to a foreign planet. in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route, a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military, christie, but also linked to my own financial venture full of hardships, dangers, and death. my children's journey around the world, sports september 7th, on dw, with everything on our planet fools downwards towards via centers. we experienced this gravitational pull all the time. without gravity, the earth wouldn't have any atmosphere. that means no oxygen to breathe. without gravity, we wouldn't have any other planet stars or moons and our soda system. without

gravity would float aimlessly like astronaut on the international space station. but we're not designed for weightlessness. ah, welcome to to morrow to day. the science program on d. w. german astronaut mathias mother returned to us from the i ss in may, how fit to see after 6 months of being weightless in space, t w's lia outbreak to met maorga the 1st time before his mission to the i assess. then she spoke to him again during the mission, also about the impact of weightlessness on the body. now he's back on earth where he told her that getting used to gravity again isn't easy. under these will be astronaut mathias morrow's last 0 gravity hugs for a while with mathias now are floating as well as they get. now it's time to

squeeze back into the space capsule and return to earth with her. was a wonderful ride back down from 0 gravity down to one gravity. in the meantime, react to pass like the acceleration and up to 4 times bound by the way that was quite intensive. a wide right and for the spacecraft enters earth's atmosphere at 27000 kilometers per hour. the friction generates on re entry heated until it loops on the outside parachute slow down its descent and it lands in the ocean near florida. welcome, how a common now diana, ah, on the ground, my very 1st smell was like being outside of the capsule in, in florida on the see on the ocean. and was just fabulous feeling the thought in the air. just feeling onto the wind in your face of us. beautiful. and we definitely saw a big thumbs up from

a t s bar back on earth after almost 6 months in space. a flight he not only spent 6 months living in 0 gravity, but also without being able to smell much of anything. at this makeshift thanksgiving dinner, the astronauts could only smell a fraction of the meal. mathias malware explains why. one young face, you have 2 facts that like lead to the effect that you cannot smell as well as on the ground. one is that your fluid shift goes up and so all your sinuses kind of swollen and you cannot smell as well as on the ground. you always found it look like you congested. the 2nd effect, this, that swelling smelling food. it also comes when there is a hot soup, for example, on a meal. and the warm air rises and it brings all to the smell to your nose. but in fewer g, the warm air doesn't rise so physically possible. so these 2 combinations and

resolved that he don't smell as much as on the ground. water also behaves differently in 0 gravity, including in astronauts bodies. in space, bodily fluids rise toward the head, which causes not only the all factory nerves to swell. when i fly up to face the fluids go up in the body and i had almost like somebody joking me. so that was my 1st feeling and you see those on the photos when i'm in space, i have a round face and puffy face that changed immediately. when i came back on the ground and the very 1st time i saw my colleagues after a few days up to the landing, i felt like they all look. we had a bizarre because they were like very slim and not like i remember them having seen them in space for comparison. hughes, my ts malware in 0 g. and here he is on earth. what all

of us who come back from spicy gravity sucks and it really is a tough on your body. your arms are heavy, your legs are heavy. and when you walk, it's kind of almost like exercise, just walking. in the beginning, i had problems holding my head straight because in space my app was floating since the international space station orbit the earth, 90 minutes astronaut, see up to 16, sunsets and sunrises in 24 hours. weather mathias morrow looks up to earth or down . doesn't matter, 0 gravity affects the inside of his body as well. and throws his sense of balance out of why it takes him a while to get used to living on earth. again. the biggest change was yet really been because in the, in a if you have the sense of equilibrium and it's called what?

and he says more christus and his christus floats in space. and so they need up to 5 days unto they settle down and they give you the right information on if your head is like it, australia, and you need this information when you walk from the beginning, when i closed my eyes, i couldn't tell if i was standing or laying down just like i didn't have this information since returning to earth mauer can't just flowed out of bed anymore. even simple tasks like tying shoes and putting on socks are very different in space. but with a bit of practice, the astronaut has readjusted to earth's gravity. beginning you exercises like in a police test than your car stop. so they told me like, okay, go a straight line and you go and if you want to take him, but they by day you get to these exercises with more flexibility with more bending . and then you're back in for type the effects of mathias mowers,

time and space remain in only one part of his body, his spine beat on the standard here on the ground, the spine as an s shape. it's because we walk in the run and so that is perfect for this movement. but in space, he spines stretches, and it becomes tried a straight line. and then so now it needs the phone back again into the original shape and to fulfill the original exercise. and it's still a little bit adapting mowers spend almost half a year living in 0 gravity. in this high tech environment. it took almost the same amount of time for his body to completely re adjust to the earth's gravitational pull. fortunately, mauer didn't suffer any damage while he was in space. the fluid shifts caused many astronauts to exp,

koreans permanent changes to their vision. according to his doctors, morrow is in tip top shape. his timing outer space will have no permanent effects on his body. he's still as fond memories, though, like of the fact that in space chores are much more fun when you can float. there are myth floating and the let's say to make use of the 3 dimensions of the room. now we only limited to the flat surface that we're standing on. i enjoyed like living up there. it was like, i go, i push and i'm already that corner. but her having seen both sides, i definitely can see where the advantages of being in space. sometimes the thought of that of benefit to be on the ground. for example, when you eat your food, then it stays on the plate. it doesn't float off. that's a real benefit or holiday meal that hasn't come from counts and sashes is one benefit to being back. mathias mauer is especially happy to finally be able to bunch on

a crunchy salad and pizza. again. life on the i assess is clearly not a particularly healthy one. weightlessness puts a strain on the body not to mention the cosmic radiation. and these high energy particles from space, rain down on the earth and penetrate everything that lives on it. but in much smaller doses than on the i ss, ignacio munoz, 24 from chilly centers. the question about band how does cosmic radiation affect all living beings? the sun is the source of our lives. it provides the earth with heat and light. without it, neither plants, animals nor humans would have been able to develop on us but the sun has another side. it also held electrically charged particles into space

which hit the earth at high speed. super over explosions also contribute to cosmic radiation. they throw out charged heavy atoms of nickel and iron, for example, which can also travel extremely fast. the radiation with the most energy probably originates and distant galaxies, massive black holes nest at their centers, and when they devour matter, they admit highly energetic radiation. a cosmic particle can have as much kinetic energy as a tennis ball falling to the ground from a height of 10 meters. no living being can withstand the bombardment of such high energy particles which are also electrically charged. cosmic rays can penetrate organisms unhindered and alter the dna of cells so that they mutate or even die. if those particles hit water molecules, they can form free radicals that damage souls and triggered diseases.

the body react to these radicals with inflammation, which damages the heart. fortunately our earth has a magnetic field, it deflects most of the cosmic rays away from us. the atmosphere also ensures that only a small amount of cosmic radiation reaches the ground. the particles that shower down can be made visible with so called cloud chambers. there they leave luminous traces. the radiation increases with the distance from the ground on a long whole flight. and a matter of hours were exposed to 5 percent of an entire year's radiation dose on the ground. on the international space station, the dose is around 7 to times stronger than on the ground. that weakens the

astronauts mitochondria, the tiny power plants in the cells. if they go for a space, walk outside the space station, they get a year's dose of cosmic radiation. this poses a major hurdle for future flights to marcy perhaps it's better to stay here after all. and the secrets of the universe can also be explored from earth. for example, how the world is structured. in physics, the so called standard model describes phenomena in the microcosm. everything that we see, the earth planets people, animals, plants, is made out of matter particles. the standard model describes the structure of particles and the basic forces that hold them together. if these basic forces didn't exist, the world would disintegrate into the tiniest elementary particles. to name the 4 basic forces, there is the electro magnetic force, the so called strong force,

the weak force. and the 4th one is gravity. but it so weak in the world of the smallest particles that it's emitted from the standard model. there was one question with the standard model, that physics couldn't answer for a long time, where the elementary particles get their mass from. this is where the heck space on comes into play named after the british physicist peter hakes who 1st propose its existence. the particle itself was finally discovered 10 years ago at a massive research facility near geneva, known as san it's europe's nuclear research center. our reporter, sushi mito, ramakrishna, and went to sea and land. that's the iconic. so fountain in lake geneva, switzerland. but guess what? i was actually there that me walking to the stickly.

ah, we are standing here a geneva, with several international organizations, including the world health organization, the world trade organizations, and the united nations office in geneva is behind me. however, we are not here to visit any of these organizations. we're going someplace special . follow me. i'm standing here at sun in front of the atlas experiment, building 100 meters beneath my feet is the large hadron collider where the higgs both on was discovered. 10 years ago, son,

the european organisation for nuclear research studies, incredibly small particles that were all made or they have a giant donut shaped facility deep within the ground. that accelerates and collides subatomic particles to see what happens. on one such smash adorns, they found a really special particle called the higgs, pusan, who's discovery short scientists, how subatomic particles get their masses. at that time i was a physics undergrad in china, india. and this discovery was the biggest event of my college life. a decade later, in july 2022, the collider has been fired up again for the 3rd time. in this run, scientists planned to collect more data than ever before about the higgs pusan. i wanted to know why this is a big deal, so i met with andre david hughes little confused here, but this is the man dress bonsa beautiful building detectors and analyzing the

outcome from these colliders. these detectors will be used in the next run of the large hadron collider, which will begin half a decade later. i asked andre, why do we build such grand experiments and particles the zix to begin with? particle physics is it p. solve the puzzle? i in understanding nature, now nowadays we have beautiful telescopes, beautiful observatories, beautiful gravitational wave observatories that allow us to understand the largest scales of the causes. particle physics looks at the smallest scales. and these 2 there, like 2 infinities, the thought she'd shudder be infinitely large. is the picture of what we're used to be the infinitely small at the beginning of the universe. what so special about this round of experiments, the 3rd run of the image, see the 3rd period of bait that taking that just starts of the month ago is going

to double the amount of bait that we have. now that's not the lot of data, but in the meanwhile, we have had the opportunity to improve all of the electronics and all of the defect, their parts, that selects the most interesting collisions. so we now have, let's say, a smarter brain in the experiments that allows us to filter and be better in terms of handling the formation by finding the higgs. boost on scientists build everything postulated in the standard model of particle physics. but plenty of mysteries about the nature of our universe to me and by fighting up the collided again. they hope that they may go some way and explaining them. his mother mikado, the spokesperson of the atlas experimented son. he walked me through what's been done in the past month and said that scientists are already seen you action. have

other models, complimentary model, and a predicts on a new phenomenon. and these are you phenomena that we're looking for. in general, we're just looking for any deviations from the sun, a modern decent. i think that we do directly the data and addition to the huge amount of data being generated, there is something really special about the project. my to me says important aspect . yes. yes. all working together, everybody with different competences and you put them together and you are able to perform experiments that, that for absolutely unthinkable. but why do we work so hard to collect this data? having more data is like having more needles in a haystack to find says, step wrong, you a theoretical physicist, the experimentalist do not allow theorist to go anywhere near the data or the machine because we probably break it or do something silly. on the day the higgs

both on was discovered to have own. you met peter higgs, the physicist who had to post the existence of the particle almost half a century earlier. after telling me about the encounter. never gave his view on why we explode the atomic blood. it left me with goose bumps. when we look back on our time now, what will stand out is that this is the time in which we completed the stand model and found the higgs bows on that gives mast to all the particles. this is the time we walked on the moon, and this is the time that hopefully we also solved many other problems which humanity is facing. but what will really help us to solve all these problems, i believe, is a culture of science and technology of curiosity, of coming together to form these big projects. these things that train scientists and engineers and raise the curacy of the next generation. and only by understanding the world around us, can we really, how hope to go forwards and as

a humanity. and that was my main take away from my visit to sun. what's happening underneath these somewhat generic looking offices is a fascinating exploration of the unknown. and that could be vital for humanity. gravity makes our earth revolve around the sun. and the name is gravitational coal drives, the tides on earth, the tides that is the ab and flow of the seas have created a unique coastal landscape in some areas known as mud flaps. that home to one particular species that has awaken the interest of researches in france. it's 10 p. m. at low tide, the perfect time to look for a certain little creature that could revolutionize medicine

the lug worm or the a rainy color marina. it's existed for 350000000 years and it's about as thick as a finger and up to 40 centimeters long. and the sand eating animal it could provide a substance that is desperately needed by humans. it's all to do with the worms blood. more specifically, the component that supplies the organs with oxygen hemoglobin for the last 20 years. well waiting for something new from scenes, i may improve the quality of the, our gas, and we didn't get anything, you know. so it's really huge at the beginning, every book, people laughing said i going to talk about marine biology. we're and who am that we are. we are a doctor. and he going to to talking about warming hospital. 25 years ago frank

saw was researching animals that live in extreme environments and noticed something remarkable. i know that there is a warm on the beach cala, any color marina, and this one was very interesting for me just to try to understand our worm can bris during low tide and i tied so it was at the beginning just from the, not our research just marine biology question and one i work on this question and i found it as a worm. stop to grissom between the low tide he was just bracing when he was under water like fish, lug worms have gills and breathe under water. but surprisingly at low tide, they don't suffocate, they simply hold their breath life or kill my attention on this war. and i found this very special michael, which is not include on red blood cell, which is don't have her blood typing, which is very similar of the future with

a. busy it'd be a from human from child has discovered an extraordinary oxygen storage system. convinced that lug worm hemoglobin could be used in medicine. he left university and started his own company. hem arina. it was like a really adventure to, to arrive to death as that. so we can use this product fora for human use is biotechnology company that started from nothing now has more than 40 employees. the sample they extract from the lug worm contains the supercharged hemoglobin. molecules from sal says a small bottle, could replace a whole bag of blood at rest university hospital in western france. jani glen moore is a doctor who specializes in transplants. he's studying the effectiveness of blood borne hemoglobin. this product is very important because he can deliver within the

tissue oxygen. and of course, one of the 1st example is organ transplantation because we know that during the procedure of transportation, the organs, the organs you know, need oxygen and will when you transplants are just one possible application. theoretically worm hemoglobin could be used whenever oxygen is lacking somewhere in the body. this animation shows how it might work from there to human hemoglobin in the blood cells . the lug where molecule can transport almost 40 times as many oxygen atoms. ah, and they're also much smaller than blood cells. so they keep flowing even if the

vessels are severely constricted they could potentially be used to treat strokes or wounds that are struggling to heal or an oxygen deficiency caused by covert 19 you know, we can imagine a band shuffle a chance. joe's his accent go and you can see is just coming from the basic and the more work that we call we're having such an oxygen carrier. we do have the temptation to say ok, look what not to use it as a blood substitute while not to using an oxygen county or for the korea patients on so on. so hm. but i mean, even if this muni group is only effective in trans clock it's it's, it's huge. so huge. i think it's a huge novelty. it's very important blood from a humble lug worn could be the world's next miracle cure. if i'm

a blood is read. why a, if you have a science question, send it to us is a video text or voice message if we answer is on the show will send you a little surprised. it's a thank you. come on, just ask that. so for this week on tomorrow today, see you next week and until that state period with

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offers and jolly our services be our guest at frankfurt. i bought cd managed by frappe waterloo just ah ah, this is d w. news line from berlin. the un secretary general says ukraine's energy belongs to ukraine. antonio charters calls on russian not to cut the upper region nuclear power plant from ukraine's power grid. something here says moscow is planning to do. also coming up with the program.