rejected by amin his father who told the press his daughter had no history of illness. the protest this reject not just the regimes version of events, but he ran system of clerical rule and it's brutal and forces. you're watching t w news up next doc, film of friends or foes, bratia and the baltic states that's coming up after a short break. stay with us for that. i'm anthony howard, in berlin from me and the team here. thanks for your time and have a good day. i'm the green. you feel worried about the planet? me too. i'm neil. host of the on the green fence podcast and to me it's clear we need to change. join me for a deep dive into the green transformation for me, for you, for the plant ah,

with along the eastern shores of the baltic sea lithuania, lot fia and estonia, the baltic states in awe. for half a century, they belong to the soviet union. a forced brotherhood with, with the singing revolution of 1990. the bolts regained their independence.

to day, they are russia's neighbors. but russia's war on ukraine has rekindled old beers. many here wonder, are we next? ah ah, our journey through the baltics begins in the north east in the estonian city of norfolk, a border city, where nato and the you meet russia. ah less than 300 meters separate the 13th century estonian fortress hammons festa from the russian fortress. yvonne garad

now leak a month from oil nava is located where europe begins and is the most russian speaking city in the european union. our population is 96 percent russian speaking only 4 percent speak austonia and one of some 2000 estonians in nava. i got 3 right belongs to that 4 per cent. they do not but she is also the city's mayor. home to some 55000 people to day, nor ever has seen its share of upheaval. originally an estonian city. by the end of world war 2, it was deserted and almost completely destroyed. the red army had driven out the german van mocked and with it most of nervous inhabitants. soviet arab buildings

and apartment blocks make up most of the city to day. many who live in nava moved here during soviet times as well would idly food and our roy born actually narvie was born in new in 1945 i. it was year one for nerve out of noise mystical, new people came at the beginning, more from the border region than from the ural region for neurology. for those of ida. oh not about i nick lance and dangerous threeish. that fear larva was a shiny industrial city vintage. the women wore beautiful dresses. there was a lot of caviar and sausage, noisy, milk, milk. it was a nice life is work. it wasn't important that it was a stony and it was just a town. i could have been anywhere and then quite unexpectedly in august 1991, the state became independent. that was a shock. that is why i took in the soviet era nava and yvon

garad were twin cities. the bridge that connects them is still called the bridge of friendship. but to day the cities exist in 2 very different political systems. with a stony as independence in 1991, a guarded border went up since 2004, when a stoney at joined the european union, it has also served as an external border for the you. a 2nd border crossing is reserved for pedestrians every day, commuters between the 2 cities and systems around half of novice, ethnically. russian residents are not estonian citizens. they have a russian passports, or the so called grey passport, which identifies them as stateless, but allows them to walk easily without a visa, between russia and europe. mainly people who make the crossing do it to go shopping with me for mission with other lovable world once

a month we go there to buy alcohol and cigarettes or just now we were asked if we were carrying salt issue. i asked if that was forbidden the board a god said no, just that now everyone bring salt salt and soda sold. were you thinking of buy them new from before? what do you buy there? she vodka, cigarettes, salt, sugar cakes, chocolate confectionary. good. the cab is already waiting. relatively salt is practically sold out. in the supermarkets of norma, people are stocking up. who knows that bella bruce will stop exporting salt to estonia. in addition to worrying about empty store shelves, russian residents say they fear discrimination, mayor country reich has invited the public for a discussion with the minister of justice in the city hall. yet it by

a stony a welcomes and cares for ukrainians who have fled the war for some russians and nava. this is a sore spot. they say it makes them feel like 2nd class citizens. what is putin's war doing to estonia? isn't uniting or dividing people here as the worship worse one when they were meeting these days, we had calls from various ministers, but also from the president warning against denigrating, or suspecting the russian population in estonia. i'm here with me out there, but this is exactly what we're experiencing in the media. and at the same time, i see how the ukrainian side is reported and refugees had taken care of. and for me, a completely justified question arises. what has the estonian state done in all

these years with regard to the russians who were born here and live here with us? yes, i am good with them. i don't know if there is any one here among us who has experienced the 2nd world war. i experienced it for me, the war began when i was 9 years old. i was with my grandmother, but she said to me, girl, run home quickly. the war has begun. children have to be with their parents now. and i run 3 kilometers to my parents house. why am i telling you this? the war is a terrible thing. and for us now, there is only one thing to do to prevent a blood bath in ukraine. we're, you know, crazy, you lou

for the russian president vladimir putin. the dissolution of the ussr was the greatest tragedy of the 20th century. and according to russian state television, today's neighboring baltic countries represent a fascist threat. v. as in mid click on ale, we are a member of the end of nito. article 5 is our protection. our future are guaranteed if it died to our freedom it, it's all going. well, those that i got on t ones that are fry height. the base of the estonian defense league, or kites, sell it in norfolk members of a stony as volunteer army are returning from training once or twice

a month. they give up their free time for their homeland. the estonian defense lee was founded in 1918 when estonia 1st gained its independence. the kites, sil, it was band, during the soviet period, then re emerged in 1990 in 2015, alexander moisture jenko joined the group. he is russian born in norfolk but here's the deal. results were more, he's local were bureaus, abolla rose from your will. joining was my reaction to the annexation of crimea. the 1st thing my acquaintances asked me was whether this meant that i would be ready to shoot at russians, ordered the last many of my friends because i suggest, oh god would thought they consider me a traitor to the russian people and yours look good. but let me put it this way that if someone comes here with weapons in his hands, no matter who he is, he is an enemy. it doesn't matter what language she speaks. criminals have no

nationality. do you understand what marcy? we live here, and these are borders calling you for the estonia. does not invade anyone this. i was born here. this is my homeland or the half the defendant from you, closer for you. 3 gamers, lou almost carousal schuler sir. blush threw up on the party when ukraine was invaded on february 24th. so i called my mother and said, if the state of estonia wants me to go to ukraine to defend it, i will go. my mother is ukrainian, she is from odessa sooner. she said to me, were you craniums are now getting what they deserve. i was stoned and i can't talk to my parents about this issue anymore. and they will not understand me. they think that futon is doing everything right. no more for them to. i am a traitor, ever since i chimed. the kite cell at him, you rascal will go to burglar for both. but feel free to do. alexander's parents were staunch communists. his father helped to build the nuclear power plant in sure

noble. with the collapse of the soviet union they like many russians and nava lost the country they had identified with now they live in europe. but what does that mean? the government to yet got a lot of an issue with government could what happened in crimea or don bass also happen to norma, could have be split by force from estonia. since the annexation of crimea and 2014 relations between estonians and russians living in estonia have deteriorated. a certain level of tolerance had been painstakingly achieved. now it's given way to old cliches. i'm

a go evil russians and nationalist estonians from the kite. so it base alexander most a yankee goes straight to the cities theater, where he works as a stage hand drama. alexander is both russian and estonian at heart. but at $48.00, he's too old for the young republic, too old for the estonian language, which he never learned. a stateless person with a gray passport. because if you don't speak estonian, you can't be an estonians citizen, or hold public office. the again, with various good you the wish you was doing you, if the russian people who live here are really given the feeling that they are also at home here than russia will have no argument to protect their citizens in estonia than putin will not be able to mobilize people who are ready to provoke or support

to russian invasion when your solution is where you grow william a double of 4 or more born. you sick? the hershey. i understand that estonian citizens suffered a lot from the soviet union's violence of it. but we all come from that time. we all want to be in europe premium. the new, sure, very similar values are. the only difference is, is that we talk about these values and different languages. but if i have to redeem myself in every conversation, for something i didn't do, it doesn't create a could dialogue community over if that goes on, then a line will always be there between new russians and we estonians rosky. this is not how it should be working goes. mm hm. oh oh, i love it. diamond dagenham. our next destination is taught to in southeastern estonia. no, no,

no. tar 2 is the oldest city in the baltics 1st mentioned in the year 1030. and the 2nd largest in estonia. for centuries it was under foreign rule. the german nights of the order arrived in the 13th century, followed by ivan the terrible than the swedes. in 1941, the german vamp occupied the city. in 1944, the red army took over and stayed for almost half a century. how do you rebuild a country after 50 years of imposed totalitarian rule? estonia looked to its youth and digitization. since 2000 the estonian constitution has guaranteed its citizens access to the

internet. free why fi is ubiquitous here. has donia is considered a digital pioneer in europe at the university of ta to the delta centers. modern building is an epicenter of digital progress students, researchers, developers, and entrepreneurs work here under one roof. one person who was a student here in tar 2 is now considered something of a national hero in estonia, at least by the younger generation. the programmer ot heinlein, develop the telephony software, skype in 2003. a pioneering act that still inspires many young estonians with since then, digitization has become an important economic driver. now,

estonia is home to over $400.00 start up companies. among them fo 2 class bounded by kristen tom at 30 years old. he's always lived in an independent estonia. good luck, i'm. you know, when i was, you know, when i want him with for little, i can finish with the city. it when i've only ever known estonia as a free country, and that's a piece of luck. my parents and grandparents didn't have obama and with her, they told me how everything was nationalized back then. there was no free enterprise. robert, i mean, i've seen things like that in some of the countries i've traveled to countries that are not democratic. all that are under the influence of russia. your, i'm about you can see it in their gross national product, but also just on the streets. you can see how people are doing the difference between these countries in estonia today, it's light years that i with an elaborate on that we've done our business take,

wasn't than i do business with amazon. in estonia, internet access is standard in schools. first graders learn to program, krista and tom and his team have developed a computer game for learning using virtual reality headsets. they want to make lessons into an adventure political tonight and who to class is an educational game that we developed for chemistry and physics classes for 8th and 9th graders south. and that again is students learn about complicated topics using virtual reality laboratories and laboratory facilities at schools are expensive in this virtual lab. on the other hand, you can repeat an experiment a 100 times, try it again and again and learn from your mistakes in a bit. with the war in ukraine is not virtual. it's paul to real,

that most of mine was rigorous the article me so is the question of what to do about it? no, sir, we know a little on to move to here. taylor immigration in the war has affected my life so much that yesterday i attended my 1st volunteer army informational sessions. i'm going to join the defense laker. we've got a needed no lag, which with her as the business good may be our international partners no longer trust us because we live close to the russian border. good luck on, but we belong to nato. everything is good here. i'm not worried about how company, man, what i did when i us any sick our car will to let it. there was had to a new deal at the see who had to leave me. christian tom doesn't have to worry about finding new recruits for his company either. the software developers of the future are right next door. they study just across the courtyard in the delta

center, no, not really even after their 1st semesters. students are hired by start up companies and by the time they're 20 or $25.00, they're earning twice as much as their parents. he, they, they sca rebate and then away from tar to we travel further south along the russian and bellow russian borders dug up is, is the 2nd largest city in lafayette after riga, ringed in soviet times by machine building factories and a chemical plant in the 1990s, many of these factories had to close. one of the most important employers to day is the locomotive repair works. founded in $1866.00 as a repair facility for the st. petersburg, warsaw, railroad line. the factory boomed under the soviets. they expanded, adding

a house of culture, a pioneer camp, vacation homes, and a training center for the 4000 people who worked here with the collapse of the soviet union. the plant shrank. today. it only has $640.00 employees. valerie, but on off worked for the railroad for deck. it's then 2 years ago his job was eliminated at the repair plant, he found new employment as a master craftsman whether we think of he is russian and a citizen of lafayette yevgeny. bog donna was born and raised in dog appeals. he trained as an engineer in riga. he's been working in the locomotive factory for 2 and a half years. on a resume, eva has been with the company for 29 years. she is bell russian and has

a russian passport. she is happy with that. with you some cigarettes we live in latvia so we also feel like latvians as the how do we speak lat vienne, and ration quite often. and would love to have a more more to face. what is the with the city belonged sometimes to one state sometimes to another as a result, different nationalities live here. i think that it is people from the outside who tried to make a conflict out of it, to drive a wedge between us. like now persevere, but we, ordinary people don't care whether we are real latvians or real russians. we don't want any problems. we have to hold on to were jobs were deliberate, so we can live here half decently to sort of worship tucker. and historically doug of pills has always been a rather russian city. now more and more people, especially the young speak latvian. i'm

a latvian citizen at here in the company. we speak russian. it's still our everyday language. i have no problem with it. so i'm never close doesn't problem the russian language is common here. so to was russian television, but not any more russian television channels are now blocked in all baltic countries. abject ulysses. interesting. you followed that money that was that i think there can be no objectivity for us like this. not from one side or from the other. we can't influence the situation anyway. also we have our own thoughts about what we see and good. we stand outside politics, nigerian somebody is here to really sure what the deal is about moving your body. yes, yes, this is of what you to live again is the blog. i think it's bad that the tv channels have been blocked. after all, there has to be another opinion if what western mass media report is true,

that was, why does the russian media have to be blocked? something's been hidden from us so much for me. it is quite clear propaganda comes from both sides around the suddenly said on the little whisper. yes, 5015 is human moore's level. you could choose for yourself if you could hear and see both sides. but probably there is no neutral mass media either. one is either for one side or for the other. that is why it is absolutely wrong to pound the channels it after all, not only the political channels were blocked but also entertainment and sports channels. so yes, what the grannies watch, keith, us, but i also don't understand why russian and bella, russian athletes were barred from the paralympics. why do they have to suffer from politics? i'm also strictly against at sports have nothing to do with politics. the war is also impacting the plant repair orders come mainly from russia and ukraine. they have disappeared overnight and before the russian attack, ukraine placed

a major order. now the payment of 9000000 euros is outstanding. will it come late or not at all? the plant has asked or government assistance for employees, the situation feels threatening. you can feel it, you feel it. we felt it immediately mature, was the situation heated up quickly with them and i, for one day to the next one, your computers flow. several diesel locomotives that were supposed to come to us from ukraine and russia were stopped and turned around. it's much of our markets depends on these 2 countries in the book, as of your spelling, we live on the periphery of these countries. what happens there affects us here to not just our businesses, which will also affect other industries. you can see how some people are starting to panic. you only have to look at the stores or at the prices at gas stations to see how hysteria is mounting. that oval to put them a little bit of upward. closing the plant would be

a disaster or it's $640.00 employees the city to would lose an important source of tax revenue. and people would start to move away to places where there is more work . estonia or elsewhere in europe. from dug up is we crossed the border into lithuania, home to the cities of vilnius and vista. it is the westernmost of the baltic countries. lithuania is sandwiched between bell roost to the east and the russian enclave of colleen and got to the west. our next destination is vilnius. the capital welcomes us with skyscrapers

a little like new york or frankfort. the cities modern business center is attribute to lithuanian economic rise and prosperity bud vilnius is well known and loved for its historical architecture because of its many churches. vilnius is called the rome of the north since 1994, the old town has been a unesco world heritage site. here, buildings and gothic renaissance and lithuanian baroque style offer a stark contrast to the glass towers just across the nearest

vilnius has a new street. the street of ukrainian heroes. the sign went up a few days after the war began a small alley in the west of the city. it leads directly to the russian embassy in the park, across the way. blue and yellow ribbons waved from the trees. at the end of february, thousands of people stood here with home made banners protesting against the war. many lithuanians compare their country to west berlin during the cold war. and they fear it's only a matter of time before putin decides to take back the former soviet republics and the baltics as well. if ukraine falls to day, hootin will be on our doorstep to morrow, declared president gitane. now seda,

the ministry of national defense is flying the flag of ukraine next to the lithuanian flag. defiant letters at the entrance, remind passers by maced nato. we are nato shock over the war in ukraine. and a resurgent fear of the russians has turned the city into a blue and yellow sea of solidarity. ah with

it every day for refugees from ukraine arrive in vilnius. in front of the official registration center, a private initiative has set up a stand here. individual donations are distributed for those strollers. barbie dolls, clothes cosmetics, yoga. check up with one of the helpers. is judea. medina? little at y. if the engine's want to help people probably feel very connected, calling crane, it has always been like that. so bonus every when some one in ukraine. of course, this is also our history. after all, we used to be one country, a fee of on i love the there from incidence. if you ever is these document gun christian possessions to bring the lot idea of an initiative is to bring people certain things that they

don't get from the state that they get basic packages from what they need to survive. so we wanted to give them some little thing of climate cards like half times for girls. hand cream cream. my women tell us they haven't used hand cream for weeks and their hands are really rough and henderson for this at all. so we had a table full of cosmetics fine, and after 10 minutes it was all gone. that's just nice month month. you feel like you really give people a little little happiness for me. ok, look if ye, adria padaya is 36, an anti trust lawyer. she studied and breyman and worked in a major law firm in dusseldorf. washington. gotcha. i from michigan, yolanda germany and the germans. that was a wonderful me guys. i didn't even really compare them germany and they threw ania lithuania. was my life in germany?

was another world, another planet. i also didn't think that the life i saw in germany could ever become a reality. in lithuania, those were 2 different wells for me at that time, i've seen of elk for these dollars. does lithuania truly belong to europe? does europe really stand behind lithuania? how secure can lithuanians feel with russia and bell rues for neighbors? these are the questions people in vilnius are now asking themselves when russia attacked ukraine in february, this year, the government here declared a state of emergency basements were converted into shelters. jadrien by diana, had sleepless nights. she wondered whether she should leave the country as soon as possible with her husband po, villas, and their 2 children on a mayor and hare coos. when banged them, the knob on the phone turns out morgan bones fun. people think if bombs full that they can fall here to morrow. i was checking the airlines every morning looking for

flight. why should we go? should we go now? or not yet harder for my mom? my husband's father lives in 10, a reef. the south of that might be a destination for us, but the flights rural gone immediately. it was also 10 reese tourists season and i have friends in germany, oslyn. they all offered me apartments. oh, it took a few days to calm down a bit among the close of business before it had for her the worn ukraine is as close as a phone call to her relatives and keith. her uncle lives there with his wife and 2 children that do one in kia one doesn't. among the aston, taca, they live in, ki, answered sava, and left on the 1st day for paula tarver. we're the grandparents lived for women, but my uncle stayed in ki, if he is waiting for the russian army settler as

a liberator. unfortunately, he is lithuanian. but he never lived in the independent state of lithuania. i'm him to slunk of warned that he was in the russian army. he believes that the russian army is the best and that all this is good. thus, i made the best this one that he was always on put inside as well. so this is also a conflict within our family. for unlike estonia and la thea with their relatively large russian populations. in lithuania, only about 5 percent of the population is russian. most russians left lithuania with the withdrawal of the red army. to day russia and lithuania, our neighbors are they also enemies was more than one de monte nonbillable woke up this visit to chip leaked his her house as was

cause cause vehicles in the 1st days of the war. i was very angry because i thought i took it all very personally though i really thought every russian was guilty. i'm thinking that the loss of and ticket if we had one yesterday it more give me more. even our babysitter is russian. seems to have to have a boss we thought about whether to do without her, as the saying goes away, maybe it's not good to have the enemy in your own house. i'll place to go here. i will say or to get my dad. i was a caliber, they've been wounded on both of the impulse. eskoville would not shut life, but then we realized that this is nonsense. that people have lived here since birth . and even if they are russian yet, they have lithuanian passports to mascot are then not the ones who approve of the hootin and his military actions about them. so we must not cross this line, go that in every rush and you see only rushes. wore a button and rushes people after all, themselves, hostage to their own government and jasa took place and in my opinion, they can hardly do anything about it. manon norman, a shadow,

only uppercase there. zant from dazzling talk. we grew up with this from the 1st day we were born with doug, along with the thought that russia is the aggressive, the upkeep idea and, and that it can come back at any time from you grow up with this thought that it can be that's bad again versus when appreciates freedom all the more on that one enjoys this freedom all the more over me, but you also have this fear in the back of your mind. man. i thought you might is the asked him to cough what, adria and povey last are too young to have experienced soviet era. lithuania, foby loss was only 8 days old when the country broke away from the soviet union and regained its independence to day they live here with their children, no differently than in western europe. oh. but does the past

still shape them? well, that's okay and that for orphaned in franklin, people say when you talk to friends of yet, that in our country as something i'll probably inherited from the soviet times the flight zillow shed, sunk is climb. we have lower self esteem than people in the west. the ship we value ourselves less and be dang the city at was vinegar of absent than via for example, when applying for a job thinking, many lithuanians also work at google up to look, we have many foreign companies. oh, you always assume you don't have the same chances as a frenchman relationship or in italian here and from sarasota. that yes, i see. no go will neg balance austin aged here in vilnius. you don't really feel

a longing for the old soviet era anywhere. reese casa, certain cultural values have been preserved among the older generation. after all, these people spent most of their lives in the social order of that time. but yes, we, however, belong to a generation that grew up. in an independent lithuania, though, we don't mourn values that we don't know yet. we consider ourselves westerners, because we have little in common with the east, with russia memory. yes and leticia decline of judah. ot us vela, we want the thought we are of course the little brothers and sisters of the iis on this. yeah, this is a gift or us the fear in that it wasn't than we want speed along with the other countries by mc. and we are still very young, so to speak or shy, but it means and not to of young thoughts of i'm of a does the die the me, stephan fissile when nicholas got not all most, not normal. this will because of all this integration into the

e. u and nato's. we can feel safe here. you master them, i'm convinced that they will protect our freedom, guaranteed. we must also take care of ourselves on the out so that we can live in peace without children. my how with, ah we have been traveling in the baltic states for 10 days every day, a day of war. lucel, historical versa, due to our last leg of the journey, takes us to western lithuania, to have a status, a village of 500 people on the border with the russian, ex clave of colleen and grad. ah, this is as far as we go. ah

ah! the village border is also the state border of lithuania. lying beyond it is the colleen and ground region, once prussian, with couldn't expect as its capital. after the 2nd world war, the area became soviet. after the fall of the soviet union, it became a russian ex clave surrounded by nato countries. poland and lithuania. on this homestead right next to the border fence, lives 78 year old janina lava chowsky, near her husband and 2 sons have died. one grand daughter lives in israel, another in london. you are nina lava, chaskin ja has lived here since 1963 or did of a surety nip your needles to a vehicle or did a bose sound didn't even get misdeed leduvo. little growth. at that time we were part of the soviet union, ve, i worked over there and

a children's holiday camp. i was responsible for distributing food oboski. i worked as a cook, as the cleaner. i did everything that was necessary is that a bo lead to ashes just an app doth. okay. even when the border came, i still worked on the clinic grad side of good than the fence. went up, got it is almost impossible to get a job here. invested us in the past, it was different. there was a kindergarten post office at holly clinic, a cultural center. now there is nothing and a new golden you bull, but does bubble bullock again nika lou? ah, they did my good. go go it of via t. yes, even look, i am european don't give discussed it, but what kind of european bah, look at me, look at my house. there is no one to renovate it to you. yeah my,

there is no money for that either. those for the heating season mistake gives me 300 euros, but it costs 1000 euros. so i run up debts in the winter, nor then over the summer i pay off the debt. and in the fall, when i have to buy firewood again, i go back into debt because if i spend everything on firewood, there's nothing left over for for medical my, we're good to why you'd never guess. would i get glaze? do they get better? with look, i've suppressed no good. oh joel got leah to what they get ready yet. i got what should i say? do you know that we have an independent lithuanian is good better, but now there is a chance? no, never. it would be better if it didn't exist. that does what done left out the little way yet did the rule were yeah. i wish to not cut out. nubians no,

i can't say anything bad about the russians. good. no, i couldn't even say half a bad word about them it bore get. i bet. garcia, look ours, you know, got it. but this putin as far as nonsense, that nobody wants war, but they didn't get a bull dorsey and noted of our job is so it gets like that. i don't judge you, don't you? lou bought a fool rose crow shoes. sarah. ah, o eco in. they seek leslie, they've poisoned at the festival of goodness, sure to see hundreds of thousands of idols are sunk into the water. but the topsy colors kill fish more and more families the now opportune eco friendly idle

reading a religious tradition and moon by india. in 30 minutes on d w. ah, oh, what people have to say matters to us. ah, that's why we listened to their stories. reporter every weekend upon d w. i, when you were just an architect like go all in or not at all. women in architecture . why are they so invisible to the larger publisher? we decided to ask them in women go up with business models. they can't identify with certain professions about their guiding principles. messes, and what is the poetry? the secret of the houses and i'm homes about their motivations. architecture got

so much to you, it moves you a real goal of architecture is to create habit dead for human, about their struggles and dreams. sponsibility is huge. they have so much to lose. shattering the glass ceiling women in architecture to so this has to be really, really good. start september 30th on d, w. ah, this is d w. news, and these are our top stories written as bid farewell to queen elizabeth the 2nd with a historic stake funeral. hundreds of thousands of people turned out to pay their respects as the host carrying elizabeth coffin made its way to windsor and a private family service. the queen.