from berlin, and there is a lot more news on our website, d, w dot com. ah, sometimes the best teams jump right out at you t the highlights for shipping boxes every week. not them up. not just another day. so much is happening all at once. we take time to understand this is the day in depth look at current news, events analyzed by experts and critical thinkers. not just another new show. this is the day week days on d, w. will you become a criminal mm. pre climb. aol already knows.

with about hackers and paralyzing the tire societies computers than elsewhere. you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work, how they can go, what was in for. and that's how they can also go terribly. watch it now on youtube. ah, with we've all had what the time and time would you say if we don't we g c o 2 emissions flights will become uninhabitable.

the massive wild fires sheet waves and floods we've seen recently are awake are cool. and yet in the face of climate change, always, nothing about our lifestyles has changed because our inability to grasp the full extent of the situation prevents us from taking action. our own brain refuses to see what's really going on. in the face of negative events, we tend to bury our hats in the sand denial, deforming reality research around the world is revealing the psychic mechanisms that blind and paralyze us. as to how our brain pays attention to information that confirms our world view did not information that contradicts to this question. the threat is apparently too vast to abstract. i'm too intense to shake us from

a lack of concern. there's this idea that technological progress, she will always save us from any predicament we might find ourselves envy. how can we shake ourselves from our collective inertia and change our behavior? psychologists around the world and recognize that there is a fundamental role that their discipline plays in, tackling climate change. we are going to explore the brain's mechanisms that make us bury our heads in the sand when it comes to climate change and seek the psychological resources that will allow us to face the threat. ah ah, in the south of france, economics is rhoda's. as you is

a commune in the i've ever known for its ecological engagement. here climate change issues are introduced at a very young age. to day pupils are experiencing an activity that is rare in schools. the climate fries is a workshop created by a non profit organization that explores the inner workings of time change. the session is led by brand one who has made economical transition. his personal issue here is under new here is heard of global warming, monkey radhika to everyone's heard about it. okay. it was awesome to so in a workshop this morning, which it is it they got, we're all going to take the cards and place them together in a way that lets us understand and isn't how global warming work. solar on a desert lucille, we know that c o 2 has an influence on the greenhouse effect in the center of it.

and the greenhouse effect makes temperatures go out as quick as i can. i does anyone know how the greenhouse effect works among the lifted cell? so what if, if there's too much greenhouse effect, i shall love her. he stays in yard envelope and then it lands on our buildings and on us issue. and that's why it's so hot in the summer and all that it to saw and all that has a certain number of consequences. hello, fresh and i both on biodiversity and on climatic events like what you're going to become much more extreme than what we're used to on $215.00, i will drive population so on, but you could particularly you was most vulnerable at a while to migrate it. and it will have to leave their homes because the area where they live is it becomes uninhabitable. is that where are you? yes, yes. yes. so let's read the car gutter. should i buy things? where do i put this garden? i live with the 1st one. yeah. le, exactly know, clock him when i turn on the air conditioning or heat. yeah,

i take the car. oh plane. great. okay, so as you see, these cards describe the human activity citizen is actively dana. these human activities have an impact on c o. 2 concentration older which increases the natural greenhouse if a federal not sure that it and what you need to understand in all this is good for that. it's very, very important is that this is happening everywhere on the plannings of untruth. because we do all these types of thing in a vector, and the goal was to be able to control our actions as much as possible of august and the temperature of the planet doesn't rise too much. but also it can still be inhabitable children have a firm understanding of the role our daily behavior plays in climate change. just like adults actually. and yet certainties have been found in the alarm for eighty's and still nothing about our lifestyle has really changed as if the threat weren't real. most of us know the tale of the frog that is placed cold water. and then when you heat the water very, very slowly,

the frog never jumps out and then boils to death. while human beings are on a planet that is heating very, very, very slowly. and the question now is our, our brains capable of detecting that and dealing with the problem? because unlike the frog we've got no place to jump to what is not registering in our brains. why are we letting the temperature rise without doing anything about heat, global warming triggers a few different biases actually that make it difficult for people to act. one is that it is and negative events, where most of the negative consequences are way in the future. she by defy recycle . for instance lucy, you buy a tree isn't going to appear in my yaya been approved and there's no direct punishment either. but if i don't recycle the nice cap isn't gonna fall in my head . and because it is a time lag between cause and effect,

cause it is in the chamber, we have incorrectly evaluating distant threats is part of what signed his school cognitive bias, an unconscious distortion of reality that fools our brain and uncertain or stressful situations should in terms of climate change in ones on there is a hurdle in our brain and we need to overcome helmerson. this hurdle is the feeling created by our brains. there we are basically invincible sinner own father. the bad things the future has in store for us won't actually affect where susan con, a professor of neuroscience at city university of london until his campus is an expert in comparative bias. his research pursues the experiments. professor neal weinstein carried out on students in the 1980s. experiments that revealed just how much our brain takes liberties with reality. in today's class, we're going to do

a little experiment. i'm going to ask you a few questions and all you have to do is raise your hand if you agree. who thinks they have a better job than others for marrying? someone rich that raising a gifted child for remaining fit in the next 10 years. for positive events, most people believe they have a greater chance than others to feel better. but when it comes to life's mishaps, it's exactly the opposite. who thinks they have a less than average chance of getting cancer? of being taken to court. congratulations, it seems you're all better than average and statistically, that's impossible,

but good for you. if statistically impossible for everyone to do better than everyone else. so this by definition is a bias, right? it's an illusion. it's not something that is actually possible to scientists cooling optimism, bias, and they prove, and it affects almost everyone in every walk of life. this type dawns, but it shows that whether or not you understand statistician steed or knew whether or not you are intellectually gifted into rector alba. gov. it's true for 80 to 90 percent of the population, regardless of whether they're a teacher or student or a social construction worker or employee showed us when it comes to optimism and in climate change. i think optimism comes in that we believe that we as individuals, will be less negatively impacted by global warming than other people around us.

so we underestimate our own negative consequences. not that long ago, when the corona virus fan sweat, the planet, these unrealistic optimism monkey played a role in how the data was perceived, including amongst decision makers of his group though coded show all holes. a citizen, a firm, the ac was all the colors used on a kilometer. do the civil ship, reggie minnesota, robbie bought diff or just to re door this if this, if you are in the beginning, uncertainty was very, very, very high. and when uncertainty is high, that's another kick for the optimism bias. there's some negative evidence coming in . however, you can decide to focus on the positive evidence. and it is highly likely that people were underestimating the risk of co ed. and as a result, taking action

a little bit too late, and maybe not enough, ah, with a brain so disinclined to believe in disaster. it's no surprise that the alarm climate changes have been sounding for 30 years. has had such little effect, especially as our difficulty to face up to reality is reinforced by another cultural bias. our cognitive frameworks seek what our, our cognitive framework to the law of the representation would remove all the world views that we've lived with for a very long time need for incident that the idea that humans are superior to nature and that nature needs to change to suit us and none of that latter is because it's good for us. in her class on climate e. she's in the 21st century at the university of patty do sheen dominique meda tracy's all relationship with nature. back to the beginnings of judeo christian

civilization. donasia and genesis and notably genesis one day, it's written that god asked mankind adam a d. i going to rule over nature and who subdue it, to rule over other species that shit you. and finally, it transformed the earth. they live on that into a garden of eden, all jacked out of the day. ah, the incredible scientific and technological progress of the past 2 centuries have since given mankind mental power to transform the planet. boosting our sense of absolute power that allows us to bury our heads in the sand in the face of the climate threat. she's got until now. technological progress has always gotten out of every tight spot to move if it's allowed us to treat major diseases that handles including this one equal by developing vaccine for the ottawa. the little, i think that behind all values lies the belief in the power of the human genius.

yet to day, this feeling of impunity has begun to waver. and more than any scientific graph or chart actual disasters or rekindling the threat. since 2018, there's been one extreme weather event after another. massive wildfires. extreme temperatures monster floods, not a single continent has been spared. the effects of climate change are sweeping 31 day lives. lorraine with marsh is one of the research. as in social psychology, who works with the i p. c. c, the intergovernmental panel on climate change. her lab studies, the perception of climate change throughout the world,

concern about climate change has been rising a lot in recent years. and so we actually saw that up until about 2019. there was a very high peak in concern in many countries around climate change that matched people taking to the street protests and, and gretta bamberg unit, receiving a lot of media attention. and interestingly, our surveys over the last couple of years, the actually, it has continued to be a very high concern for people, even during the pandemic. 10 years ago, fewer than one out of 2 people said they'd heard about global warming. today, 2 thirds of the world population consider it a threat. in great britain, france and germany, 3 quarters of the population say they feel concerned. climate has become a major preoccupation. but the latest surveys reveal that one out of 3 people on earth, running skeptical about the man made origins of climate change. among them

are some highly influential political figures, global warming under that it's a lot of, it's a hoax. it's a hoax. i don't believe rob, rob. moreover, these official decorations are undeniably dictated by financial and economic interests. but despite scientific evidence, a 100000000 americans and 70000000 europeans to day, sincerely down the element of human responsibility in global warming. how can we explain this reluctance to acknowledge what is so obvious? fatality sharing a research or a neuro science. it has to do with the way our brain processes information in front without realizing it. we used to ignoring messages that go against our beliefs.

psychologists call this confirmation bias if i think that vaccines are very effective and i read an article suggesting that it is that will make me more confident. but if i read an article so day saying that it's not very effective, i dismiss it as you know, not good science won't be home. this is good fuzzy from. we have 40 to 50 years of research that showed that this confirmation bias plays a role in almost every important realm of our lives. in an online study involving hundreds of people tally shower, it showed that for someone who doesn't believe in climate change, a warning message does not have the same effect on their brain. as it does on the brain of someone who does you eat, asked people, 1st of all about their views about climate change. so we ask them different questions about you support the paris agreement and so on based on those questions, we divided them into those that were

a believer is that climate change is real and is man made. and those that are a bit skeptical participants within us to give their own personally valuation of global warming. unsurprisingly, those who believe in climate change predicts a greater rising temperature than climate change skeptics. but then tally showers, announce something to participants. scientists have reevaluated the data and concluded that situation is much, much worse than they fought before, and the temperature would rise up to 11 degrees in the next 100 years. the goal of the experiment was to evaluate how the 2 groups processed this new bit of information. what we found was that those individuals that already believed to it, that climate change was happening. they really took in that information into account and they upped their temperature estimates, right. and now they believe things are worse than they did before. on the other

hand, those that were skeptical to begin with this regarding this information and didn't change their estimate much without realizing it. we all practice the selective thinking information that reinforces all convictions is treated with utmost attention. information that goes against our beliefs, go straight into the bin, but what really happens in our brain to make a st disinclined to change our minds to understand these unconscious process and tre, his campus at city university of london, went about trying to catch on. you runs in the act of confirmation bias to do so. entry is carried out and expand on past volunteers. you've n gleiss bill. you're going to see pictures of houses still all so it's up to you

to decide whether there are actual value was more or less than the price you see. for you to be for each estimation looks at you can bet an amount of money from a large sam. if you're sure of yourself, if you aren't, you can lower that the amount of the bad is a way of measuring the subjects conviction how confident they feel about their choice. it's worth more on sure that i'll bet everything m that's less, but i'm not sure a lower my bet. the next thing to the experiment takes place in a brain scan room equipped with 2 scanners. when a dominant gentleman kinsey, you'll be, you're going to reassess your evaluations, but this time you can compare them with those of your partner runs and change your own should you so wish in that. and the result. when the assessments correspond, the participants gain confidence and generally increase that back. on the other

hand, when the assessments differ, they each ignore the other's choice and maintain that and that confirmation bias in action. g. as in video, we see confirmation bias at work action. or he is in v of us, but we see what happens in the brain after a test subject learns that their partner shares their opinion. desk of the brain specifically treats the information offered by their partner non soviet not these policies, the cool tags is no traits, involvement in complex decision making. it comes under the spirit of the unknown side. on this side, we have an entirely different image as yet we see what happens in the brain when my partner contradicts me and i'm, when his opinion differs from my encounters. and what we noticed is that we see practically nothing as it needs feed, not much happens in the brain, could, doesn't treat the information to partner offers on so weak, not. and therefore opinion does not change. and not metaphorically speaking, it looked like the brain was shutting down,

and it wasn't encoding the information coming from the dis, agreeing partner. so what this shows is that people are more likely to take information evidence, whether it's true or false, that confirms to what their believe and that makes them a little bit more extreme, right. they become more and more extreme, more and more confident. and it causes polarization, these functioning that is deeply argued in our brain, explains how hard it is for all of us to change our minds. and obviously raises questions about the best way to communicate about the climate of m, if as low to mclean. i'm under the phone, see what's going on when you try to convince them when the climate change is something we need to take seriously. teach the students to hernandez before it's important to remember that if you offend them by saying you're wrong. i'm right now listen to me that it's had that point. you've already lost them for long for suzanne was as was missile cocoa. ok. she kind of you. what you need to do is find

some common ground to mines, alma, something you both agree on nebraska minds. i'm a said that their brain stays engaged with us and they can actually listen to you. mute on. so ah, the payroll ization of opinions on global warming. is at the heart of psychology, professor stephan low endow sky studies in brussels. stephan works with research center the european commission to understand how digital technologies maintain and increase down on climate change a 100 years ago. if you were living in a village in france, somewhere and you thought the earth was flat, everybody would look at you around you and say, well, what's wrong with that? got ha, ha, ha! now, to day you go on facebook and you say the earth is flat,

and guess what? from somewhere around the world there will be another whole bunch of people who believed this. none of these people would ever find anybody else in their neighbourhood who shares their belief, but online they can meet. so what is the role if the internet in climate change denial or how does he to influence people's opinions? we know from a lot of research and psychology that people hold on to a belief to the extent that they think it's shared by others. if i think everybody else thinks the earth is flat, then you're not going to talk me out of that belief. cuz i can say, hey, what you're talking about all my friends agree with me. and that is one thing that the internet house and able, ah steph, and carried out his study on the comments posted on serious official signs. websites that discuss climate change. comments that are often negative and far fetched the planet hasn't

gone than 15 years. sorry. may. most of the warmest years on record have occurred in the last decade. the climate has changed before yet we're still here. everything will be just fine in the fullness of time. yes, except miami will be on the water. we call them zombie arguments because they're like the zombies in horror movies. you know, mean keep killing them, but they keep coming back these easily. these breathing commands, nevertheless, present a fundamental problem. they have a psychological impact. a questionnaire submitted to 400 participants revealed that they discrete at the information published when people are exposed to comments like that, they get the mistake and perception that everybody is denying climate change and

that then shifts their attitude. so the fact that these comments are out there has a measurable event. by the way, it functions the internet influence his opinions. the web has thus become the object of special attention, notably off to important announcements concerning climate change. like donald trump's in 2017. in order to fulfill my sort of duty to protect america and its citizens, the united states, well with the draw from the paris ah, climate boy. his announcement generated 6000000 tweets a quarter. there is turned out to be produced by automated bonds for the most part, favorable to donald trump. in the digital world, your opinion isn't only easily influenced, it's easily manipulated. human beings are susceptible to the perception that the

prevalence of other people's opinions and for that reason it must be very concerning, that there is a huge amount of this information about climate change out there. in his report to the european commission to fight against organized manipulation, stefano endow sky recommends forcing online platforms to identify and block fake personal profiles that boys opinion in the climate debate. ah, for those who are aware of the climate emergency, the never ending debate without things ever really changing is hard to accept. but it's also a source of anxiety. in elvia, where nonprofits are highly active in ecological transition, as early nature, as well as the difficulty of upholding one's own commitments. topics that often arise in discussions. 2 years ago, the tool, my friends,

are getting married down to that man social parties. but our group of friends finally decided altogether and i fell keyless to one of those. been in the other in glasgow. my dear buck in reality, you go for 2 or 3 days. elsie complex will take a place that gov, obviously that goes completely against what i know and what i do, my job, my commitment and all what eliana, it'll take me long to decide thinking it's well known. i'm going with them of it. yeah, i set up my vermeer compost and all so i find positive good things. but i know that i do things alongside that. and when my 5 year old comes home from school and says, dad is a good for the planet if we do it like that, i go your 5 and you're saying that yet is there a kids who, for example, start crying at home because they see their mother come home with the night and i level than you, let's say some groceries, article in plastic bags, in plastic bottles, here is a distance between what i've just learned in the lifestyle. i'm involved, lindley, billman, among young children. these contradictions prevail to blend of distress and anger.

originated a 14 year old teenager, i was talking to said to me rather aggressively, reggie taught at any rate you read of a planet job. yeah, i can see the kids are completely lost. faced with is keep of a walk where they can have to do things like what they have to give up. and i have 4 kids through and i honestly ask myself how we're going to be able to educate them prisoner kidman. you're in a way that they can collectively faced the difficulties of the degradation of collective living conditions or do do conditions of accessing resources. psychologists now talk about eco anxiety. i am here to say our house is our fire. greater than bag, the young swedish ecologist, engaged in the fight against climate change embodies the disarray of this generation. adults keep saying we owe it to the young people to give them hope but i don't want your health. i don't want you to be hopeful. i wanted to panic.

i wanted to feel the fear, i feel every day, ah, a fear that sometimes bold is on pathological anxiety. therapy like obamacare have reported an increase in consultations linked to the environment. the one from a clinical perspective should be treated as if someone was in morning was eva when i'd say come on, feel better, he controls can for paul, we explained that is something that needs to be dealt with was good. he can't become paralyzing because you can't be in a constant state of emergency fitzgerald box is not point to that you're just going to be tired, waking up every morning thinking only about that isn't going to help solve the problem. the pang, whatever you do, you can't reassure tickets. you tell them they're right. ah, but in

a way is village is good because it's going to allow us to return to a balance not by saying well, and no climate change doesn't exist for which some people could do in an autism isn't biased only. but by finding our balance is old by saying, okay, i'm going to add that my behavior to mom. as a consequence of the inaction of public authorities, climate protests have taken on a global dimension. the reality check has happened. but the daily behavior of the vast majority hasn't changed. why to so many people convinced the threat continue with this same habits? we trapped by the way we interact with each other. ah. the decisions and the face of climate problem as are influenced by other people's reactions and the expectations we have in terms of the others around us.

ah, peggy, she crean professor at the university of paris montera studies the way our decisions and behavior are influenced by others. she continues the research done after a tragic story that made the front page headlines in the 1960s. to psychology researchers matinee and danae examine the case of kitty genevieve you're probably already got out of there by random killer and her favorite walk. well, is that no body held the police with uncle bill like later at the time the papers reported the dozens of people had seen or heard the attack,

but not one of them intervened or call the police ask yourself, they wanted to understand the psychological mechanisms that would explain why people in the situation would normally react to that. they chose not to relax and not to intervene. oregon avenue, lucky this is the so they decided to set up an experiment that were to reproduce only much smaller and highly control the scale the situation of the matter for you there. busy busy busy obviously there was no question of committing a crime. besides his imagine the scenario with people testing were pushing a situation where they could help someone else about is the participant was placed in an individual cubicle door in the cubicle. they were given hetero. just like these lab and told that they were in communication with another participant who was in a cubicle next door neighbor who was actually an actor in on the experiment, who after a moment was going to pretend to have

a medical emergency. good. the participant were here and they had the speaker, oh oh oh, there is out in 80 percent of cases the test subject thinking they were alone came out to the cubicle to call for help. the research is then increase the number of participants in the experiment, which profoundly changed the reactions they observed. gotten better when 3 participants witnessed the problem. they intervened less frequently than the participants and were allowed if after c bulky schools and those amongst them here did react, it reacted less quickly than the participants who were alone. also, the more people there are eating, potentially react. the more we feel allowed to do nothing because someone else can

take action instead of us. the phenomenon was dubbed diffusion of responsibility or the bystander affect peggy, she croon, has shown that it also applies to environmental issues. when it was positive, we recreated natalie and dolly's experiment in a greener space. yes. and where we asked someone to drop some letter, a water bottle, or a paper wrapper, you, while monitoring the number of people to witness the scene ellison, the experiment yielded the same results as the fake medical emergency. the more witnesses there were, the more likely the literary got afraid and the more likely the bottle was to remain where it landed go to it when you're in a situation that isn't really clear or back when you're not exactly sure, it's your responsibility to step in florida, the 1st thing we do is look at other people's reaction little every one interprets

the situation in the same way by looking at all the only 2. but when i one does anything which explains why it takes longer to act when there are more people, for instance, encumbered by the bystander affect, our brain has trouble taking the initiative of better environmental behavior. other people's in action inhibits our own desire to change. but although some of our bad hobbies persist, it's also for a more trivial reason. do you really know what things in your lifestyle truly impact the climate the research carried on by been a dead suitor. lang at the institute for environmental decisions in zurich has shown the when he comes to food. most people ignore the basic rules. for her experiment, she used a faint buffet. everything on this table is artificial but looks exactly not real

food, which participants will select to make a meal. ready times i'll take on the site. it's fancy though. now look at the buffet with the different dishes of them. when who it's, it's be, i'm going to ask you to fix yourself a meal as you normally would in your daily life. free to choose. what will these phones participant take? blue rice, carrots and meat of course, estate and a beef rick and down the things that have the highest environmental impact. but we'll need to eat as few animal products as possible would, and especially europe, consort as little army as possible lightly because of all these products will need has the highest environmental impact on weight. it's estimated that animal products

alone represent half of all greenhouse gas emissions linked to human food production. been caught there, flash going from your most of us, you don't have to read me off. you need to pay attention to what kind you choose size one. so i think that even kind other were like, you should opt for chicken you rather than be of or veal for. i'm an engine and triton but do we really think of this room when we want to eat more economically? when a dead asked half the participants to compose a meal with the environment in mind, these time potatoes a few extra vegetables. and once again, a beef steak out and it was the same story on every one's plaint in the whole glue. jamita the onset, they did not lose either the amount of animal products more. the amount of immediate antioch now kind of different and they made no distinction between

different types of how neat. in other words, are they didn't choose chicken over b, elephant marines flesh because i often think me thing, it's clear that many consumers aren't aware of the great impact of animal products . i'm particularly of means i'm focused on that flash product. um another key element in the experiment was the origin of the products listed on the labels. with no instructions, participants felt free to take rice from the us. in the eco friendly group, they presented potatoes from switzerland and for dessert, local apples rather than bananas from ecuador. the isaac ownership there. as the, the only difference we observed was that people opted not to select imported float . keegan themes made lynch in the us album long in, but the up one the size, the evaluate their environmentally friendly choices. as you leave,

i'll solely on the rule of law, legal, good products, which don't come from your own country. you represent higher energy consumption and who am in a give up alphabet is in the origin of food products obviously also plays a role in the carbon footprint of a meal. but it turns out that the impact of transporting food is much lower than that of me production. the contraband in is to reside when fathers don't actually know which factors impact the environment most by carbon. this means it's really important to give them correct information upon and also some simple rules of halo . hm. faustine, and on, often be keeped to effectively reduce our individual carbon footprint on a daily basis. we must 1st and foremost limits all purchases of manufactured products, eat less meat, opt for public transport, avoid traveling across the world of vacation, and live as much as possible in a well insulated home.

oh, global warming is a complex phenomenon. who's causes a hidden in the details of our daily habits? ah, it is therefore absolutely necessary to inform ourselves as consumers. but that won't be enough to change our habits. because our consumer reflexes are deeply rooted in our brains. ah, what are the things that we do, how we travel, how we eat the things that we buy in the supermarket? these are driven by more unconscious habits than actually a conscious reflection over the pros and cons. and maybe the environmental impacts of, of different products, not as bow a researcher and you are a science at the university of plymouth, has discovered unconscious mechanisms that gaunt on purchases and pushes to always

conceive more. oh no, no. the purchase of a product is not simply motivated by our need for us to assume, but it's also a mark of our social status, loma owning brand, new clothes. a nice car can signal our place in society. our importance in our group. also having as much as or even more than others is very important to us. ah, to evaluate the import in social comparison has in our consumer habits. now dash ran a neuro imaging experiment on subjects who were confronted with what they owned. ah, the participants simultaneously play a sort of wheel of fortune and are able to compare what each of them wins. one of the pe plays with a hand in an m r i machine. with each game, the subject must choose and launch one of 2 lotteries that appear on screen.

another in the 1st will with if you have one out of 4 chances to win 10 euros and in the other and 12 to one of 2 chances to win 5. as i clear. so that's go in the 1st stage, what nadine, she's interested in is what happens in the brain at the moment the arrow stops and points to the money. one, not surprisingly, winning money activates the reward system. this is a region in the brain that gives pleasure and drives behavior necessary to the survival of the individual and the species like eating or having sex. now the goal is to observe what happens when the subject also sees will be on the player wins. but now you're going to play at the same time as your partner and on the screen you'll see what each other wins ah, the result for the same amount one,

the activation of the reward system is systematically more intense when the winning is superior to what the other person one so it's more satisfying to win more than the other person could than to with the same thing by yourself. the fed, the fact of knowing we have more than others, is a source of pleasure, with having nice clothes and a beautiful house, a big television. so those are the things that are going to directly activate the areas of the brain associated with the reward system. man is above all a social animal, the pleasure, c. t. deep inside our brains has been passed down throughout our evolution and in the modern world. these comparative reflexes are exacerbated. these little studies and social psychology of shows that social media increases the effects of social comparisons, which because instead of merely comparing ourselves to our neighbor or co workers, we can compare ourselves to a very large network of people. and that creates envy. ah,

social comparison optimism bias, bystander a fact, the psychological mechanisms that make it difficult for us to change our behavior are many but these obstacles i'm not insurmountable. ah, for lorraine whitmore, she knows the ins and outs of the human brain. we need to seize the opportunity to tackle our hobbies at a time when they've been weakened cove. it 19 has provided a revealing example. we hear in their historic homicide area christo. and they used to be a lot of traffic in this area. but they've closed off for lots of these roads, so the only i'm flightless and pedestrians can move in this area. they made these changes primarily because of co events to enable people to walk with a safe distance between. but then now thinking about keeping a lot of these changes because of the other benefits,

like air quality and greenhouse gas emissions, but they bring one year off to the start of the covey crisis. most of the traffic restrictions in the city center was still in effect the people of bristol had adopted new habits that are more environmentally friendly elsewhere like in france, remote working in particular benefited from the circumstances. according to the rain, the smallest strategy for public policy is to target people at transitional moments in their lives. for example, you have house or maybe you have a child or you change jobs. this provides an opportunity for that habits becoming weaker, and then you can reorganize people's routines and their behaviors to potentially do something different. they're open to doing something different because their habits have been broken. for example,

the rain recommends lower rates for public transport for families who just moved or to talk to them about their energy consumption when they settling in to not habits in the right direction. research as in social psychology or developing new approaches. and these are starting to pay off ah, most of the inhabitants in this residential neighborhood are participating in an experiment organized by the zurich university of applied sciences. the said h a w. the study involving 70 households aimed at optimizing techniques to encourage entity restraint. the piano family joined the program in 2019 death as old as i told we had them always sir, and tackled as it h. w had

a sign in agreement to participate in recording our consumption habits with different types of programs. epi thems from the star, jack. i thought it was a very good idea at her for from us it would be the corner. in this experiment, participants aren't given specific instructions for saving energy, but a subtle system encourages them to reduce their consumption. scientists call his practice nothing. nothing is to animate toward it by their genius, eliza, to help or encourage the consumer to make positive choice. lynch and to left here though, in the direction you want reach dorm length in canada, in him stops. and con, i my sample air, the am thorough device from the shower and it gives you real time feedback on hot water consumption on both of our they use bass serves a loop, the ice cap, the polar bear stands on melts over time, around that. okay, i just said point there's no, i stamped it on a cruise. i didn't realize that with my neighbor told me every moment,

every time you do the shower, okay. the potable had no more ice to have in our head. so the polar bear always has eyes, and that's because we don't use as much water as she does when we take our shower, kind of to see if the tip of the ice is already mounted. and how many liters i've used that with him that the 83 are off to our emotions. mother, eames or color concerned about the polar bear i've said and want to save it and it has a motivational effect on them. i'm often with it when they put it in the kids will play it. who have used last are i only use the latest? well, i any use at 7 me, i'll say to the point where we as parents had to step in and tell them, cut it out, you do to get to reduce energy consumption even more. the scientists also brought social comparison into play. the same reflex that pushes us to over consumption is used here to favor more virtuous behaviors. alpha dog matter. here you've got hot water consumption for the past week. let's to walk

. this is what we've continuing to do, and this is what the whole area consumes on average of the court did on the home when we did a good job because we were among the most economical thanks. so the, the way it's not like that every week, but this week we did re, well, or perhaps madam got up. so up top or you can even see the smiley face, which means we've handled our consumption well, what for them? so which told squawked remedied as to why we're proud to get a newsletter like this, but says we've done a good job though, which does the noise does with in europe lessons work market booth to re gaggle or oh, it's been a death to tell em who coordinates the study if you're a university regularly informed participants of the experiments progress behind in exams via fierro installation has reduced total hot water consumption by 10 percent to one from one box. and the newsletter has reduced hot water consumption by another 5 percent. in other words, we've obtained

a 15 percent reduction in hot water consumption overall. here on the experiment is still underway. if there was also confound the program could be implemented on a larger scale. in britain, there is the behavioral insight team, the b i t r, which is also known as a nudge team and they are growing all around the world. i'm really kind of mushrooms after the rain and many of them very successfully nudging, gets results for little investment and without upsetting public opinion. but the technique only marginally modifies people's behaviors. it's a really an important set of tools that we can use to very easily change people's behavior. but actually you can't nudge people on to a bus service that doesn't exist. so you need the wider structural change. you need infrastructure change and you need the economic incentives and so on to change. you

do need a lot of other things to happen. therein lies. the complexity of the situation is hama to change individual behavior in a society that continues to promote consumption and economic growth. incompatible with reducing carbon emissions we left the connelly back into human, societal and human society into the bio fear lab and obviously, the biosphere that has its own laws of hope. and so that little piece in the front are there, must absolutely take these natural laws. one to look out the response to climate threat has to do with a profound change in public policies and the way else is great. but it also plays out on an individual scale transpire habits of thinking. we must learn to know all brains better. we must fight about reflexes and dispel the allusions they create.

so we can finally confront reality and make the personal choices we need to make a ah, with

ah, will our waste water is full of pesticides and drugs and viruses. scientists in berlin and paris are on the hunt for toxins and lots of useful information, a cocktail of toxins or

a gold mine. we explore the secret sew sewer water 15 minutes on dw, ah, sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sherry and download it now for for law has no limits. a love, as for everybody. love is live with

love matters and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn sharma. and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that north divide and denied this. i have invited many deer and well known guests, and i would like to invite you to an end people in trucks injured when trying to flee the city center. more and more refugees are being turned away at the border. families playing on the tax in syria for these correct this tre. just people seeing extreme ground accounting, 200 people hassan from the jews around the world. more than 300000000 people are seeking refuge. yes. why?

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imagine the impact you and your friends can have. together, we can end global hunger. please download the app. ah, this is dw news live from berlin, pakistan's prime minister appeals for international aid after devastating flooding . a country struggling to get help for thousands of people displaced by historic water levels that have now claimed close to a 1000 lives. also coming up.