we've got some hot tips for your bucket list ah, magic corner, track hot spot for food check and some great cultural memorials to boot w travel off. we go more than half of old people worldwide live in cities, and it's getting hotter than wood. counting green building facades help to keep our cities cool, ornamental fish, and the living room may look nice. but what are the environmental consequences? many people are increasingly exposed to heavy rain and flooding scientists. so now asking why the floods. oh, so destructive with more about all this now on tomorrow to day d. w. science magazine,

an average of 125000000 people worldwide full victim to flood disasters. every year and more than 90 percent of them live in asia, researchers say it's there among major rivers that particularly large numbers of people live in confined spaces. like along the indies where the in pakistan home to millions of people. at 1st, it's banks in september 2022 and the flat destroyed houses, ruined crops, and resulted in death. but can we learn from flood catastrophes by doing research on them? it's only a matter of time before the next flood waters hit somewhere. this was the r valley in western germany and july 2021. $200.00 leaders of rain per square meter fell on to already saturated ground. the massive amount of water destroyed everything in its way taken. the natural disaster ran its course,

but how did it get to that point? did authorities miscalculate the danger? only a few weeks after the disaster and the our valley flood water researchers at the causeway institute of technology published a report which stated that the flood risks were clearly under estimated. oh, come from unknown on time as a video to reflect some of the residents sent me videos. and in one of the videos, you could see the water gushing out of the back of the out in our tunnel behind it . the entire street had been washed away. now there was nothing left i had unwell working on the flood report. we looked at the historical records and there was actually a photograph from the 1910 flood, and i could hardly believe my eyes. it seemed to look identical for things to gloat as of the fact fruit it enters all is 52 people died during the flood of 1910, and that wasn't the 1st time in 18 o 4, it was even worse. back then,

an estimated 1200 cubic meters of water per 2nd raged through the our valley. about the same volume of water as in july of 2021. that's according to the calculations of multiple research teams. neither the historic flooding in 18 o 4 nor later disasters and the early 20th century were taken into account by the flood protection authority. their research was based solely on measurements since 1950 disease toast tonight. these historical events her partly based on estimates. if you don't have any real measured values, so they're incredibly difficult to include in the statistics, you just don't do that in batman, of at least until now, directly after the disaster in the r valley in july of 2021. the environment office in the state of rylon palatinate announced that it would investigate whether or not historical data could be included in future calculations. and sure enough, earlier this year,

the office announced that maps detailing flood risks would be updated to include the additional data. but past floods aren't the only factor to consider. over the decades, the r valley has become more built up. so the flood waters couldn't spread out in the same way. meaning water levels rose a lot higher as this house and down now shows the historic flood level from 18. o 4 is here. in july 2021. the level was much higher. even though experts say it was the same amount of water that flow through the valley. just it's ashley at 2021 was so damaging was mostly due to the buildings now in 18. o. 4. not as many people who lived in the r value to come in. the area was used differently and there were fewer buildings should not swim on basketball. 200 years ago, very few areas along the river bank were completely built up. so the water wasn't hemmed in and 2021, the water had less room and flowed higher. instead that effect was compounded by

drifting debris which blocked up entire bridges. they became like dams, blocking the water with fatal results. professor and nestor, who has rodriguez from the rhine, mind university has used models to simulate what happens during floods. he's convinced that the threat posed by block bridges has been under estimated a film defense or through it would be like me placing a plank across here, water levels and flow rates would change by several 100 percent men. the water would seek a new path and rise to new levels accordingly that these are scenarios that communities may not be prepared for him on the dome, said me for the love scenes that played out in real life in the our valley causing damage. that is still not been fully repaired. so how can people hear, protect themselves in the future, building more permeable, bridges that don't clog as quickly would certainly help. but that alone won't be enough. which houses should be rebuilt and which shouldn't. it's not an easy

decision. is i met a colleague in canada, once connell showed me the flood plans that he was working on, is it involved moving a whole town? 5 kilometers back from the river, kill him in canada. that's no problem because there's lots of space, but it wouldn't be unthinkable. here, one thing is clear, most of the houses in the narrow, our valley are being rebuilt according to preliminary maps of the 9000 houses that were destroyed in 2021. only 34 aren't being replaced. i see it from the viewpoint of a disaster researcher who has lots of experience with natural disasters. line from my point of view of the flood protection measures being taken here are far too weak seat's climb. and it's only a matter of time until the next extreme weather event hits. climate change has increased the threat of devastating floods and the risk is only set to grow. when the next flood comes,

people need an early warning for that lives can at least be saved and the worse damage avoided. in the summer, extreme heat can make life in the city unbearable. over the past 30 years, researchers have looked at air temperatures and humidity in more than 10000 cities around the world. they found that exposure to heat has tripled. something has to be done, but was living in a concrete jungle can feel like being trapped in a waste land, bland, lifeless, and very hot in summer. but this high rise is going to be different. the entire 15 story facade will be covered from top to bottom, with plants,

the projects and downtown munich ames to create green living for more than a 100 people. the greenery will have a cooling effect in the summer months and reduce dust particles in the i. plants that grow 50 meters high, killian lincoln has been planning meticulously to ensure it walks as, as we olivia. but it's definitely achievable. we just have to come up with detailed solutions for that. there are a lot of structural questions and questions about fire safety. them the amount of wind up building can withstand is critical. the conditions you have at certain heights player decides role, but in terms of construction, it's similar to what we have this commercial building and frankfurt is being covered with clematis, japanese such honey. so, oh, and other types of plants. yes. oh it is let them hear of lanfield today. we're covering verizon with greenery. so the construction part of the project is essentially finished and we've reached the point where we can add a bit of life to this building,

give us the most exciting part of the process. after years of work, killian lincoln and his colleagues have identified $300.00 types of plants suited for such projects. depending on a buildings location, answers, soundings. they've also developed various structures to safely attach plants to the facade. hair troughs, affixed to a frame on the wall. the plants are tied in such a way to withstand storms. the trucks hang above each other. that way the plants only have to gray 5 meters high to cover the entire facade. the plants are watered by a trickle irrigation system and a substrate provides them with nutrients. all of this costs money between $500.00 and a 1000 euros per square meter. but kelly and lincoln says it's worth it to finish are all on over as men, like most people, when i need to recharge,

i leave the city and head out into nature. i like to feel see an experienced nature in the temperature is cooler, the air is better for the sake of the feature of our citizen. we must reach the point where we bring nature into our cities and because it is possible vices, mirkwood. the occupants of this building are hoping the greenery will create a cooling effect next summer, when it will look like this. the green walls aren't just that to improve the aesthetics. as plants provide shade and evaporate water, they also call their surroundings a benefit that's particularly important due to urban overheating in this era of global warming. similar efforts are underway in singapore, the architects of theo, asia hotel designed it so the parts could cover the entire facade of the $27.00 story building. the plan is that 25000 square meters of greenery to eventually grow

on its exterior. the facade is already 7 degrees cooler than the surrounding air and $25.00 degrees cooler than nearby buildings. the concept has yet to be used on that scale in germany. but kelly and lincoln and his colleague melon, up, already at work on plans to cover a 60 meter tall building and dusseldorf, song who live at home or for the movies when the building will house apartments, officers and restaurants are off work, living, and leisure activities. all in one space with a bit of added green flag. as nice as that sounds plants of flammable designers have to take into account the increased fire hazard created by covering buildings with greenery. that's why killian lincoln, on his team have to pass fire safety tests. here for example,

the flames might be high, but they don't spread the defect office custom. what we found is that fire only he did this structure a hanging rear ventilated facade to a temperature of $270.00 degrees. that significantly cooler than a building that isn't covered with greenery. the water contained in this structure actually caused the facade of the building of, in other words, it protects the facade from more severe fire. damage on its own, to push the shoots honesty. posada da form stagger them. johnson im green facades could be a model for kula cities in the future. even if it's going to take some time for them to become more widespread. all over the world, people are building for decades, the motor was lost and thought and preferably with concrete. in the meantime,

architects and city plan is have realized that building needs to be sustainable energy efficient and environmentally friendly. so does the use that building living in so called whole apartment is a new conference these pieces of mobile furniture are almost complete. eva maria cooper and my ts virtually sh are moving into their new home in the coming days together with their 2 children. but 1st, they have their work cut out for them. it's also the whole the mobile stairs are needed to reach the upper floor book, but they also serve as a closet. it has their private living quarters will be tiny. so they need to maximize their use of space, the software, but they can't wait to move in. in california, i mean we realized that a hall like this would give us the greatest flexibility and options as the was were freely design our living space as we want. and when you have more freedom,

you come up with really cool ideas. no e lacy. the certainly the 4th at all likely than me ever. and we have everything here. we adults can design our home as we want that handle. but the children also have their ariana's kindergarten. they have their kindergarten here, and their friends are here in the same place. north till it's really get ya. mc apple. the hall measures 275 square meters. a large part of it is still a construction site. various pieces of furniture are in production, some made of bamboo. the space will be home to 11 people. in addition to communal areas like the kitchen and bathroom, they will each have their own private space with the pieces of furniture measure just 9 square meters, and they're on wheels. that does a steven roll called tape them. that's the idea behind these movable spaces. if you want to go over to the other corner, you can just roll over there. it's fun. and each time you move the design of the

room changes, we offer the cloudy, se exalted. there are 8 halls in total located inside this building near zurich. main station, the complex also houses another 50 apartments as well as small businesses, a theater, and a kindergarten. andreea's b letter is overseeing the project. he says the setup also makes sense from an environmental standpoint. as it makes better use of urban space in their morale, it left the call by building upwards also with your furniture, you need less living space per person, per month, per hour, and our per hopes nor any good plots bottle and saving space is the most efficient thing to do if you want to build and live in ways that are green and save resources or sources, bottom green mill bow and on corner. so is this a model for the future? is it common flick from the got leap doot, viola institute,

an independent think tank near zurich, and switzerland says as a real need for creative living solutions. norfolk no, and i have own form and one expert in a lot of demand for new forms of housing and experimental ideas and not enough on offer. not one second hour. now is a pandemic, and many people working from home that the chance that more space will become available in secret. so office areas that are no longer being used to provide space for whole style apartments or other housing experimental should high level warner audit on the phone expert in the session van nicholas alone. it would be nice if he who would like to live this way had the possibility to do, say, to my one, if they weren't just for room apartments on offer, as it's sometimes hard for families lunch from your acre duty. hall apartments are now also available in the swiss city of bam. perhaps it's just a matter of time before the idea catches on elsewhere. coral reefs on whom to thousands of plant and animal species. but their habitat is

under threat. first, because of climate change, the average temperature of the sea water is rising. this can lead to so called coral bleaching, and the death of a really large amounts of fertilizers and the sea water are also a problem. this is because they caused too much energy to grow, which deprives the corals of the life they need to survive. and then there are people who want to have colorful marine fish in their own homes. tropical coral reefs are considered the most diverse ecosystems on the planet that the rain forests of the sea, their inhabitants uniquely beautiful. and that's exactly what's putting that hobbies hat and danger. these tropical fish are being hunted for the trade and decorative aquarium fish swiss to ologist, monica biando from the france. labor foundation for species protection has been

researching the industry for years. did leave and found, he said coralyn fisher, a happy touch of these car fish is as every one knows, extremely endangered. and if the coral reefs disappearing done whole by 3rd has already been destroyed. and yet people are taking millions of fish out of the reefs to be kept on aquariums and health up. they have no idea exactly how many they're taking and what consequences it's having for the reef. it has caught allendale. in 2016, her research took her to su, noisy and indonesia, why she saw people hunting, apprised bon guy, cardinal fish. they live in small groups, seek protection among the corals and plants and are easy to trap in a fishing net. that's time. these called all fish into an endangered species for the community hunting for tropical fish as a welcome source of income. but the consequences for the ecosystem of coral reefs

could be fatal, escaped on pursuit when from iceland, fission is close. been studies done on individual types of fish calling from the cleaner ross as for example, they picked parasites of bigger and smaller fish and seeing that like the housing devices of the revised quote all in that a 5th, when one hop on to school and came after one, there was an experiment where they took out all the cleaner roses expert in, and the health of the coral reef really did break down on a number of species, declined the on every fish in the cover reef plays a role the if it. and so it's important to understand what happens when you remove these fish from the environment. so can boss proceed on monday, sufficient household meet them? lay been found. research shows that between $40.50 coral reef fish and up in aquariums around the world each year. it's a long and often deadly journey that klein efficient starkey hits moll dead fish.

he said as some one fishing on a small scale in the north of barley, i'd say no fish for different species and take them to an intermediary that has all the fisher put into plastic bags and kept to high temperatures. tropical temperatures, lorden is not clear how many thigh in this processor, but the rate is very high. it hawk, when they sit in the city, then they go to the next and amy dri, and so on until they reach the exporter. and only that person knows how many fish are being exported to europe or pot expertise and estimated $4.00 to $5000000.00 tropical fish and up in european aquariums alone each year. some are imported by e fs, a wholesale tropical fish retailer in the southern german city of zona felt. the company receives 2 to 3 shipments a week. that's between $3.50 fish each week, and more than a 100000 each year. these fish and plastic bags have just traveled some 9000 kilometers by plane chef, unquote, se, and his father bound

a pin in the business for more than 30 years. they know all their suppliers personally. that company is one of the biggest tropical fish importers in europe. the sensitive coal refreshed need a lot of care that include specific lighting and their own special water preparation to ensure the new arrivals survive. stefan smote saying, 1st gets them used to the home. made salt water then comes a week and a quarantine tank. it's a lot of work, but business is booming. deborah, gov is an end of a demand has gone up because people want to own marine animals. you home, listen. and the technology and great money to keep them has become a lot simpler and more affordable. i am for her grants to give ordinance stefan schmidt saying is projecting gross if more than 10 percent this year. that would mean e fs will soon be selling half a 1000000 marine animals annually. but buying your own underwater wealth is

anything but cheap. a well filled aquarium can easily cost about the same as a small car. a single fish can cost several 100 years depending on the species origin and its own unique beauty. thus, before you've added the corals and other marine life for your own little slice of the ocean in your living room, those who don't want to pay such a high price come visit the local aquarium. but here to almost all the creatures on display have come from the wild. if an aquarium fish dies, chances are it'll be replaced by one taken from its natural habitat. study show that the uncontrolled catching of fish in the wild is endangering the stock of at least 10 types of coral reef fish expanse lexie. woah. just monica

biando. according for the industry to be regulated, then one vice, the better or to corral. and that if, when you know how endangered to columns resolved, that it really makes no sense for this industry not to be regulated. because we should know where the fish are coming from holland down to the exact location, whether causes regulation of the tropical fish trade in europe, and better control locally where the fish are caught. neither would spell the end of aquariums, but they could help better protect extremely sensitive coral reefs. because without these unique ecosystems, our aquariums will also soon be empty. if i was let is read why i hate to hear the science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on air, we'll send you a little surprise as the thank you. come on. just does

this next question comes from to mary's alvarez rodriguez from brazil. why don't the moon in the sun fall to the earth? gravity pulls us towards the ground. the more mass a body has, the greater its gravitational pool, but the effect decreases with distance. however, gravity can be overcome and a carousel. for example, the faster we spin, the stronger the centrifugal force which counteracts the force of gravity, satellites, and the international space station orbit the earth so fast that the centrifugal force almost completely cancels out the effect of gravity. if the 2 forces are balanced, matter becomes suspended. the celestial bodies within our solar system

are also constantly moving. the planets rotate around the sun if a center, the balance between gravity and centrifugal force keeps them on stable orbits. mm. planet earth hurdles, through space at 30 kilometers a 2nd. at this speed and distance from the sun, the earth moves on a stable orbit in a perfect balance of gravitational pull from the sun and the centrifugal force pushing us outwards. the moon isn't stationary either. it speed stops it from crashing to earth. and the earth's gravity keeps it in orbit. and the sun, with its gravitational force, keeps all the planets of our solar system in orbit and our solar system orbits around the center of the milky way at 220 kilometers per 2nd. nothing in the universe stands still.

that's it for tomorrow to day d w. science shed, be glad you could join us. see again, next week, till then tuesday curious with ah, ah ah ah ah

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