while i'm here and while i'm at it, i want to find out the ways in which the corano virus pandemic and climate change are affecting tourism. here in the church unit, 31 d w t w's crime fighters are back with africa. most successful radio drama series continues, but all episodes are available online. course you can share and disco song, d, w, africa's facebook page, and other social media platforms, crime fighters, tune in now. with how high is the likelihood of catching cove it on a train, a research team investigates with the help of artificial folk afraid of flying. you can reduce that subconscious fair with the help of hypnosis. hypnosis is used to treat physical and psychological symptoms. but what exactly

does it do to the brain? ah, welcome to tomorrow to day d w science program. oh, concentrate on the pendulum. your eyes are getting heavy and you're in a trauma it's that's how many people imagine hypnosis. but the truth is far from that simple in clinical hypnosis, at least it's sometimes even used instead of anesthesia. as in the case of this violinist, she had a brain tumor removed on the hypnosis. but what exactly happens to the brain when hypnotized? that's what research is in switzerland a trying to find out what happens in the brain during hypnosis. does anything happen?

you're a scientists to hoping to gain answers from a project called hip. no science with the help of m r i machines. mm. okay, me. okay. can you hear me? ok. okay, open your eyes on closed them again. and you're a scientist and hypnotherapist phillips, them fly guides the test subject into trance. once he's reached the state known as somnambulist and shamefully asked him to lift his finger, lost signin lawson for the glass and the parties for them played on the test my so far because of the door. it seems like the subjects are in a very deep, very relaxed, detached estate, but this is a close to the source. don't see, it seems like the deeper they go machine to the less important that is to them, to react, to all come out of 4 bits today. he had me though i left for you know, for longer the research, just wait for a sign that the subject has reached a trance state, then they start taking data. they also analyze an even deeper trance state,

called as dale. one participant tells us how he experienced the different stages. fiesta thought ish to see a day 3 inch, bon nick. the 1st stage was a very deep relaxation. thought that i still kind of felt like i was there, so i guess you'd say the still finished and somebody figured as opposed to the 2nd stage, most moody, where it was really hard to lift my finger. also to you this ideal movement was really hard work and tim duyka in but in his 1st age it was still okay to hold on you who song as another of the projects 50 participants. she especially enjoys the as dial sage. the very deep trance state benched in some teeth and switched on when i was in a really deep state, a jellyfish came to me, for example, floating in a blob of water. what it, it's fine, it's not surprising. it's all okay. you can drift off into a fantasy, land and uplift in a fantasy varied sign. thus, is that what's the difference?

and i notice it very clearly. it's a lot of fun by the moment when it's over and i come back out, i always wish i could have stayed a little longer. the researchers have discovered some very interesting patterns from the brain scans. a major success for hypnosis research. even the team is surprised. they appear. i looked at all scholars, my grade. didn't think when sammy comes out on the exit. i don't think we'd see a change in the brain during hypnosis doesn't solvable for we are such amazing solid resulted danesh club. it's one of the most fascinating results in my 25 years as a neuro scientist. but on this, i never would have expected that all of this data that the scientists have collected could prove that there are indeed different states of trance. my mother to persona isa when the tours, when people are in a neutral state,

that does a huge amount of activity in the pocket of grain. oh, for buck on visual stimuli, no matter what thought on many process park there did. for example, if there's a car coming on, you're trying to judge, you can make it across the street and out the quote. some objects are cannula, patrols with an earth, doesn't. these phenomena are processed at the back of the brain in northern, during hypnosis as it's something that different happens upward by the 2nd. oh, what that is exactly. it, it, we're not sure yet. at 334, we need more research and more studies before we can answer these questions and more detail in the household. but the project show life is that it really is worth investing more in have noticed research watching without north of them. since in mission viejo, as part of the hip no science project, the researchers have also studied what happens neuro chemically, anna hypnotized brain. and whether or not brain waves are effected. there still are lots of data to analyze that researchers say the results of promising

people with a fear of flying don't really can that statistically, airplanes are one of the safest means of transportation. the average accident rate is just 2 in $1000000.00 flights. nevertheless, fear of flying is real. it's a question of mind over matter is easy to say. but under hypnosis, that's exactly what might help you get your fear. under control psychology student rebec of in sick has a fear of flying. the 30 year olds, anxiety is linked to a very specific experience. the not let the model me out at a loss on my flu is in 2013 actually flu, twice that year. and on the 1st flight i had a person with me who was afraid of flying. and she was already scared on the outbound flight. and she also expressed it full of she was shaking a lot,

looking around frantically on the return flight, i was suddenly afraid to run, which i thought was crazy. afterward, there was no reason to be l. bye had. so if there wasn't any turbulence, neither on the outbound flight nor on the return flight, no look flew, and in the same year, half a year later, i flew again and even a week prior to the flight to fly out, i notice how i constantly had worst case scenarios playing in my head scenes of his crashing cutter as a definitive expert to match his fires. though she hadn't flown in years and had to cancel vacations with friends as a result. she wants to change that today in a single hypnosis session with barbara schmidt. for many years, she has been conducting research on hypnosis at the university hospital and una hypnosis would be especially suited to overcome fear. she says, even of some people find it difficult to let themselves go, does longer than listen, this is not about giving up. control is about regaining control. right now you

don't have any control over your fears or other automatic responses that you want to get rid of. 5, i'm going to show you a way to regain control. yes. and that's by using resources that are within yourself with her source and in what better control could you have than that then? then it starts. barbara schmidt uses a special hypnosis technique that supposed to give rebecca control over her anxiety under hypnosis. she's supposed to imagine that she's sitting in her favorite movie theater. and in this cinema, she watches herself board the plane on the screen. and then more than one, la leticia, anything is possible in wonderland life, that he can sit there and go into the projection booth at the same time. when you wash your company, have absolute control. i said the after all to compile, you see all the button here. they can actually play, stop, or pause holder and also to rewind button. we're

a caster alice. everything is in front of you in a bit. let me know when you're there, what's anti? hey good. then what rebecca fears most happens on the movie screen, the plane with her inside begins to crash. another 3rd up thought only, that's the obsolete moment of sheer for off. at that moment you press stop in the projection booth, you know. but the image stops and we go into the auditorium again, completely relax a little waterfall. you said they completely say our guns and the showerhead, and you just watch this freeze rain bird. you go right in again leafy, hein on dana? i and then suddenly look, the pictures we wind, leak your feelings, rewind, and you're right back to where you started. little anger, hung hath the hand clang of our one will be the beginning was where you was so joyful and yet can. and now you can make your own movie the movie the way you

wanted to be there for me to an hour later. how was it for her? i was good. yeah. yeah, there was for, shall i watching my so fly. i was good. that worked really well. yeah. grateful for here. are few can be overwhelming. haven't. you can easily feel at its mercy at hand in hand cannon under a mr. hudson. it's not rational, but it's land on the left and you can get that through just your imagination. boston come on, they can also use your imagination to make it different again, money market is if you get the power back of your own imagination and what is played in your own movie theater, to how we can choose between the horror movie or the beautiful mirror rebecca wants to find out she'll be flying in a small cessna at a nearby airfield. as she's determined and boards the small plane, which is quite ground. arthur,

the kid still comfortable. rebecca realizes they're about to take off. no man. but it's not a hint of panic every day. okay. okay. good. after 20 minutes in the air, the short experiment is over. a proud to be so after just one hypnosis session,

rebecca was able to fly for the 1st time in 9 years without any problems. at is, did you think you've managed that today? no, i didn't especially know that well, so yeah. i'm fine. biggest good and baba schmidt is in the process of scientifically proving that in addition to the fear of fly sicknesses can be used to treat testings, ivy and other phobias. to put the traveling can put a strain on the body to do you get nauseous while on the road. if so, then your part of the majority who is susceptible to motions, thickness for kenneth ptosis. a growing number of people also suffer from what's called cyber thickness. 3 d, video games make the brain believe something that the body isn't experiencing. oscar o from mexico wanted to know more why to some people get travel sick? it's a question of balance. with some people

can be on the move without any issues. others can do even the most dizzying acrobatics, twirling around rapidly without losing that balance or the spatial orientation. but of only possible when 3 of our bodily systems work together imperfect, saying to keep on balance. one important source of information for all brains is our eyes. they help us to situate the body in the space around us. a brain orient itself along horizontal and vertical axis, such as the horizon and trees. the balance organ in the in the air detects all of the heads rotational movements. it can also perceive movements within the space around us. the brain then synthesizes this information into a meaningful 3 dimensional image. it also collects other signals from the

muscles, tendons, joints, and skin. if all 3 systems provide the same information, everything is okay. when we fly, the brain receives conflicting information, the eyes and the signal repose, while our sense of balance signals motion. the same happens when we travel by train . many people suffer when driving and traffic jams, because their eyes don't perceive the stop and go while the other systems report movement. boat trips can be a particular challenge. even people who have no problems on plains and trains come get sick on boats. the rocking floor and the wavering horizon. deliver sensory impressions. so different from what we're used to, that they confused money, people's brains. it switches to a lombard triggering nausea. ah,

don't skin get travel sick too. and even fish aren't immune to it. if they're transported in a swaying container, they can also get seasick. if our blood is red, why are they going with, do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the air, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank key. you can find us and other science related stories on the web and on twitter. when travelling by bus or train, it's not just the route you're sharing with other passengers. it's also the

aerosols in the air you breathe. an aerosol is a mixture of air and small particles which might be of the solid variety, such as foot or liquid droplets. larger particles sink faster, of course, one meter in just davis, 6 minutes. smaller particles with a diameter if say 0 point one micro meters take over 300 hours for the same distance. the corona virus can be transported on particles, $1000.00 times smaller than a half. but how exactly to aerosols spread? mm laser beams make them visible. the dangerous aerosols, tiny suspended particles in the air, we breathe. the virus transporters researched in a special laboratory. a trained compartment

public transport poses one of the greatest risks of infection. whether on trains or plains. here we come into close contact with strangers. often for hours at a time, and aerosols are everywhere in these enclosed spaces. the whole whole is a challenge is finding out how the aerosol spread and aircraft cabins under railcars multiplied. we assume that new beginning with a potentially infected purse output and sandy. aerosols are exiled and introduced into the space put in your home and then the ventilation system distributes them in the immediate environment and in the carbon of a type o. in the train compartments him getting in dance stand in for passengers. they're equipped with measurement sensors,

artificial saliva makes up the aerosols. the questions are just how effective are masks really and what role does ventilation play? ah, lights out for the 1st test. so how effective are masks oh, the dolls exhaled their artificial saliva. aerosols, with and without masks. ah, the results without a mask, there is unsurprisingly agree to risk, especially at the communal table, where one person's breath almost reaches the person on the other side of the table . ah, it's even more dangerous while speaking. oh. but

even if, as my daughter goes a, transported further with the under a more particles than someone would admit when just breathing normally would have that. so when people are speaking more particle, either emitted, he's all up and they're also conveyed a little bit further into the passenger compartment. it's very different with the mask. the airborne particles hardly fly forward, but upwards instead. thank you for it means the risk of transmitting the aerosol particles to a passenger opposite you is extremely low and it on the airflow i carry those particles away. more effectively especially bad is coughing without a mask monday dead. or you can see very clearly when someone coughs it at the particles travel more than half the distance to the seats are at the opposite. g to the speed of the outflow. like if i type that, then they're further dispersed by the ventilation system. that's why the person opposite gets a very large amount of particles. if someone coughed without wearing a mask,

it's the passengers sit one behind the other. the high seat backs help. however, the danger is not completely eliminated. of india, that barrier does not the direct transmission of particles. oh that the large amount of particles released from coping without a mosque is still that model can potentially infect other passengers. a ah, next test ventilation passengers play a major role here because they radiate heat. the thermal energy of the passengers can be seen with a heat detecting camera. body heat causes air and with it ourselves to rise around passengers. passengers create an updraft with consequences. in today's trains,

air is blown in from above. much better than no ventilation at all. a large part of the air sinks to the floor where it's extracted a good thing. but air also flows sideways to the passengers and is carried back upward by bodied creating so called rotation spools. the air and thus the, our saws then make extra rounds and remain in the room for a long time. no, doesn't matter that one of the points we want to explore with our reset, why to further shorten the duration exposure. and then also the dispersion distances of the aerosol has forgotten. the idea sounds simple. ventilation systems should not move air from top to bottom . but the other way around in the future when the air is blown in, it forms a reservoir on the floor and then rises. the air rises

straight upwards, body heat accelerates the movement of air and acts like an elevator. the air is extracted through the ceiling and the risk of infection is lower. ah, ah, ah, scientists also studying the dispersal of our souls inside an aircraft. how do aerosols, and would them viruses spread? here? the measurements show that the load and spread of aerosols is similar to that on a train, but there are 2 differences that i know is does in that one is not in the aircraft come in. the air velocities are a little higher, gung, but i didn't get so you have a slightly stronger downdraft in the oil area. and the aerosols are transported

a little less to the other side of the oil. is lot us enough. in addition, the aircraft carbon has fine particle filters 50, so no aerosols, tall can be distributed by the circulating air. so the thought anybody in rail carriage is these filters are not installed in fin fat soil. but our measurements have shown that aerosols are lossy not disbursed by the air conditioning system in trains either log instructional conclusion. wearing a mask is the most important protection and ventilation already helps a lot. perhaps even more so in the future. as as p t masks can filter at least 94 percent of all virus particles out of the air. we breathe. the corona virus pandemic. so them become an integral part of our daily lives due to that protective. the fact that mosques can also be a bit bothersome, especially after wearing them for hours on end indoors with no ventilation. a number of people have complained about getting headaches or fatigue. to help mask

wearers avoid these issues. a multi disciplinary research team made up of engineers and chemical scientists from the university of granada has developed an intelligent mask that alerts wears on their smartphones. when recommended c o 2 limits are exceeded lena for the dental, he think they're gone. see intelligent mask has a sensor, meaning a way to measure something in the air between your face and the mask twitter in through godaddy la guardia. and so the c o 2 sensor is equipped with the electronics that will measure the color change and the sensor. but, and transmit that information to a smart phone, and the sensual importer, to put on me the link for the mouth, you know, telephone, all molly. so a standard f, f pete, you mask can be turned into an intelligent mask that monitors gas concentration by placing a special electronic sticker inside the mask. let me get that getting blue is that occur inserted inside the mask is

a system that consists of 2 parts. on one side there's what's called readout electronics, which is printed with conductive ink on a flexible, plastic, and transparent substrate to receive. as you can see, the quick put into almost whatever he put up on the other side is the chemical part of the sensor that changes its color. depending on the c o 2 concentration con, like within the, within the idiocy though, they got to want to notify users if they've reached the recommended c o. 2 limits inside the mask. the research team has designed a special mobile app a new shoe audio cup. the user has a mobile app to read the carbon dioxide concentration, if on a moby continental, okay, with in a c, technology is the same technology used for wireless. claimant's implement the users would simply have to hold their smartphone close to the mask. he automatic. i mean they, it automatically detects this sticker is hefland, reads the seal to concentration inside the mask and indigo. the software alerts users do a traffic light display red or green. if they need to ventilate and on,

on a va, sadie, wendy laffer. although mask mandates have been lifted in many countries, many workers are still required to wear them so that researchers believe there is a demand. the team is willing to transfer the technology to any industry that may be interested in it. ah that's it from tomorrow to day d w. science program. join us next week until then stay curious. ah ah ah ah ah ah ah

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ah ah ah, this is dw news. these are top stories. pakistan's climate minister has said her country is ground 0 for extreme weather events. more than 1000 people have been killed and severe flooding. the result of weeks of relentless rain. this year's monsoon season.