the turbulent history ah, the cities, a mosaic of different people and languages o e. ron's mountains reveal unparalleled beauty. that it will. yeah, i saw the scenery is magnificent particularly warm in our position is exceptionally ah, a special look at a special country. iran from above. start september 16th on d, w ah, creating a green oasis inside a road tunnel. what can this experiment teach us about making cities more livable? pluses, stress in the city. what effect distress, hop on our brains and good meet food.

come what you eat, make you happier. feeling hungry to learn more. ah, welcome to you tomorrow to day d, w. science show sharing a meal with others. it's usually an enjoyable experience in its own right. and it's how thick eating together regularly helps us avoid getting overweight according to a major study. but what about when we eat alone? some types of free to believe to lift are moved. but if you're thinking of crisps or desert, thanks again. for psychological balance and well being. comfort foods like these might not be the best option, says nutritionist, nothing along with

a mandate and let us talk. people always think that sugar makes you happy. even wonder that anyone who's ever been in a hypoglycemic state will tell you they were anything but happy like that. that's because i'm after a quick sugar high comes the crash than you get by tempered and irritable. eating a lot of sugar will make that happen with zooming in order of passed that through the up to let's glue, pastor is often seen as a happy food path, but in the body. white pastor is biochemically nothing more than sugar is the quickest carbohydrate molecules in the white flower are quickly broken down into sugar molecules and absorbed antony, which gives you a blood sugar spike and a crush making you feel hungry and irritable to pass are on to took out the struggle addison et al charlotte is closer to a happy food because he contains the amino acid trip to fun, which the body uses to make the happy hormone, serotonin. but chocolate often has a lot of sugar, which again, causes a crash on the amount of trip to fine is so small, it's almost negligible mean boon could. serotonin is one of the substances that

plays a key role in happiness. alongside many other neurotransmitters and hormones that circulate the brain and influence on mood, alongside serotonin feelings of happiness can come from dopamine, norepinephrine oxytocin and endorphins. but how do we get them into our bloodstream and our brain by eating foods that contain the building blocks that make them as the gold power stein of the building blocks of many of these hormones and neurotransmitters are amino acids. and amino acids are also the building blocks of protein, which is what he intact with man, uh, preferably you should eat a small portion of high quality protein with every neil cortinez. high quality protein includes fish, power, tree, meat, eggs, cheese and legumes. but eating those is only half of the process. the middles are

cover to create hormones. i body doesn't just need the building blocks north of the amino acids. it also needs a few tools in the form of vitamins and minerals, one vitamin c whitman be fixed magnesium, folic acid, and i and i go into making serotonin for instance, that these so called co factors are usually found in plant based foods, pistachios and sunflower. seeds are packed with vitamin b, 6 berries, and bell peppers provide vitamin c. folic acid is found in green beans and fresh herbs. there's magnesium, men, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, and go to mineral water. ion is found in oats and lindsay, but also in all kinds of meats. fats like oils also play an important role. studies have shown that they have a big impact on arm mood. some of the most important are omega 3 fatty acids,

like alpha lynn, alina acids, acres, the techy and no acids and doe kosa, hexa no acid. these not only help the body fight inflammation, they've also been shown to help with low mood and depression. high levels of omega 6 fatty acids like a racket, donek acid, on the other hand, have been found in the blood and brain of patients with depression and anxiety disorders that could either to on this means we should eat more. if the good omega 3 fatty acids found in oily fish like salmon, bat, mackerel, and sardines, and also in linseed oil and algae oil. and that we should limit omega 6 fatty acids that counteract omega 3. i fair common in sunflower, oil and processed meat. i bacon and sausage in flight put open view fine us back, order was pump as also potential. happiness locked inside. saturated fats often

demonized because they contain coalesced role. but we need collateral, for example, in the formation of cell membranes, and the body can use it to produce victim. indeed, which in turn is needed to make dopamine. the hormone that allows us to feel pleasure and motivation. cholesterol is found in dairy products, light, cheese, butter, and whole milk in coconut oil and eggs and in fatty meats, including poultry and fish. and it's also needed in another area. color screen of m collette fuel is very important because it's a precursor to video on d and all our sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, via that are also linked to good moods of us with good afternoon to, to lose good mood. food is best prepared using fresh ingredients because studies have shown that the less processed and fresh of the food is that goes into our

daily diet. the better it is for our mental health. mm hm. in stressful situations, we tend to tend to fast food to fatty or sugary treats for comfort. scientific studies have shown that we ought to a calorie rich consumables. stress is experienced by city dwellers every day. and that affects the brain. psychiatrist mazda oddly is researching exactly what impact it has with having the fall of mom. i can draw that for you when he is, and i think those are the inner workings, hon. the i looked al, and here's the a mig della, which is where emotions stress and threats are processed for alberto on the bigger the city in which you live, the more active leave out of this region,

react stress. if that is into your mount leapt, that means city dwellers brains are extremely sensitive distress. and i can for another human here there. and then there's another region here. you've got the 4 anterior or fronting singular cortex. it also processes stress and emotions are bad . but if you go and it reacts more strongly, and people who don't just live in a big city, but also grew up their city dwellers brains, therefore are almost programmed for stress. despite that, not every urban dwellers get sick, the body seemed capable of balancing stress. well, to investigate that mazda oddly and his team have used the m r i machine to analyze the brains of city dwellers while putting them in a truly stressful situation. his test subjects were given math problems with

a mischievous twist. they weren't solvable in the allocated time, and they were showered with negative feedback full on stress. then the research team looked at the environment in which the test subjects lived. did that influence stress levels within india though? does open guns, car involved in this experiment that we see extremely clear signs in the eye that the proportion of green space around where someone live soccer field plays a big role and her active the brain areas are things that regulate emotion with swollen and help balance stress stress also glycogen health and can, we can say guna is in the green or the living environment for the more active the brain regions that regulate stress. the coolant and hood. like you wanna simply having plenty of trees and parks near your house is enough to guard against long term stress. they also act as social spaces that help combat loneliness. they

promote contact with others and encourage people to look around and linger. that's why master ugly recommends more green spaces for cities, but only ones that encourage communication. too often ugly plantings and sad green spaces are found between dreary apartment blocks. no one wants to stick around there. because financial concerns often dominate construction plans. the area around houses is rarely of much interest, but it's the city planners responsibility to change that new studies have found out that even small green spaces between apartment blocks or many parks like this encourage social interaction. there's always time for a little chat here. and projects like this are even better when neighbors take over green spaces together. urban gardening is a trend that helps counteract stress and loneliness. there are now open gardens

like this in cities the world over there. monday, city dwellers are also more exposed to another problem more than most appellation from fine particulate matter. very traffic is mainly to blame. particulate matter describes the dust or liquid droplets that is suspended in the air. particles that a smaller than 10 micro meters, a classified as fine particulate matter. they can impact our house because they penetrate deep into our lungs. scientists are asking whether more greenery in the city could help dumb stance. city tunnel is a surprising slight biologist, killian lincoln and landscape architect kidding and fan leah have created a mini jungle made possible by

u. v. lamps and artificial irrigation. the isaac soon followed as was indiana mc. yes is really crazy. number here is an extreme location is extremely high air pollution and the tunnel that's been the case for the last few years. and we're trying to find out here what influence these plants and systems in the tunnel can have on the reduction of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides take oxy lit up so they hope that the plants can absorb particulate matter and other air pollutants. and perhaps even break them down via them metabolism. you can even see how large particles a court, fast by the leaves. the tunnel experiment also aims to show how resilient the plant saw idea after a year's growth. liquor is developed. on the wall, it's great. the city of damage that hopes it will reduce appellation, but it's not an easy task. as this is an o fondest influence,

we're making quite an effort that's true. but particulate matter is very damaging to the body. even small doses under the harmful limit or damaging to the human body, that's better than sofi with forensic rubber. it's still not clear whether the plants reduce pollution. killian friendlier takes regular samples to see what the plants absorb and which if any pollutants they collect. your last week we analyzed the pakenio and a swish log killer war. the off mama, microscope images showed that the plants actually do absorb particulate matter. they act like a filter. as other studies have also shown, if it goes well, this experiment with the green particulate matter filter in the dark tunnel will be repeated above ground. ah, at the bavarian center she replied, energy was such a team. tests by the plants can cool a house for sod. temperature senses in front of and behind the wall measure any

difference. cooling for houses is increasingly important as cities experience hotter and hotter summers due to climate change. the team use of thermal imaging camera to illustrate any cooling effects, and it actually shows a clear difference on the, to some baked walls. the plants on the surface of cooled it down by a whole 15 degrees through evaporation had in my house the average homeowners. it's still not really viable just now, especially if the house is already built receive. the goal is to integrate this lawyer into new houses at the building phase, so that you can maybe leave out to certain facade, features that law and save money that way. come on, god, i'm spawn green facades. could mean there's no need for air conditioning. the team is also investigating where the green wolves can bring a bit of nature to the city. a rich variety of plants attracts insects. who in turn

draw predators like the bush cricket? a small bio type with its own food chain seems to have appeared on the test facade . ecologist to determine bag is surprised by how much he finds in the walls. p square meters. distinct doses fron. i think it's a huge gain for urban living spaces and makes a real contribution to biodiversity university ago. a study in singapore even showed that the variety of species on the green facade of a skyscraper was rich ethan, that in a neighboring park, a little slice of nature in this city. lights stop cities around the world getting really dark at night. that can disrupt the fire rhythm of humans and other creatures. it can also obscure a fascinating spectacle, enough size, comp, ag, life,

all night glide. the add some aspect consists of various layers, the lowest level, the troposphere is about 12 kilometers it's, it's thickest above that is the stratosphere, which reaches up to about 50 kilometers. then as the masses spare on the thermos fair, the very upper most layer is called the axis spare. the magical phenomenon that we're going to tell you about next is formed in the famous fair and master sphere. it mainly occurs when some light splits oxygen molecules into individual atoms. when the electronically excited oxygen atoms recombine, they release energy, and that's visible as green light from space the anglo can be seen as a small illuminated bond high above our planets. back down on earth, it's not quite as easy to observe. on the ascent at

dusk, tight, rollins bound to billing and nor batch bon are going to spend the night on the mountain either. so yeah it's, it's a magical night. very dry. yesterday it snowed. burnt, and i want to go up to look for the air glue or in german. the magical light of the night sky knocked him his eyes ever since they discovered a green glow in one of their photos. about 7 years ago. they've been trying to photograph the air glow phenomenon. at 1st they thought there was a technical problem with the camera. but now they know the air blows another form of the northern light, but it can be observed in central europe to be experienced. stargazers also photograph other celestial phenomena like stars, interstellar gas, nebula, and galaxies. today, they are hauling 90 kilos of equipment to 1600 meters above sea level.

it's a real grind the fight i'm we to insignificant human beings under this canopy of stars, sensing the universe with these 5 or 6 things we might discover. i don't think there's anything more magical in the world. the pair go to great lengths to capture the best possible images of the stars on spending in the night out in the mountains in winter is an adventure when they arrive at the frozen and snowy open band lake, nor batch bon and bent willinger set up their equipment, a tripod with a computer controlled motor. the motor guides the telescope so that it compensates for the motion of the earth and contract objects moving in the skies. even if they are millions of light years away. ah, social to take action also follows the x axis attack. so that's the sexes come out,

run smoothly, and no, you can set an object 50, that's the 2nd axis, not the one there. and in for, to record a moment there, we can take an object from the sky, in this case, the moon, more and more to run smoothly. we close at once, close at twice on this candle. now we can observe again the more quickly organized the moon really, there is the again i or the more exactly on form in order in orbit men or but until it set an over, there is the summit angle. but to night they have something very special planned for the moon to get a long night. this device is fixed into the height of us multi night. we really want to observe the entire air glue of the night sky glow. that's the reason why we went up a little but bound to night, try to catch 2 or 3 other highlights in the sky. if even one of them is the moon set at the summit cross and difficult to get him in the boat, we always go until mountains to take pictures so that we can avoid all the smog and light pollution. the moon still dominates the night sky,

nor batch bon wants to capture the exact moment when it sets behind the mountains at around 1 o'clock in the morning. in the meantime, the temperature is dropped to minus 10 degrees. but your stargazers climb unto their warm suits and use anything they can to keep themselves warm, including heated socks. the cold is good for the camera because it means there is less image distortion on the processor, and the images become clearer and sharper. the time has finally come, the moon is about to set. the camera needs to be aligned precisely so that it disappears directly behind the summit, cross of the open bag. tribble down. about 2 and a half kilometers away. will it work? don't yoyo, please look. i see a giant cross walberg analia, super, super right on the summit, cross and blown away from her a fift ticket and show it doesn't get any better than this. does it hang me to

dreamer? awesome. after all, this is the home of the help i think i've been trying to calculate that somehow the whole morning cracked and i've got to type of astronomy software. you or i can lay the panorama over the software. so exactly this area from the open burn lake. i tried that for 2 or 3 hours on the 57 meters back and forth. and then by chance, i found a point where i could catch the summit cross and it was all and then i shifted the position until we got it spot on object and function it. ah, the moon pictured behind the summit cross a real highlight for the 2 photographers. finally, it becomes dark enough to begin the search for the air glow, the night sky light of the mead latitudes. they don't need a telescope to do this. instead, they are using a highly sensitive professional camera with a special wide angle lens sketson's over 20 seconds. they expose the image and search for the green glow, the skull, claudia, of disappointment,

lots of stars, but no air glow. that is, is completely clear. it's collected from monica and it's that been them. i misled, i'll hold my leg and it will alley from the vice most the northern lights that are a few ups that tell you if there is strong light radiation on a particular day. yeah. and you see more of an aurora, there's no up for the air glue yet. keep sicily, it's not yet truly understood. white shines in this direction and there's no forecast for it. you just have to try it out a bit more often. unclaimed the mountain was mobile, housebroken will differ of a bucket, but they have photographed the air glo before. in the meantime, scientists have figured out how it's created. uv radiation causes oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the upper atmosphere to glow. but what remains a mystery is why the air glow only appears at certain times

nor that spawn and van drilling of hope to find out the conditions under which the phenomenon appears. meaning they will be spending many more nights to come out in the mountains. if our blood is red, y a now over to you, do you have a question about science? then send us a video, a text or voice message. if we answer your question on the program will send you a little surprises. a thank you. come on. just ask this week's question comes from last year, my shadow montero from brazil. why is the universe talk soon? i'm milky way alone consists of hundreds of billions of stars. and there are countless other galaxies out there to 10 times more than previously thought. in

fact, as the hubble space telescope has shown, that means we should see stones shining everywhere in the sky. and yet the night sky above us looks dark. firstly, because the intensity of light decreases sharply with distance stars which are far away appear as tiny dots in the night sky. rather like sky lanterns do when flying off high into the air. and secondly, because ever since its birth with the big bang, the universe has been expanding from us, we can only observe a tiny part of the universe. many stars are so far away that that light is yet to reach us light from on neighboring galaxy. andromeda

needs 2 and a half 1000000 years to get here ending cosmic terms. andromeda is just around the corner. sadly galaxies and not just made up of stars. they also include clouds of gas and dust. these blocks the light emitted by styles behind them. and fourthly, space is not only expanding, but doing so at increasing speeds. the further away the galaxies, the faster they fly away from us. with expanding space, the night waves emitted by stars change shifting their light towards wavelengths in the infra red, which can't be seen by the human eye. the european planck spacecraft has detected light created shortly after the big bang and which is found across the entire universe today. this image shows the several 1000000000 year old relic radiation in

the microwave wavelengths made visible here light that her eyes cannot see. that's why for us, the universe is dog. that's all from tomorrow to day. thanks for joining us. to see you next time and remember, don't start asking questions with. ah, with

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more modern lifestyles and the mediterranean meeting, people actually hearing their dreams a to me journey this week on w o . this is did over your news wire from berlin. ukrainian troops expand to their territorial gains as russian forces make a hasty retreat in the heart to reject residents. lensky says ukrainian forces will continue their advance in the south and the east also coming up on the show.