to a foreign planet. in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military, christy, but also linked to men, financial choices and adventure full of hardships, dangers and death. my jillions journey around the world. starting september 7th on d. w. how high is the likelihood of catching cove it on a train? a research team investigates with the help of artificial folk afraid of flying, you can reduce that subconscious fair with the help of hypnosis. hypnosis is used to treat physical and psychological symptoms. but what exactly

does it do to the brain? ah, welcome to tomorrow to day dw science program. oh, concentrate on the pendulum. your eyes getting heavy and you're in a tron that's. that's how many people imagine hypnosis. but the truth is far from that simple in clinical hypnosis, at least it's sometimes even used instead of anesthesia. as in the case of this violinist, she had a brain tumor removed on the hypnosis. but what exactly happens to the brain when hypnotized? that's what research is in switzerland a trying to find out what happens in the brain during hypnosis. does anything happen?

you are a scientist to hoping to gain answers from a project called hip no science with the help of m r i machines. ok, me conquer. can you hear me? okay. okay, open your eyes on and close them again. and you are a scientist, a hypnotherapist, phillip stamp plea guides the test subject into trance. once he's reached the state known as somnambulist, them shamefully asked him to lift his finger la signin, loss of gloss. fuzzies for them, play a little attention so far because of the door. it seems like the subjects aren't very deep, very relaxed, detached, is late. but this is a close to 2 of them. it seems like the deeper they go machine, the less important that is to them, to react, to all come out of football. today he had about me though i left for you know, for longer the research, just wait for a sign that the subject has reached a trance state, then they start taking data. they also analyze an even deep trance state,

called as dale. one participant tells us how he experienced the different stages. fiesta thought, punish cnbc inch panic. the 1st stage was a very deep relaxation. all is that i still kind of felt like i was there today. i guess you'd say the shuttle finished and it's mitch configured as opposed to the 2nd stage, most moody, where it was really hard to lift my finger. i was with you this a little movement was really hard work and anger in, but in his 1st age it was still okay. hold on you who song as another of the projects, 50 participants. she especially enjoys that as dial stage. the very deep trance state benched in some teeth and switched. and when i was in a really deep state, a jellyfish came to me, for example, floating in a blob of water. when it, it's fine. it's not surprising. it's all ok, you can drift off into a fantasy land and uplift in a fantasy bedside thus, is that what's the difference?

and i notice it very clearly. it's a lot of fun by my event when it's over and i come back out. i always wish i could have stayed a little longer. the researchers have discovered some very interesting patterns from the brain scans, a major success for hypnosis research. even the team is surprised. therapy i left of always come with my brain. didn't think when sammy comes around directly. i don't think we'd see a change in the brain doing. hypnosis doesn't solvable for we are such amazing a solid result. it does is it's one of the most fascinating results in my 25 years as a neuro scientist. but on this, i never would have expected that all of this data that the scientists have collected could prove that there are indeed different states of trans been mother to persona, east, albany to us when people are in

a neutral state on that there's a huge amount of activity in the bucket of grain. oh for buck on visual stimuli, no matter what thought on many process back there did. for example, if it's a car coming on, you're trying to judge make it across the street and out the quantum object. so holla, but also the note, doesn't these phenomena are processed at the back of the brain in north, during hypnosis. or is it something different happens upward by the 2nd one? that is exactly it, it, we're not sure yet at suite 34. we need more research and more studies before we can answer these questions in more detail in the huddled bottom show life is that it really is worth investing more in have noticed research watching for that and also them. since in mission viejo, as part of the hip no science project, the researchers have also studied what happens neuro chemically and a hypnotized brain. and whether or not brain waves are effected. there still are lots of data to analyze that researchers say the results of promising

people with a fear of flying don't really can that statistically, airplanes are one of the safest means of transportation. the average accident rate is just 2 in $1000000.00 flights. nevertheless, fear of flying is real. it's a question of mind over matter is easy to say. but under hypnosis, that's exactly what might help you get your fear. under control psychology student rebecca of in sick has a fear of flying. the 30 year olds, anxiety is linked to a very specific experience then let the mazda miata, alas i my flu is in 2013 actually flu, twice that year. and on the 1st flight, i had a person with me who was afraid of flying. and she was already scared on the outbound flight, and she also expressed it from she was shaking a lot, looking around frantically on the return flight. i was suddenly afraid to run,

which i thought was crazy. afterward, there was no reason to be had. so there wasn't any turbulence, neither on the outbound flight nor on the return fly off the look flew and in the same year, half a year later, i flew again home. and even a week prior to the flight, for i noticed how i constantly had worst case scenarios playing in my head scenes of his crashing cutter as well to finish his abstract match with fires. though she hadn't flown in years and had to cancel vacations with friends as a result. she wants to change that to day in a single hypnosis session with barbara schmidt. for many years, she's been conducting research on hypnosis at the university hospital and una hypnosis would be especially suited to overcome fear. she says, even of some people find it difficult to let themselves go, does longer than listen, this is not about giving up. control is about regaining control. right now you

don't have any control over your fears or other automatic responses that you want to get rid of. 5, i'm going to show you a way to regain control. yes. and that's by using resources that within yourself pharmaca source of the in what better control could you have than that then? then it starts. barbara schmidt uses a special hypnosis technique that supposed to give rebecca control over her anxiety under hypnosis she supposed to imagine that she's sitting in her favorite movie theater. and in this cinema, she watches herself board the plane on the screen. and then more than one, la leticia, anything is possible in wonderland life, that he can sit there and go into the projection booth at the same time. when you wash your company, have absolute control. so the opposite all to compile, you see all the button here. they can actually play stop, or pause holder and also the rewind button. we're at hasta alice. everything is in

front of you and have it. let me know when you're there. what's anti? hey, good. then what rebecca fears most happens on the movie screen, the plane with her inside begins to crash and as a 3rd up thought on. and that's the obsolete moment of sheer for off. at that moment you press stop in the projection booth, you know, but the image stops and we go into the auditorium again, completely relaxed a little while. so of all you said they completely say fire guns and the shower head. and you just watch this freeze, rain bird. you go right in again leafy shine on, dana, i and then suddenly look the pictures we wind, leak your feelings, rewind, and you're right back to where you started. little anger hung up the and flung of our one will be the beginning was where you was so joyful and yet can and now you can make your own movie,

the movie the way you wanted to be there for me to an hour later. how was it for her? i was for yeah, yeah, it was for shall i watching my so fly. i was good. that worked really well. yeah. good. yeah. oh oh, few can be overwhelming. you can easily feel at its mercy, wendy hancock numberless. miss dotson, that's not rational, but it's then on the left and you can get that. you just your imagination. boston come with a can also use your imagination to make it different again on the market is if you get the power back of your own imagination and what is played in your own movie theater, to how we can choose between the horror movie and what are the beautiful mean us rebecca wants to find out. she'll be flying in a small cessna at a nearby air field. as she's determined and boards the small plane, which is quite ground. arthur,

the crystal comfortable group decor, realize is they're about to take off. no man. but not a hint of panic every day. okay. okay. good. after 20 minutes in the air, the short experiment is over. a proud to do so. after just one hypnosis session, rebecca was able to fly for the 1st time in 9 years without any problems at at is

did you think you'd manage that today? no, i didn't especially know that well, so yeah, i'm fine bigots. go down and baba schmidt is in the process of scientifically proving that in addition to the fear of flying sicknesses can be used to treat testings ivy and other phobias too. oh, traveling can put a strain on the body to do you get nauseous while on the road? if so, then you're part of the majority who is susceptible to motions. thickness for kenneth house is a growing number of people also suffer from what's called cyber thickness. 3 d, video games make the brain believe something that the body isn't experiencing. oscar o from mexico wanted to know more why to some people get travel sick? it's a question of balance in. ready people

can be on the move without any issues. others can do even the most dizzying acrobatics, twirling around rapidly without losing that balance or that spatial orientation. but that's only possible when 3 about bodily systems work together, imperfect, saying to keep our balance. one important source of information for our brains is our eyes. they help us to situate the body in the space around us, a brain or ants itself, along horizontal and vertical axis, such as the horizon and trees. the balance organ in the, in air, to tax all of the head rotational movements. it can also perceive movements within the space around us. the brain then synthesizes this information into a meaningful 3 dimensional image. it also collects other signals from the

muscles, tendons, joints, and skin. if all 3 systems provide the same information, everything is okay. when we fly, the brain receives conflicting information, the eyes and bodies signal repose, while our sense of balance signals motion. the same happens when we travel by train . many people suffer when driving and traffic jams, because their eyes don't perceive the stop and go while the other systems report movement. boat trips can be a particular challenge. even people who have no problems on plains and trains come get sick on boats. the rocking floor and the wavering horizon. deliver sensory impressions, so different from what we're used to that they confuse money, people's brains. it switches to a la mode triggering nausea. ah,

don't skin get trouble sick too and even fish aren't immune to it. if they're transported in a swaying container, they can also get seasick. ah, if our blood is red, why i do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the air, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. you can find us and other science related stories on the web and on twitter. when travelling by bus or train, it's not just the route you're sharing with other passengers. it's also the

aerosols in the air you breathe. an aerosol is a mixture of air and small particles which might be of the solid variety, such as foot or liquid droplets. larger particles sink foster, of course, one meter in just over 6 minutes. smaller particles for the diameter of say, 0 point one micro meters take over 300. alas for the same distance. the corona virus can be transported on particles, $1000.00 times smaller than a half. but how exactly de aerosols spread laser beams make them visible? that dangerous aerosols, tiny suspended particles in the air, we breathe. the virus transporters researched in a special laboratory. a trained compartment

public transport poses one of the greatest risks of infection. whether on trains or plains. here we come into close contact with strangers. often for hours at a time, and aerosols are everywhere in these enclosed spaces. they all follow it. the challenge is finding out how the air so spread and aircraft cabins under railcars multiplied. we assume that new beginning with a potentially infected per sample in sandy. aerosols are exhaled and introduced into the space put in your home and then the ventilation system distributes them in the immediate environment called in the cabin. if a type o in the train compartments him getting in, don't stand in for passengers. they're equipped with measurement sensors,

artificial saliva mix up the aerosols. the questions are just how effective are masks really and what role does ventilation play? ah, lights out for the 1st test. so how effective are masks oh the dolls exhaled their artificial saliva. aerosols, with and without masks. ah, the results without a mask, there is unsurprisingly agree to risk, especially at the communal table, where one person's breath almost reaches the person on the other side of the table . ah, it's even more dangerous while speaking. oh. but

even if was my time to close it transported further with the under a more particles than someone would admit when just breathing normally huda. so when people are speaking more particulars are emitted, he's all of it. and that also conveyed a little further into the passenger compartment. it's very different with the mask. the airborne particles hardly fly forward, but upward instead. thank you for it means the risk of transmitting the aerosol particles to a passenger opposite you is extremely low. on the avalon i carry those particles away more effectively. especially bat is coughing without a mask. monday dead or did you can see very clearly when someone coughs it at the particles travel more than half the distance to the seats are at the opposite. g to the speed of the outflow, like if i type it, then they're further dispersed by the ventilation system. that's why do the person opposite? gets a very large amount of particles. if someone coughed without wearing a mask,

it's the passenger sit one behind the other. the high seat backs help, however, the danger is not completely eliminated. of india, that barrier does stop the direct transmission of particles uh that the large amount of particles released through coughing without a mosque is still that i can potentially in fact other passengers. ah, next test ventilation passengers play a major role here because they radiate heat. the thermal energy of the passengers can be seen with a heat detecting camera. body heat causes air and with it ourselves to rise around passengers. passengers creating updraft with consequences. her in today's

trains, air is blown in from above much better than no ventilation at all. a large part of the air sinks to the floor where it's extracted, a good thing. but air also flows sideways to the passengers and is carried back upward by bodied creating so called rotation spools, the air and thus the aerosols, then make extra rounds and remain in the room for a long time. no. doesn't matter that one of the points we want to explore with our research, why to further shorten the duration exposure and then also the dispersion distances of the aerosol has forgotten. the idea sounds simple. ventilation systems should not move air from top to bottom . but the other way around in the future when the air is blown in, it forms a reservoir on the floor and then rises. the air rises

straight upwards, body heat accelerates the movement of air and acts like an elevator. the air is extracted through the ceiling and the risk of infection is lowered. ah, ah, ah, scientists are also studying the dispersal of our souls inside an aircraft. how do aerosols, and with them viruses spread here? the measurements show that the load and spread of aerosols is similar to that on a train, but there are 2 differences that i know is does in that one is not in the aircraft come in. the air velocities are a little higher, gung behind it, but yeah, so you have a slightly stronger downdraft in the i'll area it was in the aerosols are

transported a little less to the other side of the oil, the sawdust, enough. in addition, the aircraft come in house, fine particle filters 50, so no aerosol, the tall can be distributed by the circulating air. so da thought anybody in rail carriage has these filters are not installed in machine fat soil. but our measurements have shown that aerosols are lossy not disbursed by the air conditioning system in trains either naugatuck from that conclusion. wearing a mask is the most important protection and ventilation already helps a lot, perhaps even more so in the future. f, f, p 2 masks can filter at least 94 percent of all virus particles out of the air. we breathe. the corona virus pandemic, so them become an integral part of our daily lives due to that protective effect. that mosques can also be a bit bothersome. especially after wearing them for hours on end indoors with no ventilation. a number of people have complained about getting headaches or fatigue

. to help mask wearers avoid these issues. a multi disciplinary research team made up of engineers and chemical scientists from the university of granada has developed an intelligent mask that alerts wearers on their smartphones. when recommended c o 2 limits are exceeded. lemme that he had to leave him there on see, intelligent masked, has a sensor, meaning a way to measure something in the air between your face and the mask. twitter introduce gotta la guardia in the so the c o 2 sensor is equipped with the electronics that will measure the color change and the sensor but, and transmit that information to a smart phone. and this ensure employer to put on me the link for the mouth, you know, telephone all molly. so a standard f, f pete, you mask can be turned into an intelligent mask that monitors gas concentration by placing a special electronic sticker inside the mask. let me get that getting blue is that occur inserted inside the mask is

a system that consists of 2 parts. on one side there's what's called read out electronics, which is printed with conductive ink on a flexible, plastic, and transparent substrate to receive. as you can see, peak with the apartment, they almost have whatever he put up on the other side is the chemical part of the sensor that changes its color. me depending on the c o 2 concentration con lagwen timothy on there you see though they got one to notify users if they've reached the recommended c o 2 limits inside the mask. the research team has designed especially mobile app. a new swati or cuppa, the user has a mobile app to read the carbon dioxide concentration. if one i'm already continental here with in a c technology is the same technology used for wireless. claimant's implement users would simply have to hold their smartphone close to the mask. jamante, i mean, it automatically detects the sticker is hosted and reads the seo to concentration inside the mask and enter the software alerts users to a traffic light, display red or green. if they need to ventilate and the on on,

if the saudi rented out buffer. although mask mandates have been lifted in many countries, many workers are still required to wear them so that researchers believe there is a demand. the team is willing to transfer the technology to any industry that may be interested in it. ah, that's it from tomorrow to day d. w science program. doing this next week until then stay cheeriest. ah ah ah

ah ah ah ah. what's happening in sheila, i mean it could soon become a more modern and progressive country newly elected left as president gabrielle borage is planning major social reform. but pinochet's legacy cast

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how they can go in for us, how they can also go terribly. watch it now on youtube. ah ah, this is dw news live from berlin. ukraine, a launch was a long anticipated offensive to retake the southern region of hassan. keeps as its forces have already broken the 1st line of russian defense amongst our says it is morning advances and inflict a heavy casualties.