story and before we go, a quick reminder of our top story at this hour you, when nuclear experts are on their way to the russian occupied operation nuclear power station. the team will assess the condition of the site and the potential danger nearby fighting could pose for europe's largest nuclear plants and to his update at this hour. stay tuned to poor doc film coming up next. and of course, there's always more news and analysis on our website at at t w dot com. i'm clear richardson in berlin, thank you so much for watching with munich. 15 years ago, the international gathering of peace and cooperation becomes the scene of a horrible tragedy. arab terrors, armed with sub machine guns, went to the headquarters of the israeli team and immediately killed one man. they're all gone out. i witnesses experienced the terrible events,

the long shadow of the 1970 to olympic massacre. stuart september 3rd on d. w. ah ah ah mm i so the blue to white flash and then i had the sensation of floating up in the air. and up until the end of my consciousness. when i woke up, i found myself in the total darkness and silence stood out. happened in the morning

. it was dark, dark twilight. i saw some moving objects approaching me from the center part of the city. then they realize they were a procession of human beings, but they look like the procession of ghost. the hell would raise straight up and they were bleeding in black and swollen. and this skin and the flesh were hanging from their bond or one who actually experienced that drivable horror. i can never let any human being till experienced that ever again. and you decision makers of the world,

please beat him . you know? sure. she really, really is people all over the world were very worried or hurting people in the soviet union. and the u. s. is a joe. so your new can arms race was getting out of hand of boston or cell with potentially catastrophic consequences. so you're asian, but it's not because of the risk of a fatal political decision. but because of the possibility of a technical mishap is a boil. we're

95 father, the pilot drops his ordinance. 50 mega ton, we're a huge deal, but those guys with all the exclusives used in world war 2 multiplied by didn't we have some 30000 nuclear weapons. $10000.00 of those are targeted against the soviet union. so if anyone has 20000 nuclear weapons, 6000 of those are targeted against us in united states. history is approach and totally erroneous to think that tomorrow is

determined by today. because to water was determined. and therefore, the world was going into a blind bill to world power at the time with alliances on the one side, most cow and devotion packed organization on the other side, united states, and nato. and after the 2nd world war 2, many was divided. and the some part became the t o. and last summer in state. and in the g d r, about 370000 soviet troops. the stations were it's generally accepted by military analysts. but once a nuclear war starts,

it will inevitably become a major exchange with the turkish, the billing to get somebody to not do something. first, a cost will see the benefits and usually that's associated with a threat. you can deter by a massive retaliation. you can also deter by strong defense, which is called to turn through denial. if you're not going to be able to carry out your actions against me, then you're not going to try it. but the 1st place that's also dependent on france since the times as a general goal meter, all and others have always believed total utility parents and not in the limited use that nuclear weapons in the, in 6, this is lead to tension between the goal in the united states, it's going to cost us, wanted to impose of flexible, determine the strategy. if west germany were attacked,

western powers would attack germany, france gets attacked, poland would be attacked in retaliation, but also for the onion on france. rejected that a 6 limited nuclear strikes at monstrous consequences. it's like a ladder, isn't that you climb wrong by wrong? get out the back of the whole week. i think it's important for people to distinguish between strength and the use of force. they are the same thing. i think the stronger you are less likely will have to use the strength. one of the great items of strength was when we had a long negotiation with the soviets, to get rid of intermediate nuclear forces and actually to cut changing forces in half and with our nato allies. we had agreed that if the absent oceans didn't succeed,

we would deploy missiles or on the counter when somebody had said already deployed . so that happened to make an appointment of ballistic missiles, called pershing's, and germany was a very traumatic event. and shoving us walked out of the arms control negotiations fans or a tour. and it was a very tense time. but our deployments went ahead and that was a basic show of strength. after deploying america, new k miss was the peak of the new code for no negotiate. it says no meetings that all pets in the 2 of us, united states. and so that, you know, there was a period when i was involved in some research and computer modeling of

the consequences of the so called dynamic balance of the extra strategic exchange. let me on november the 1, 983. moscow and washington were linked by satellite and television, or a most unusual scientific companies for us to ensure that there was a special institute working mathematical institute. you keep them, we see the same as academician was leading this girl. but they have come to this conclusion of the nuclear winter, which practically proved there will be no winders, in case of the nuclear war.

beneath the globe's, domesticated and wild sources are destroyed. most of the human survivors would starve to death. the extinction of the human species would be a real possibility. everybody's talking about re carrick, but for me, the most important was she leave a meeting in 85 when gorbachev and reagan signed an declaration that there will be no winners in the nuclear war. and therefore, nuclear wars cannot be for this recognition on both sides, i think it is a tremendous achievement. main interest was how to continue the policy of dialogue, disease and when awake it was re elected in the when the 84 q b. slater chancellor call met 2 and they signed

a common company key. and for the 1st time ever, it was not usual to do that. but 1st, it was absolutely important if you eat it. reagan promised to start the dialogue with the soviet union again. if possible. and he agreed to start control and obviously the actions negotiations in union as well if possible. unfortunately, the months later, the college of came into office and 2nd demos, i finally met with president reagan in geneva, in november 985. that was the 1st meeting yet then the leaders of the soviet union and the us hadn't met 6 years that awarded the whole world. an attempt situation was

a very real threat of nuclear. if anything could have happened at that time, the 2 countries holding the most nuclear weapons, wouldn't people talk to each other over the job or the breeze? we had to get out ridiculous dead n situation when build a healthy relationship. yes, someone had to take the 1st step. they tried to scare us and overwhelmed with the arms race. so a lot of things were miss job. it wasn't working. we offered a different approach to acknowledge the situation that it was dangerous and to announce to our people that we had to process and work on piece cooperation and creating a new well on that love that process as it started in geneva. and the 1st thing that happened was, i'm sure i've came in and they were taken, i pre arrangement to a special room fireplace. and the 2 of them says just one on one. and they

went much longer than people. so i remember every white house as a guy whose job is to go instead of noxious way to make it clear. time was up. they came out of me and he said, sure, i better go and break this up their way overtime. listen, stay out of there, the more they ship together, the better offers was you the, it's a low level of though the law, national of the most important thing achieved in geneva is increasingly forgotten about your zip piece of ship. what we need to be aware of it, so i'll repeat it, michelle, and you're going to show you when you look in the media in geneva, we agreed to looked at nuclear law must never happen. i wouldn't know when she has a piece of she. yeah. do lay why, what we want a nuclear arms race, yet if there would only be loses and the whole world was under threat was visual rows of that issue. the geneva declaration was for the whole world is yet

we were to be privy issues. a hugely important result melissa p sheila that she did after that i relationship with the americans changed get that salary level with the down jail as you can a wall locking in the background. it was we started looking for new opportunities to cooperate ledgers, boys, kings cut region. that always reykjavik and other meetings followed. but all really, yeah. but ultimately finally we decided to disarm and destroy nuclear weapons. release the yellow through g she brought and that sounds great. nuclear disarmament program began. full ringing will of is me luck of luck. would you love to get there so those don't

ah, w h as each the meeting and rank it was kind of like a meeting between 2 utopians. the u. s. industrial military complex was horrified by reagan rule. deep on that, we thought there was this side to reagan. gorbachev was almost obsessed with the idea that his country was on the brink of collapse. he couldn't go on like that. he would have led to disaster. and he fully also all of the way we should know that a general i, when i leo coleman management friendship between the 2 villages verginus merely rising broadcast with ah, yes, little tiny little trivia of from the situation. and the last i saw had become critical watching lazoodo something had to be damaged, the bridge,

the technology gap between the soviet union and developed country legit, worthily. we had to raise our standard of living ridge, the leash b. o for his juicy when we were a huge country to proceed on with many resources what he should loyal grocer, patricia was alicia, we found a well educated population. truly the g of role is to our law. so the only reason for me in the same time, we were facing serious problems in trade or she was real problem with larry q e. she said, yeah, with the fact it found surprise, i and the general attitude in society, new toxicity, yeasty. don't you have to wait in line for hours or days or yearly to buy shoes? for example, some italian stocky guy that he asked me, mabis to sign that things went walking over to grammy total, her garage medulla,

blue book, something had to be done audible to improve living standards, but it will hold, spoke roach. bless us, the energy dully go chill shim self. it started to reform polar suit called closin those 2 pairs tighter and more important. he had the longest during a wash or packed summit, that he would not any more interfere in the domestic policy of his allies. and he kept, wert, she'll look political prisoners out over the precious 1st contested the election took place at the time when the party iraq was just swept aside from the political landscape. and new people came to politics. ah,

on the so give or them little bit about the people john avo g. a huge my old old old old bunch. beautiful. my only just goes on like he like he has lives on the bill also while little so of he will use of as lady ah, those with ah, yes, but a

ah, he has been poland in just the regular entangling thousands and powers and therefore we had to beg, charles, run most gen service you are not. so to explain to him, what should we do with so many her through cheese on the 2nd spectral was so cheerful staff of good chance or minister sar does. does it show you our government, the crash laws grill they except the people trim leave to withdraw many or not. and the soviet union to draw and chose the way to has to agree. unfortunately they

did. oh oh. yeah. oh no. ah.

with a dead die working inside crumbling walls. you heard the sounds of men full of history which was going at that

bung. cyril was a world and changing a world bakersfield of the personality of garbage for meat. gorbachev was a man no veil. let me say she is not religious, but internally is driven by christian morality. and whenever a jewel sink about the decisions are very hard decisions like he had to pick. i thing that this course miss compass was always prompting him the decisions. i also think gorbachev was one of the great heroes of the 20th century, in the sense that he wanted to reduce the tensions and tempo of the cold war. and when things did become difficult and began to fall apart, he could have unleashed war. and he did, and i think he deserves great credit for that.

main concern, deny it was all the time to go. so there was is program is called deal. so with union was not so easy for him. he was not absolutely free. and what to do was philip bullet bill, there were 2 things for quality of the party was filled or were the army therefore, it was not for sure that he will a brush with

ah why you're here with bill about a to has taken place. this anti institutional action is based on a tremendous lie with the crew had failed when the soviet president had an effect returned to

a different country. much had changed during those 3 days in august. you know, i defended the soviet union to the last bullet. that's what i did. but i failed. now how did you you tell me to band the party as a criminal organization? i can't agree. if you do decide allow me to sign this degree. nobody knew suspending the communist party of russia. but he's a guy, a guy, but he's the guy. so yell to thank you. food. well, at least i have the russian federation with interest, declare independence from the soviet union for desert by f, who was a communist leader of the unit, which was cas expand once. she also that said,

well, i'm going to be the president of russia. 3, i be the president transit started. this gang luca shrink of leaves. i'll grade, we'll do girlishly bol. avenger. cords were signed in 1991 by the leaders of belarus, russia the formerly dissolved the soviet union and established the c i s 6 months. and because of the formation of a community of independent states, i have decided to resign my duties as president of the soviet union. my principal's guide, my decision open, the trend to disintegration of the country alone has prevailed and i cannot agree to it. nor can i accepted him yet. i leave my office with concern. but i also have hope i have faith in you the people of russia, in your spirit,

and in your wisdom. and i must say that for this process is far from being finished. she started, she had to live from bower, may be remembered chosen goldbright. galbraith once said that it politics. sometimes you have to take the right side and lose. so gorbachev took the right side, she lost power, but she had one historical battle and your one, as a personnel act, ah,

after the walk him, no people felt the problem, nuclear cloven has ended. so they went back to sleep. so i could say, don't come out again, wake up the problem still going loom into was oh, to purchase a mirror with brushes. oh, don't choke children, please void. this process and act at the hallmark reversible cook. anything was possible through law or ritual for a tragedy, just bridges. and one of the things that happened was the collapse of the soviet union as though it's nowhere for using e. v. fred, you new alliances were formed. lawyers, new forties entered wild politics were here, sir, rich?

oh, sure, yes. go in the west, they were secretly celebrating the collapse of the soviet union. bo those even if they didn't admit it, up idea what happy the u. s. i saw was breaking up to get this balloon any bookstore to put your own videos. you people picked up on that. yeah. a lot other issues. let us progress and it caused issues. we're still dealing with to day. better job booth. jenny. a low pressure yield of dish $13.00, we have to revive co operation between the former soviet countries. but who is your local? which live together within one state? it's a decade. so maybe salary that 330 to was a new mission bundle with both nor

do you want to the sense of triumph among western politicians for one. but he knew especially in america poor g. but he was premature, but he's, you shall see. you'll have shuttle immediately. you know, he's a british ships, the newsletter of america, you asked saw the demise of the ussr. so we as the disappearance of an enemy, we should immediately boys or something. you weaken, shortage, go things or better still? yes. like disappear. lucy, really his dollar. what you wish? dollar laura? laura, that's how i disappeared was abruptly shake. moved up the old resist celebration by now that you have to understand won't that lead to

a best lot. we have an arms race again today. but she'll still continues, will reduce gold. a lady looked the who's the good tune perspective. yeah, a little tree. but the cover just has called the company o p in house. everybody has the same security. everybody including russia. we started to miss yearly conference of the funds and contacts for more than 20 years. nothing really happened. we decided to establish

a santa to prevent conflict and you never heard anything. and then it was present to he came forward in the speech of berlin thing. let's try to agree on the treaty for an all european piece insecurity or it didn't get any onset by the best, therefore, be missed out of oppertunity and put in total events. personally 40 came as the president of the repeating commission of moscow proposing and all european economic free trade area, families, bon, to talk put in said to me, that's a great idea in favor of it. but nothing happens. question was disappointed. many times. but

i mean, and he put in 991. there was a g 7 maintain a quarter call me to all and a lot of copper trough needed economic support. does he decide they decided to expand the g 7 and seals and they invited gorbachev of it? or it was the beginning of the g 8 london called the law and me to offset we had to help gorbachev because it was in transit to stop the ussr becoming completely stabilized. they had to help with the transition, the americans, english and canadian said that the big idea came from churchill. it's a be graph in the beginning of his volume on the 2nd world war. and he says, in victory magnanimity. so the concept was, if you, when you then still have a world history should go on and

a magnanimous engagement can produce. and it's entirely different world than what happened after one with for sy, an owner was peace, which then left a sort of receiving germany which then was ready for something like a hitler. and a lot of a whole we get were, were to. so the window of opportunity was the product of a study group. so you've lensky and i had gotten together in the fall of 90 and we would work day and night on this project. so call grand bargain. and the proposition was, if the west will be magnanimous, including providing $30000000000.00, the soviet union will undertake a very ambitious economic and political reform, pro and security 1st, economically, or market economy politically on to participatory government and we call democracy . and then in security terms, the securing of all the nuclear weapons and materials and the withdrawal of soviet

forces from all of the occupied territories. i was a pretty, pretty grand package. and i never quite figured this out. but partly the bush administration was so preoccupied. i walk, well the push never was never seized, production don't, don't that the west was arrogant at the end of the cold war with all going, we want that was damage when they thought their ideas. christy, in the market economy would catch on every way. she can do that, westerners were celebrating themselves, and the russians felt that was very strongly a said to trip up to mobile. salty body was the position of chancellor, have a call from the very beginning because have security in europe without russia against russia. and therefore, we tied hard to bring russia as close as possible to get up

they toe and russia signed an agreement, and this agreement, russia declares nato is not an enemy to russia. and later on, we established the nato russia council. in some respect, this was the 1st step to putting russia into natal, not into the military organization, but in the political organization. i think this was the right direction, not easy, but nevertheless, was the right direction and a lot of confidence building. masha. now we have to, i've had the opportunity to escape this century cycle of aggression and instability in europe in the bill. something that has literally never existed before on undivided peaceful democratic europe in the administration which isolated him

and which i was proud to serve. and we are so i think began making big mistakes, which when we're continued in a bush administration. so the expansion of nato towards russia. recap, saying was not threatening to us. the threat is to the person who preseason threat not to the person who tells you i'm not threatening you, but any case expansion of nato, for the russian national security establishment was a big, big, big i know the remainder behind him was in the video. this was invited to a natal family to migrate, and she was promised establishing missile defense system. russia will be in boston that the american never did. that's a problem of the history of support and of promises on the one side and discipline

. and you can't deal with russia such a way, ah, no matter what we sent to our american hotness to cab the production of weaponry, they refused to cooperate with others. they rejected our office and continue to do their own thing. dishes, people do some things. i cannot tell you right now publicly, but can you could it? i think that would be rude of me. and whether or not you believe me, we offered solutions to stop in his arms race management. they rejected everything we had to offer. so here we are today at, in that said with ah,

most important to do is to work for the intellectuals, the people of culture and prevent from the creation of the perception or the enemy on both sides. i think change will happen. it's a matter of realism and it can change very quickly. me, we, we would like to see russia, which is an integrated into your poetry. mm. mm. i know it sounds like ancient history to you, but i'm still alive and i'm able to tell you what i so that program is continuing. this beautiful planet must contain you. we cannot destroy them. we cannot commit that for

a tough move. the width is you don't see, then you must have changed you, but cost him. what's the quickest and what is the point of making plans to attack and lie, lenny or other countries, but your li dumont's love to believe someone will be in touch with him. as of sure, i will only people with no morals, you do that, but yes, was to shop a more. i mean general's probably there, there. right. history of do they write books? but soldiers do not. they pay with their lives for right or wrong decision. so the judge today, you know, people that were soldiers at that time should be around like that's already too little to few left. let me tell you an incident happened to me and which i heard about quite

a lot more after it happened when i was secretary of treasury, one of my jobs was trying to develop and manage the economic relationship between us and the soviet union and my opposite number was a crusty old communist named patrol. gotcha. gotcha. no each other reasonably well . so he suggested after one of our sessions that must kind of go from, we had to undergrad now st. petersburg. so to my surprise, he took a ride on my plane. we're writing there and he says, what would you like to see? i'd like to see the same thing. everybody else once they want to see their died when they should know. first we go to the cemetery. so we go to the cemetery. it's a big piece of peg ridge and there's a big platform to work out on and you see before you rows and rows of mass graves inge graves. so we go, we walk down the center aisle battery if at the end and this for an aerial music

playing and patrol officer telling me about the battle of land grad tears streaming down his face interpreter, we had and i look around, she's totally broken down weeping and until you have a saying to me, every family unit was touched. another grad and it was, it was very moving and sad. showing came back to the platform. i said to him, i have a sense of community with these people here. because i also for world war 2, also had conrad shot down beside me. and furthermore, and through these are the people who stopped hitler. i worked the friend of this platform in h, myself, bearing i could isn't. marine gave a long salute. and but i came back, patasha said,

thank you george. that shows respect. ah, i, i ah, russia and its artist, russia and its dissident artist, russia. ah, it's blacklist for diffidence,

pardon me, to focus on your in 30 minutes on d. w. and we're interested in the global economy, our portfolio d w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the fight for market dominance. east versus west, getting still ahead with the w business beyond departure into the room. today. this means flying to a foreign planet in the 16th century, it meant being a captain as setting sale to discover

a route the world famous c. voyage of ferdinand of magellan. i'd rather erase linked to military interests, erase linked to political and military christy. but it was so linked to many financial interests and adventure full of hardships, dangers and death 3 years and that wouldn't change the world forever. but jillions journey around the world starts september 7th on d, w. ah, if a d w, then these are our top stories united nations nuclear experts have arrived in the ukranian city of zapora. reesha had a bare inspection of the russian occupied power plant. the 14 strong team will assess the condition of.