women in architecture. why are they so invisible to the larger public? we decided to ask them, missus, and what is the poetry? the secret of a house i'm housed about, their struggles and dreams. different responsibility is hugely her so much de leon . shattering the glass ceiling. women in architecture for this have to be really, really good. start september 30th on d, w. b . the die is ca, finland has applied to join nato. 20 year old, really no. me and his fellow pacifists believe this is a mistake and a dangerous one at that. no me is a conscientious objector and can't understand why the country has dropped its

longstanding neutrality. i'm all a 1000, but they're both inland, cannot join nato. now we should be a peaceful power or an ambassador of non bi manase, while at the more the lad delana ill po, popular, has a completely different point of view. the president of the finish reservists association is a staunch supporter of nato exception. he believes russia cannot be trusted and that it's high time finland abandoned its military neutrality. securing peace through militarism all through non violence, villanova his way. a question that dividing the country ah, yes. ale, pope, aquila from the reservists association is on his way to a place that brings the importance of finland's accession bid into sharp focus.

ma'am, avoid that? no. bizarre to aguilar, then we can't just stop here and stretch our legs in the forest. and he got dial up, this is the boy design, but who at the latent even get out of the car without a special permit talk available salem, he sent me sound low back of a le mellum, and had been a star about to reach your its easternmost point i said, if that went further east than st. petersburg a down a damper not going be at this viewing platforms box, the e use eastern most point, 500 kilometers ne of helsinki. russia is just a stone's throw away with finland's border with russia is 1340 kilometers long. for 80 years, finland has maintained military neutrality,

sweden as be neutral for even longer. but now fia of russia has prompted both countries to apply for nato membership. paula paula, on that is him on my side of the border and there is democracy, freedom of expression, landsey mind, and we uphold the values of the western world. we believe in them. yeah, we defend them earlier that i might go to a significant at that finland is a country with its own culture, momma alco, jeff, a male on so many him out that this is where our families are focused on the time to everything we hold dear or the law might embedded head dialogue guide is em tomatoes at diet, summer 2022. more than half of nato countries have already agreed to finland and sweden joining the alliance. the dawning of a new era. among the general public. this sultan about ton has divided opinion really know me is deputy president of finland's union of conscientious objectors.

helsinki is an expensive city and he lives a long way from the center. this is the fred stuff shown, which translates as the peace station, a disused train station that's been renovated and will be home normally is meeting up with his friend micha yackino. for the past 2 years, the young activists have been organizing regular demonstrations concerts and awareness raising campaigns. the next big event is a protest against nato. exceptional

i've been with them. how many people are we expecting wanna amuse, is so i guess almost hard to say, thought a few 100 at least tell us how boil moved to remove the la exams with any luck over a 1000. hopefully, google and bought give names to buy early more the song as it was on its own. agree with us up on facebook at 600 or so were interested at the thought. your facebook sullen grabanko shabba. i will get a little bit more than half of them will probably come through this on north lasalle this door. meanwhile, ill popo, sheila has organized a day trip. the honorary remembers at the finish reservists association to an artillery museum near the town of hammond lena north of the capitol rushes annexation of crimea in 2014, sent off alarm bells in finland. ever since the country has been hoping for the best, but expecting the worst father aggression from moscow? in the event of an attack, finland, oh, belies of, almost as i was half a 1000000,

that's a 10 percent of the population but, but hunter has 900000 reservists. the older generation seen themselves as role models, mailer have indicated that nuclear, its very important for us to honor all traditions and to remember where our strength and now determination come from a bully, a mistake i feel you have with us today. some senior guests of honor on 80 and it's important that we benefit from their experience. i had an endo so that we share with them how things are done today. matthew the bed. is it a look visit the visit yesterday? a history of ami tags from 1919 to the present day della museum showcase his finland's checkered military past. in 1939, the country was invaded by russia. it's never trust at moscow again. former soldiers are especially skeptical. oh, a. yeah. oh no, no, no one day russia says one thing the next day it's at something else. i've never trusted

the russian of that if i'm in a high and low, but i do not have met young men in this country, have to do military service out of may. and we have a very good army and good military training and further training for reservices, one of after military service. okay. so my law on hoover order may of course inland has a good army because we never abandoned conscription. mr. white hill bombing, teach artillery from the winter wall, the fast soviet finish. wall, and a brand new simulator. a direct hit, well done with good, isn't it a little while ago that i came in to live in that makes training fun in the bus at 3 am. i am the one that thought that hunting is a popular pursuit among fans, and many enjoy recreational shooting with as soft guns. a hobby that's not without

its risks. with some situations can feel very realistic with you about a mr. bobby, did that affect if we've been doing this a long time ago, i've been doing it for 15 years ago. it's always 10, but you never know what might come out. you don't. you have to consider your every move. everybody ought to get told me that they k, next on the day shall around of recreation or shooting. it's fair to say that by european standards, this is popular in finland. there are over 1500000 registered firearms in the country. among the highest number of registered firearms per capita in the world. now it's the gas mask, tanka venarsik, but the target is the red dot. take a look back. they'll be shooting with colored pallets rather than actual bullets. well, red dot will not be exactly okay,

here it is in a good yell. but moon, the cost boy buried time, pollyanna, there's been a steep rise in sales of military equipment, especially at the start of the ukraine war cruiser and up boston. about caleb aguilar, demand for combat and protective equipment has grown considerably. emma palostio better to long, low, viable does not say, and this has significantly strengthened or medlin's not. operational readiness. octavius old and blasphemies anglo alma the last set of us daily nationalists as soft guns are more realistic but potentially more dangerous variation on paintball guns. if the combatants aren't wearing helmets and protective here a direct hit can cause injurious

it's a game. but one that could quickly turn serious about intro mill as a guide in finland as prepared for me. we're not afraid that we're reading of alameda invest in people not weapons states this poster. having refused to do military service, which is compulsory for men in finland, really nor me does civilian service in stand at the peace station in helsinki, the headquarters of finished pacifists. they believe in disarmament and opposed nato. and like new me, they are conscientious objectors. today the team is meeting an international aghast . easy here to report on his experiences with russia. wow. finance bit to join nato . his deeply shocked billy normie. people with the it's on the military finance in

as an, as an anti military slant, but i don't believe in security based on weapons over oregon. though, my mission is to build a weapons free society where people live, inequality and freedom manon. we should remain militarily independent, august boston, returning there hasn't even been a public debate about nato and finland. the woods disadvantages haven't been discussed at the most nichol nato was made to look like a savior. all our biggest and got them and that's not what it is. but a div is, and i, and galena. you're the 3rd doesn't go from russia, has left the teams. visitor is alexander bailey, a russian lawyer. and he was forced to leave his aunt because of his criticism of human rights violations in russia. many others like him and now in prison. why we need to, every next step for is like her to step down. no, really, you leg deep down. so it's hard to, to believe that the, all of that stuff is happening in now. i, in my country it, we should,

people should go from the green russians should say yes, in securing peace without weapons. here in finland, pacifists have always been a minority. the community has come under increasing pressure since the russian invasion of ukraine on our social media us. we do grip quite hostile comments. ah, i think it has been less barish quite the shock shock when the when the war in ukraine started. and then when, when finland declared that it's applying for ne bosa, those were like spikes. but, but we look at out, so we get like the normal amount hospital,

we're not very popular amongst everyone in particular. the protesters underway. what do we want to do? the demonstrators nuclear disarmament. when do we want it now to the peace activists nato members, the u. s. and turkey are not much better than russia. but here in finland, few shanda viewpoint, overlooked by the cathedral senate square is in the heart of helsinki. america source and again we shouldn't join nato because we shouldn't be associated with countries that legitimized war and up in their present level and we should remain non alliance. no, probably about them it up to to get all and we must remain please pursue an anti militarist policy full a big going and demonstrate the power of non violence to the rest of the world. to the back of all of them would avoid. emma

i had the same place a few days later, ill po popular and his wife are on the steps of the cathedral, celebrating the annual flag day of the finished defense forces. back up. i don't wanna play with it was the president. saudi minister is here to pay his respects to the army. his speech is eagerly awaited this is the 1st flag day since the war began in ukraine. ah, what i'm going is all about. we are responsible for defending our country. whatever the circumstances, why this will remain the case in the future side when we are supported by our allies as a member, a defense alliance. good. but it was by what matters above all is that the public

is ready to defend the country. so new. ready this readiness is stronger than ever . there is an increased interest in military exercises. involuntary national defense, both on own boss compared to other european countries in finland. the army enjoys a positive image. it's job is to defend the country and all it stands for unparalleled stability. democracy and freedom of the press and no corruption whatsoever for the full time in a row. finland currently occupies the top spot in the u ends. well, happiness report with me today, a unit of female volunteers is also taking part in the parade,

recognizable by that purple flag. while they train at the hall to the military base, 100 kilometers from helsinki. some 300 women are taking part in a volunteer course run by the women's national emergency preparedness association or nasa. the training which lasts several days isn't about combat. it's about learning how to survive in emergency situations. and in the while we have all those other popular boy, both up susanna khaki works for the national board of education. she's here to learn basic skills such as surviving and a forest without food. no aided is denied and he would not. and i'm interested in learning how to make a fire under difficult conditions. same is our home class is something i'd like to

practice in that mission tehan. i mean, and if at all, if there's a lot of competition to get on the course of the participants can consider themselves lacking to be here. there's so much demand for the organizes a struggling to keep pop up with bottle, i believe or not the goth sort of gospel before me that the possible? no. okay, well i had go out there to submit our resorts, lazar stretches a corner, mail it to live out of this course. for example, was fully behind just a few hours and more the bus bonus yup. mailed 3500 women are on the waiting lessening medicine. we're planning to offer more courses. audio dr. mark. also we got that so that's only the cooking outside the foraging for herbs and mushrooms. hollow, providing 1st aid. these women are learning how to cope if an emergency occurs. boy, boy, and he said it will kind of deal on it. they,

he's at this situation. ukraine has shown that your own army came alive, asked that, but that you need to be able to turn to other as for how to marita. see morgan? yeah. so melodic out ok with the see that the fins have experienced the difficulty of fighting alone has on me. that's why we now think that nato is a good thing. go. it took like the voice a lot in his eyes. he ended mobile finland's capital, helsinki. the border to russia is just 160 kilometers away. the threat posed by the countries neighbor looms large here. along with sweden, finland officially applied to join nato in mid may. several weeks later, turkey dropped its objections to the 2 countries, accession but until recently,

any discussion of an end to finland's neutrality was considered to boot. over the last few decades, nato membership rarely had the support of more than 25 percent of the population. in the wake of russia's invasion of ukraine support has risen to 79 percent after 80 years of military a neutrality. it's a radical change of position. ill po, popular from the reservists association, believes the move is long overdue. he points out that over the course of history, russia has repeatedly proved itself to be an aggressive power. winter war began with the soviet invasion of finland in 1939. russia was clearly militarily stronger than finland, but the fins knew their country like the back of the hand. and the challenges of its icy winter's snipers in white camouflage were able to hold their own against

the lumbering black clad russian attackers. moscow's troops were forced to retreat . so hale wallace saw finland wasn't ready for the winter war. ma'am. mountain want war? and it was difficult for us to mobilize our troops quickly, dodo, miss. alt tanya was down to lock that we were able to maintain our independence on next hima and pushed him aside. the mites, however, soviet troops were victorious in the so called continuation wall. fought from 1941 to 1944. the fighting claimed the lives of some 100000 fins. this chapter in history is seen as a national trauma. mel on the vol,

his otto, an ion olette and i, we've been rushes neighbors for saint john. male and relations have always been bad . ah, horn up valley, like with a war and of the official line, was that we had good relations with the soviet union at that valid side of n. i n. in reality though, there was never any trust there. a no, la aiken outlet. ah, what to fight? 60 year old you'll popo, healer manages the charity association. he has a doctorate in economics and lives on a link near the town of u. n. so you, since the russian invasion of ukraine, the number of new reservists in his association has tripled from 30029000 national defense has become a very real concern. film mental got a mine,

put them on the record that he fell and is my home. and taylor home is where you were born in ap. hang that it means you breathe, finish air. sing along that you share finished values and finish culture. in roswell, mechanical ellie, who, being bohemia, it's been ties that exist from birth. good luck, as the majority of fins are ready to fight for their home, no matter what dilemma and of course lilith, i am too well. she said, yeah, most mena really knew me is visiting a fellow pacifist miro, pardon? no, he is not only refused to do military service, but also civilian service sigma color. he believes that even civilian service helps prepare finland for war in our life. and it's an extreme position middle has just been sentenced to 6 months of house arrest for his total refusal, you'll have to wear an ankle monitor. his detention begins in a few weeks time. a hollow protest i had

a saw in protesting against the conscription lawsuit which discriminates against men who refused military service on religious or moral grounds. so morality is important. part of it was that under no circumstances do i want to participate in state killing pacifist in about an ottawa as alice thought by miss agatha about the i think i mean that the guy sounds like about a guy that from the middle. i said it's good that there are people like miro, who dare to refuse military and civilian service old as well in bar at that, not going to those are the, they're showing how to build a weapons free society laws that can how to fight against inequality. so that you bought a nickel almost anyhow, your of us didn't middle. i really admire people like me roused on it that i them a summer to be to bottle to local. there's a high price to pay for total refusal your cost cuz they say on recourse. so and inland though, total refusal is a criminal offense and you can go to prison that alec out. there are only $30.00 to

$50.00 people a year who do it. but so not many little of the last it that, that the authorities can come to my house at any time with hello. they can take drug tests and urine test. i was out that i can't leave the house without permission if they're mad up, boys don't go. they want to know where i am at all times. would be that i lot, neglect it up yet. that the me somehow, yoga ill po, popular and instructor timo. eddie song are on their way to a shooting range. popular is in his element. reservists from the helsinki area are practicing their shooting skills. this time with live ammunition the protection is mandatory ah . with

we have a long history with russia. and we don't have illusions about what has happened before and what can still happen today. so in finish society i would say the main change that i've seen is that people, reservists, and non reservists are more actively seeking these sort of opportunities to either keep up the skills, freshened them up or learn something new because a threat might be real. you never know, ah, a if, if it was not prepared if we had a different system. but i mean technically as for kids, if we could do it. but honestly,

i don't think finland was on their lunch list. but as things are going now, things could escalate and we have to be ready. we just basically this is a turnkey in finland. so we are ready. we just have to mobilize it and that's where we are doing now. reservists and pacifists completely disagree about finland's extension to native with the log. ah, but can they at least see where one another coming from that the guy my own mother, a guy guest. of course, i understand that someone might refuse to do military service, a male without a lima. not every one is a soldier valuable. ahmad, the law allows people to serve the country according to their respective abilities . ethel's to was ost tolstoy and david bowie next to an orthodox jesus. that order really no me and meet ya, ya, conan, are talking about want total refusal in town. see if the sun on our song is little

okay. angular, alias mother. if i decide to spend the detention at my home where the ankle bracelet doesn't, what does it actually involve? im gonna go to my thumbs with that at the font on netflix. asked me to let us watch . donna mentally goes off, but you'll have to attach a metal bracelet to your lower leg with a will a wall, a bit of ice records. all your movements is 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so i'm glad to pick up. i'll have you book, you'll be given a 2 week schedule that tells me when you can work and study as to where you can be at me when you're allowed to smoke a lamp. okay, you can't drink alcohol and if you live with someone and they can't either gonna, so they got a ceiling bye. mm. the mommy cemetery is the 2nd largest in helsinki now and then the 2 peace activists come here to visit one of their biggest role models, finland's 1st conscientious objector, armed pecorino murdered. on november the 5th 1941

with arthur gordon ali ali i had got aiden rejected all forms of armed violence. hospice and walks and a thought breadth in the artifact. he spent many years in prison because the finish state wanted to force him to fight dallas le bon about as in, in the end, he was shot because he refused to pick up a gun personal post mazda. he was executed by his own people without trial or galvan section 69 3rd row, 2nd grave along as a pacifist pecorino. and was completely isolated in a society that willingly went to war against russia in from the point of view of really know me and the peace movement in the past. 80 years little has changed in finland.

mm hm. e glaciers provide nourishment in baton for both body and soul. ah, but climate change is threatening this. ah. the moves are adapting to these shifts with innovative strategies. he gave me he missed on d w. o. ah

ah ah ah, this is dw news coming to live from berlin, germany. lawmakers pay tribute to mikhail gorbachev. a commemorative speech and a minute silence at the bonus tag for the last leader of the soviet union. the man credited with bringing down the iron curtain and allowing east and west germany to become one also on the program.