up by around here in woodbine, iowa, and i started business salesman, newer these days sink was his whole family working, answering calls from farmers from all over the country, all asking for his all natural, fertilize and then hands, mixture of regular how pool with other neutral ingredients, like line city malls, and chips, i think what was happening right now is with this crisis that we're having, it's an a catapult dis industry. it's gonna be anybody that has any sort of renewable sustainable technology is gonna be gang busters. nearly anybody working

in our culture, including local and state governments, and most experts in the u. s. hope apes and chris is right. all agree and extended even worse, fertilizer crisis is going to hurt everybody all over the gas and oil are certainly not the only resources companies are interested in tapping in recent times has been an increasing interest in mining the ocean floor, lucrative deposits to be fine. there include cobalt, a key component of batteries and magnets. manganese, not you'll side of which copper nickel and platinum can be extracted are also in high demand for their use in high tech equipment. and that's not all massive, full fight deposits of silver think and gold are also targets for mining. the economic potential of the ocean bed is huge. but as reporter emily lester discovered, so is the environmental cost deep down at the bottom of the ocean, a secret race is going on. a race between private companies rushing to secure

access to valuable minerals, mining the ocean floors is potentially a multi $1000000000.00 business. but some think we need to turn our attention to the planet, not profit. what on earth is going on at the bottom of the ocean? and is it too late to stop it? let's dive in. ah, billions of tons of valuable minerals like manganese, copper, cobalt, and nichol, currently sit undisturbed at the bottom of the sea. they're valuable because they're used in electric batteries and our personal devices and companies argue will need them if we plan to move away from our dependence on fossil fuels. but not everyone thinks drilling into the ocean floor is a great idea. scientists are worried that sucking up nodules will disturb habitats

and the organisms that live within them. they're worried that the pollution will disrupt the ability for sea life to feed, hunt and mate, and could eventually lead to a mass extinction of species. and they believe the consequences of drilling one area was go far and wide. so are these companies even allowed to drill? well, this is where the whole thing gets really interesting. perhaps the idea of the bad part, it was attractive to more actors in the 19 seventy's and eighty's when we knew best about the environmental impacts and as opposed to what the situation is. now, back in the 19 seventy's and eighty's, the u. n. recognized the ocean would eventually attract the attention of prospectors. so it drafted a document called the un convention on the law of the c, which gave guidance on how country should behave when it came down to the part of

the deep sea that sat outside national jurisdiction. and it gave this area a name very imaginatively. it called it the area. it includes large areas of the pacific atlantic and indian oceans. the convention was ratified by a number of countries in 1982 who all agreed that the area would be considered the common heritage of all of human kind. this means that technically it belongs to everyone a little over a decade later, an organization called the international seaborn authority was created to organize, regulate, and control mineral related activities in the area. they wanted to make sure that any future profit made from mining was shared. but a smaller group, the legal and technical commission of the i a say is the one who makes the final decision. when it comes to approving mining applications. members state submit an

application on behalf of their government. but there's a loophole in the convention that allows private companies to do this too. oh, they don't enterprises. another private acres by the company's persons can apply for a mighty contract to the ac, provided they have sponsorship from a member state. this is how a company registered in canada, a company that used to be known as deep green metals, and now goes by the metals company has been able to lay claim to areas in the pacific ocean. so at the moment the metals company has quite a number off mining exploration contracts through different sponsoring sites and say, what we've seen is one company essentially gaining rights for a number of preserved areas. in now root the metals company asked the i a say to

begin drafting regulations, so it can start commercial mining. the deadline is next year and mining could begin as soon as 2024. even if the regulations aren't fully flushed out. not only are the impacts on the environment, unclear, there are lots of other issues that need a closer look. what we do know is that the contractors must pay the, i say, $500000.00 for each exploration application. this revenue contributed significantly to the i, essays, operating budget. another worry is that the mining contractors are not subject to international law. companies like the metals company could be able to evade responsibility for any environmental damage they cause. so we, we obviously have, in that scenario, the best that a private company can though many of said we should hold off on mining

until to impact is better understood. the head of the i a say has played down the criticisms. he's met regularly with mining executives and said the risk has been overstated. i don't see why we need to have this perceived pressure of yay. see having to make revenue and inca on this proceed. pressure to meet the deadline and things like that. you know, we, we shouldn't falls on that track because otherwise, if we allowed needs to happen, we're just going to make things a lot words, you know, you're in a whole stop again. you know, in order to really know we may need a bit more time. time to set a comprehensive regulations time to understand the environmental impact and time to create balances of powers. so that the deep sea really does benefit. all of human kind. diamonds may not be every girl's best friends, but they are still one of the most valuable materials in the world. conventional large scale, diamond mining is extremely damaging to the environment,

burning huge quantities of fuel and leaving pets. hundreds of meters deep in the grand butts. could there be another way of conjuring the precious stones the porter offered gelati investing in me hey, have you heard of this? you can make diamonds out of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. no joke. you can actually mine the sky when at least then from great britain say so then is this for real? the idea came about thinking about carbon capture and realize that we had to lock it into something permanent. and that led me to think of dimes as most part of the form of carbon transforming thin air into sparkling diamond's sound somehow logical. order h. ladies and gentlemen, let's make some divers. dane,

it's your turn. how does it work? sure. we capture very water. and we split it to make hydrogen, we, we don't need the oxygen, we capture c o 2. and we feed hydrogen and c o 2 into another machine that makes me . but it's basically the gases that we feed in that super high temperature. which then enables the recall in the mean thing to drop out and form the crystalline structure ah, all. and in 2 weeks you, diamonds are born diamonds are symbols of purity. calling the perfection. no. but then why should i do all this to

me to get one diamond mining is really destructive process to the environment. the holes so big you can see them from all mining industry digs, 1100 tons of roll to make that one tiny stone. and that whole process in this enormous amount of c o 2 and pollutes the environment. okay, thanks for the listen. got it. so if i'm dreaming of having a diamond without damaging the environment, i just talked to my guy with what an entertaining fi and flash, and that's all we have time for from this addition is made. it's been a pleasure helping you with us. remember, if you'd like to watch back any of the reports on today, so you can do that on d, w dot com slash mates. until next time for me, i'm the entire team,

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good future, you know, 277 percent every weekend on d. w. departure into the phone. today. this means flying to a foreign planet. in the steve century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route. the world famous the voyage of ferdinand magellan. part of a race for power between spain and portugal. a race to military interests, erase linked to political and military places, but also linked to making financial changes and adventure full of hardships, dangers and death. 3 years that would change the world

forever. my jillions journey around the world. start september 7th on d. w. ah . this is d w. news line from berlin. the palestinian president sparked outrage in germany accusing israel of committing 50 holocaust against his people in german transfer all of shoulder spaces, heavy criticism for failing to immediately respond to the comments. also coming up in the program, kenya's president elect to william root.