this is actually like to live in space back on earth, he tells us about the everyday life of an astronaut. a, what people have to say matters to us. but me, that's why we listen to their stories. reporter every weekend on d. w. everything on our planet fools downwards towards fia center. we experienced this gravitational pull all the time without gravity. the earth wouldn't have any atmosphere. that means no oxygen to breathe without gravity. we wouldn't have any other planet stars or moons and our soda system. without gravity would float aimlessly like castro

notes on the international space station. but we're not designed for weightlessness . ah, welcome to to morrow to day. the science program on d. w. german astronaut mathias mother returned to us from the i ss in may, how fit to see after 6 months of being wait this in space t w's, lia our quick to met mother the 1st time before his mission to the i assess. then she spoke to him again during the mission or so about the impact of weightlessness on the body. right now he's back on earth where he told her that getting used to gravity again isn't easy. these will be astronaut mathias morrow's last 0 gravity hugs for a while. he is now are flowing in as well as they get now it's time to

squeeze back into the space capsule and return to earth. the earth was a wonderful right back down from 0 gravity down to one gravity. in the meantime, react to pass like the acceleration and up to 4 times bound by the way that was quite intense of a wide ride reserved for the spacecraft and use earth's atmosphere at 27000 kilometers per hour. the friction generates on re entry heated until it loops on the outside parachute slow down its descent and it lands in the ocean near florida . ah, welcome. how common now diana, ah, on the ground, my very 1st smell was like being outside of the capsule in, in florida on the see on the ocean. and was just fabulous feeling the thought in the air. which feeling onto the wind in your face, the most beautiful. we definitely saw a big thumbs up from

a t s bar back on earth after almost 6 months in space. a flight he not only spent 6 months living in 0 gravity, but also without being able to smell much of anything. at this makeshift thanksgiving dinner, the astronauts could only smell a fraction of the meal. mathias murderer explains why. one young face, you have 2 effects that like lead to the effect that you cannot smell as well as on the ground. one is that your fluid shift goes up and so all your sinuses kind of swollen and you cannot smell as well as on the ground. he always found it like you congested. the 2nd effect, this, that swelling smelling food. it also comes when there is a hot soup, for example, on a meal and the warm air isis, and it bring forth the smell to your nose. but in theory g, the at the same size,

so physically is a possible. so these 2 combinations end result that you don't smell as much as on the ground. water also behaves differently in 0 gravity, including in astronauts bodies. in space, bodily fluids rise toward the head, which causes not only the all factory nerves to swell. when i fly up to face the fluids go up in the body and i had almost like somebody joking me. so that was my 1st feeling and you see it on the photos when i'm in space, i have a round face to puffy face that changed immediately. when i came back on the ground and the very 1st time i saw my colleagues after a few days up to the landing, i felt like they all look. we had a bizarre because they were like very slim and not like i remember them having seen them in space for comparison. here's my ts malware in 0 gee. and here he is on earth. what all of us who come back from spice say gravity sucks and it

really is a tough on your body. your arms are heavy, your legs are heavy. and when you walk, it's kind of almost like exercise that just walking in the beginning, i had problems holding my head straight because in space my app was floating since the international space station orbiting the earth, 90 minutes astronaut, see up to 16, sunsets and sunrises in 24 hours weather mathias morrow looks up to earth or down doesn't matter. 0 gravity affects the inside of his body as well. and throws his sense of balance out of why it takes him a while to get used to living on earth. again. the biggest change was the eclip him because in the, in a if you have the sense of the librium and it's called hotter lights. and it has

more crystals and these crested floats in space. and so they need up to 5 days until they settle down. and they give you the right information on if you had this like it, australia, and you need this information when you walk from the beginning. when i close my eyes, i couldn't tell if i was standing or laying down it just like i didn't have this information since returning to earth mauer can't just flowed out of bed anymore. even simple tasks like tying shoes and putting on socks are very different in space. but with a bit of practice, the astronaut has readjusted to earth's gravity. beginning you'd exercises like in a police test on your car. stop for they told me like okay, go a straight line and you go and if you're welcome to take him but they by day you get to these exercises with more flexibility with more bending. and then you're

back in for type the effects of mathias mowers, time and space remain in only one part of his body, his spine. meat, understand that here on the ground, the spine as an s shape. it's because he walk in the run and so that is perfect for this movement. but in space, he spines stretches, and it becomes try the straight line. and then so now it needs the phone back again into the original shape and to fulfill the original exercise. and it's still a little bit adapting mauer or spend almost half a year living in 0 gravity. in this high tech environment it took almost the same amount of time for his body to completely re adjust to the earth's gravitational pull. fortunately, mauer didn't suffer any damage while he was in space. the fluid shift cause many

astronauts to experienced permanent changes to their vision. according to his doctors morrow is in tip top shape. his timing, outer space who have no permanent effects on his body. he's still as fond memories, though, like of the fact that in the space chores are much more fun when you can float. yeah, i miss floating and the, let's say, to make use of the 3 dimensions of the room. now we only limited to the flat surface that we're standing on. i enjoyed like living up there. it was like like, oh i push and i'm already that corner. but having seen both sides, i definitely can see where the advantages of being in space from time to thought of the of benefit to be on the ground. for example, when you eat your foot and it stays on the plate, it doesn't float off. that's a real benefit a holiday meal that hasn't come from counts and sashes is one benefit to being beth mathias. mauer is especially happy to finally be able to

bunch on a crunchy salad and pizza again. life on the i assess is clearly not a particularly healthy one. weightlessness puts a strain on the body, not to mention the cosmic radiation. these high energy particles from space, rain down on the earth and penetrate everything that lives on it. but in much smaller doses than on the i ss. ignacio manion frankie for from chilly centers. the question about band how does cosmic radiation effect all living beings? the sun is the source of our lives. it provides the earth with heat and light. without it, neither plants, animals, nor humans would have been able to develop honor

the sun has another side. it also held electrically charged particles into space, which hit the earth at high speed. so you can, over explosions also contribute to cosmic radiation. they throw out charged heavy atoms of nickel and iron, for example, which can also travel extremely fast. the radiation with the most energy probably originates in distant galaxies, massive black holes nest at their centers, and when they devour matter, they emit highly energetic radiation. a cosmic particle can have as much kinetic energy as a tennis ball falling to the ground from a height of 10 meters. no living being can withstand a bombardment of such high energy particles which are also electrically charged. cosmic rays can penetrate organisms unhindered and alter the dna of cells so that they mutate or even die. if those particles hit water molecules,

they can form free radicals that damage souls and triggered diseases. the body react to these radicals with inflammation, which damages the heart. fortunately our earth has a magnetic field, it deflects most of the cosmic rays away from us. the atmosphere also ensures that only a small amount of cosmic radiation reaches the ground. the particles that shower down can be made visible with so called cloud chambers. there they leave luminous traces. the radiation increases with the distance from the ground on a long whole flight. in a matter of hours, we're exposed to 5 percent of an entire year's radiation dose on the ground. on the international space,

the dose is around $700.00 times stronger than on the ground. that weakens the astronauts mitochondria, the tiny power plants in the cells. if they go for a space, walk outside the space station, they get a year's dose of cosmic radiation. this poses a major hurdle for future flights to marcy. perhaps it's better to stay here after all. and the secrets of the universe cannot so be explored from earth. for example, how the world is structured. in physics, the so called standard model describes phenomena in the microcosm. everything that we see, the earth planets people, animals, plants, is made out of matter particles. the standard model describes the structure of particles and the basic forces that hold them together. if these basic forces didn't exist, the world would disintegrate into the tiniest elementary particles. to name the 4

basic forces, there is the electromagnetic force, the so called strong force, the weak force. and the 4th one is gravity. but it's so weak in the world of the smallest particles that it's emitted from the standard model. there was one question with the standard model, that physics couldn't answer for a long time, where to elementary particles get their mass from. this is where the hex bo son comes into play, named after the british physicist p to hex who 1st proposed its existence. the particle itself was finally discovered 10 years ago at a massive research facility near geneva, known as san it's europe's nuclear research center. our reporter, sushi, mito, ramakrishna, went to sea and land that the icon existed. fountain in lake geneva, switzerland. but guess what? i was actually,

yes. that's me. walking to stickley. ah. we are standing here a geneva, with several international organizations, including the world health organization, the world trade organizations, and the united nations office in geneva is behind me. however, we are not here to visit any of these organizations. we're going someplace special . follow me. i'm standing here at sun in front of the atlas experiment, building 100 meters beneath my feet is the large hadron collider where the higgs

bows on was discovered. 10 years ago, sun, the european organization for nuclear research studies, incredibly small particles that we are all made, or they have a giant donut shaped facility deep within the ground. that accelerates and collides subatomic particles to see what happens. on one such smash adorns, they found a really special particle called the higgs, pusan, whose discovery short scientists, how sub atomic particles get their masses. at that time i was a physics undergrad in china, india, and this discovery was the biggest event of my college life. a decade later, in july 2022, the collider has been fired up again for the 3rd time. in this run, scientists planned to collect more data than ever before about the higgs pusan. i wanted to know why this is a big deal. so i met with andre. david confuse is chubb,

but this is the man responsible for building detect us and analyzing the outcome from these galactose. these detectors will be used in the next run of the large hadron collider, which will begin half a decade later. i asked andre, why do we build such grand experiments in particle physics to begin with? particle physics is a piece of the puzzle. i in understanding nature, now nowadays we have beautiful telescopes, beautiful observatories, beautiful gravitational wave observatories that allow us to understand the largest scales of the causes. particle physics looks at the smallest scales. and these 2 there, like 2 infinities, the thought she shuddered be infinitely large. is the picture of what we're used to be the infinitely small at the beginning of the universe. what's so special about this round of experiments? the 3rd run of the image,

see the 3rd period of the thinking that just starts of the month ago is going to double the amount of bait that we have. now that's not the lot of data, but in the meanwhile, we have had the opportunity to improve all of the electronics and all of that effect there parts that selects the most interesting collisions. so we now have, let's say, a smarter brain in the experiments that allows us to filter and be better in terms of handling the formation by finding the higgs, boost on scientists bloomed everything postulated in the standard model of particle physics, but plenty of mysteries about the nature of our universe to means by fighting up the collided again. they hope that they may go some way in explaining them. his mother mikado, the spokesperson of the atlas experiment at sun. he walked me through what's been done in the past month and said that scientists under the scene you action,

we have other models compliment model and a predicts on a new phenomenon. and these are you phenomena that we're looking for. in general, we're just looking for any deviations from the sun, the modern decent, i think that we do directly that it in addition to the huge amounts of b, their being generated. there is something really special about the project model. me says important aspect years and you're all working together. everybody has different competences and you put them together and you are able to perform experiments that were absolutely unthinkable. but why do we work so hard to collect this data? having more data is like having more needles in a haystack to find says, step on you, a theoretical physicist. the experimentalist do not allow theorist to go anywhere near the data or the machine because we'd probably break it or do something silly.

on the day the higgs both on was discovered to have own. you met peter higgs, the physicist who had to post the existence of the particle almost half a century earlier. after telling me about the encounter, devon gave his view on why we explode the atomic world. it left me wick goose bumps . when we look back on our time now, but will stand out is out. this is the time in which we completed the standard model and found the higgs bows on that gives mass to all the particles. this is the time we walked on the moon. and this is the time that hopefully we also solved many other problems which humanity is facing. but what will really help us to solve all these problems, i believe is a culture of science and technology, of curiosity, of coming together to form these big projects. these things that train scientists and engineers and raise the curacy of the next generation. and only by understanding the world around us, can we really, how hope to go forwards and as

a humanity. and that was my main take away from my visit to sun. what's happening underneath these somewhat generic looking offices is a fascinating exploration of the unknown, and that could be vital for humanity. gravity makes our earth revolve around the sun. and the need is gravitational pull drives the tides on earth. the tides matches the ab and flow of the seas have created a unique coastal landscape in some areas known as mud flaps. that home to one particular species that has awakened the interest of researches in france in it's 10 p. m. at low tide. the perfect time to look for a certain little creature that could revolutionize medicine. mm.

the lug worm or the a rainy color marina. it's existed for 350000000 years and it's about as thick as a finger and up to 40 centimeters long. and the sand eating animal it could provide a substance that is desperately needed by humans. it's all to do with the worms blood. more specifically, the component that supplies the organs with oxygen, hemoglobin for the last 20 years. well, waiting for something new from things i may improve the quality of the, our gas, and we didn't get anything, you know. so it's really huge at the beginning, every book, people laughing said i going to talk about marine biology. we're and who am that we are, we are the doctor any going to to talking about warming hospital?

25 years ago. frank sal was researching animals that live in extreme environments and noticed something remarkable. i know that there is a warm on the beach, could have any color marina, and this one was very interesting for me just to try to understand our worm can bris during low tide and i tied so it was at the beginning just from the, not our research just marine biology question. and one i work on this question and i found that a worm stop to grissom between a low tide. he was just bracing when he was under water like fish, lug worms have gills and breathe under water. but surprisingly at low tide lead on suffocate, they simply hold their breath. so i focus my attention on this war. and i found this very special michael, which is not include on red blood cell, which is don't have her blood typing,

which is very similar of the future with her. it'd be a from human from shark, has discovered an extraordinary oxygen storage system. convinced that lug worm hemoglobin could be used in medicine. he left university and started his own company. hem arina. it was like a really adventure to, to arrive to death as that. so we can use this product fora for human use. is biotechnology company that started from nothing now has more than 40 employees. the sample they extract from the lug worm contains the supercharged hemoglobin molecules. cronsa says a small bottle could replace a whole bag of blood at breast university hospital in western france. jani glen murray is a doctor who specializes in transplants. he's studying the effectiveness of blood

borne hemoglobin. this product is very important because it can deliver within the tissue oxygen. and of course, one of the 1st example is organ transplantation. because we know that during the presidio of transportation, the organs, the organs you know, need oxygen and will when you transplants are just one possible application. theoretically worm, hemoglobin could be used whenever oxygen is lacking somewhere in the body. this animation shows how it might work. to learn to human hemoglobin in the blood cells, the lug one molecule can transport almost 40 times as many oxygen atoms ah, and they're also much smaller than blood cells. so they keep flowing even if the

vessels are severely constricted they could potentially be used to treat strokes or wounds that are struggling to heal or an oxygen deficiency caused by covered 19 you know, we can imagine a band shop application, just this obscene co and you can see is just coming from the basic anymore of where that we call we're having such an oxygen carrier. we do have the temptation to say ok, look one not to use it as a blood substitute while not to use either an oxygen county or for the calvin patients and so on. so am. but i mean, even if this community group is only effective in 12 o'clock it's, it's, it's in huge. so huge. i think it's a huge novelty. it's, it's very important blood from

a humble lug worm could be the world's next miracle cure. if i what, what is read, why a, if you have a science question, send it to us is a video text or voice message. if we answer is on the show, we'll send you a little surprised as a thank you. come on just on that . so for this week on tomorrow today, see you next week and until that state period with

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