ah, what secrets lie behind these walls? discover new adventures in 360 degrees. and explore fascinating world heritage sites with d w world heritage 360. get the out. now. the human body is truly amazing with all that it's able to do. what can the way we move reveal information about our overall health class could bacteria fe to is provide the answer to antibiotic resistance. and can we repair broken bones even more effectively? we provide the answers here on d. w. science show. welcome to tomorrow today.

ah, many people enjoy listening to music. good hearing can also mean the difference between life and death. but what happens if our hearing becomes impaired? an explosion or injury caused by caution. earbuds, for example, can damage the air drum. this problem effects 13000000 people each year and can result in complete hearing loss. current treatment options are less than ideal, something one team of scientists has set out to change injury to the ear drum caused by illness or an accident can result and hearing loss . many of those affected never make a full recovery. a team of scientists and johnston has been doing research into reconstructing damaged ear drums. and they recently achieved

a medical breakthrough. sometimes a defective ear drum can heal, but that wasn't the case with this patient. so he was given an implant made from his own cartilage these days. it's a standard procedure, isn't comfortable. can you tip your head back a bit? the problem is that an ear drum made purely of grafted cartilage will never be as good as the real thing. but mostly can alter in existence. we have to use cartilage with a certain thickness and stability. i would say quickest that has the disadvantage, that the ear drum doesn't vibrate as well as a natural ear drums of this vision, this complet refund. and that means that not all sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear with now, so even after surgery, oh, hearing can be impaired. that's what i'm headed. given that impaired hearing often effects patients, quality of life, marco snyder decided it wasn't good enough. together with his colleagues at the

dressed and technical university, he's developed an implant that helps restore hearing completely over implant todd, what's different about our implants compared to the current standards of technical implants, is that we've precisely reproduced the natural structure of the ear drum talk. but that's what makes it unique. buffy was on to hide as a medical textiles researcher dilbert, a b boost task was to find the appropriate material. she established that a protein made of silk warm cocoons was most suitable. she then combined it with a biodegradable plastic thomas her is there also the ear drum has a collage in a stretcher? hearns me to put, you know, of i am i a protein was a one component said we wanted the material used for the ear drum to be as similar to that as possible aims of matter. the scientists also wanted to replicate the

structure of the air drum, as well as the material. the team had to figure out how to develop fibers that are both super thin and robust. oh, marlow iran. yeah. as far normally fibers pulled mechanically and wound onto a bobbin, for example vicar. but with spinning fibers, that is super thin in the night. i me to rain so we can't do it mechanically. come on as much out of it. instead they use electro spinning technology. the process involves spinning the mixture of protein and plastic and to find nano fibers. these filaments are produced under high voltage and are deposited on a collector that replicates the shape of the air drum. oh, there's the back of your lungs. i'm like this, it slowly turning white, the out. that means the nano fibers coming off the tube is settling on the collector. if me,

who has after the collect to all the structure gradually emerges on versus both must be ascribed as one. and this is the results of the spinning processes, a very thin elastic membrane, which is robust enough to be used as an implants implants pod, i'm good for them. that's because it resembles the natural ear drum and both material and structure. but doesn't also have the same vibrational properties. the researchers compared their implant with a natural air drum and a standard cartilage implant. to do this, they got all 3 to vibrate. junk, you chun monitors the results on the computer. this shows the reaction of a natural air drummed. it's very different from the reaction of a conventional cartilage implant which is much more rigid with the

new implant. on the other hand, vibrates much more effectively mimicking the function of the original ear drum one to one. it's really true cullman fem hung in from the artificial interim membrane that we've developed. the successfully transmits the sound energy high. that means the patient will be able to hear better alphabet. however, it's likely to be another 5 or 6 years before the dressed and researchers invention can actually be implanted in a patient. oh, we have more than 200 bows and our bodies bear incredibly light and yet also very hard. but they can be broken. children and elderly people are particularly at risk . ready after a break, it's important for the bone to be set back in its original position so that it heals properly. metal plates may be used, screws or a place to cost increase,

such as have now come up with another idea. it's hard to believe that just 3 months ago, marcel ashburn crashed his mountain bike, breaking his hand and neck. at 1st he didn't know that his life was in danger. luckily for him, there was adopt her in his cycling group who took care of him immediately. then he was diagnosed in a clinic the us the also the 1st thing they said to me after the x ray was you'd better not move an inch? you have multiple spinal fractures, crucial orthopedic surgeon, re shout, so lie operated on spawn. during his follow up examination, he recalls how dangerous the situation was. 0 here in blue that you see the bruise here times you see the rupture disks and also at the back the ligaments are affected. the risk is the effect becomes displaced then the spinal cord could be injured as well. alonzo, when you look at the pictures and also the story, as you tell, it will have to say,

you've been very lucky home harbor and i had to operate on marcella. bon, twice, 1st from the front of the neck, and then later, a 2nd time on the back to stabilize the spine from their operations like this are impressive demonstrations of what is possible to day in the treatment of spinal fractures. still, i 1st removed the shattered into vertebral disk and replaced it with a placeholder made of metal, a so called cage. he then reinforced the vertebrae with custom made plates screwed into the bones, wine, and we don't want to remove the disk and haven't compressed because then the nerve endings would be narrowed. instead, we want to maintain high. so that's why we put a placeholder in and stabilize it with the plane to plot. then the doctors operated on marcella bombs left hand to stabilize the fracture. they pushed 2 titanium wires into the meta carpal bone of the little finger. this whole titanium

implants, minimally invasive spinal surgery. today's high tech medicine has saved marcel sh bond from life in a wheel chair. the small scars have healed. wow. but that's not always the case or skip not too much all kinds. of course, there are still limitations. are should for example, they can be implant infections or wound healing disorders, which we still struggled with daily. often i talk. hm. that's why scientists are always looking for new therapies to treat fractures even more efficiently, like mentally, as lent line from the helm, hold center toto. the materials specialist wants to help ensure that in the future, severe committed fractures where whole pieces of bone are missing. can grow together better, and he's doing this with the help of a white foe that stimulate the growth of new bone tissue inside the fracture meant

lines, porous foam consists of gelatin and the amino acid lysine. it would fill the gaps between the broken bones. then cells can migrate into it and begin to form new bone tissue. the foam is a place holder for the newly growing bone wendys of sand or to night when the cells migrate into the gap. so they need an environment that signals that phone should be formed here, no 100. it's about the process. so we need a guide and structure that the cells can crawl along, and which then transmits the by a mechanical information bure mashonda to inform out soon we permitted and lay as landlines foam is supposed to function as a lead compound. indeed, in animal experiments, he and his team have already shown that cells settle in the foam and begin to grow recognizable here as green and blue dots. the fracture closes as new bone tissue grows. the foam dissolves in the process, the snot relish, gospel,

it's obviously something that you work towards for a long time. and then when it works, it's fascinating. urine, because so many different leads had to be realised with his multi functional materially on his yet we are most am clinical trials on human bone fractures will now show whether this new material is tolerable and superior to conventional therapies phones in place of metal plates and screws supported by external splints during the healing process. this is still a vision of the feature. in marcel spans case, his plates will remain in permanently, but he's already very pleased with his treatment. was cancelled on the whole. i think i've been lucky english because of his good medical care teenage for zach. there are many jobs that requires strenuous physical activity, but often it's the same actions being repeated over and over. then there are other

jobs where be hardly move at all. whether it's one sided activity or no activity at all, the result is a loss of bone density. the bone that is rested completely will least 10 to 20 percent of its density in just 2 to 3 months. so our bones need to keep moving the movement, laboratory of the hobbit bosch hospital and stood got mobility researcher launched. speaker wants to record the amount and quality of his patience movement as accurately as possible. pressure sensors and the shoes, measure the load on the soul of the foot. this allows klaus plant on sequence of movements to be mount. he's taken part in the study since the start lunch spigot equipped the pensioner with several dozen sensors and reflectors. he's

investigating whether these precise measurements can be achieved with a single sensor suitable for everyday use for geriatric medicine. specialist claimants, becca mobility is a medical issue that will only grow more important in the future level of irish and does it make sense why within the next 2 or 3 years, we hope to ensure that every new drug is tested to see how it improves mobility. or possibly worsens at others for thought. that something we don't know that was missing vinnish. before measuring lush, be got calibrate the cameras. the rod is studded with reflectors that can be detected by infrared cameras. they'll record close planners, movements to within a few thousands of a millimeter. put a miskin ada. everything's ready. please walk slowly up to the orange cone, and i'll record it with the sensors. lights from it in all of these movement patterns will one day serve as a source of information to determine

a patient's overall state of health. to evaluate the effectiveness of medications and therapy, or to monitor the course of a disease. the cookie gung quality. if we can measure jake quality one, for example, whether someone walks unevenly involving what we call gate variability on location, or if someone lamps to possibly spare their joint delinkum. okay, so that's extremely important with osteoarthritis or if someone's had a bone fracture, exclaimed british shopping in the scientists have already succeeded in capturing a person's complex movements with a single sensor. this allows them to collect movement data from patients or to subjects like cloud brianna for days on end during their daily lives. did be v garnished in either any exercise is actually to be all and end all in old age. all we know that it has a significant influence on neural or brain function,

and you feel better safe bristle suck. every runner says, sir endorphins. you feel happier when you do something? that's why i was very happy to take part of the say, again, the media mot. these events or not layman's lanka, and louse, shrink out to examine the data. the sensor has collected over the course of a week. it has recorded movement and all 3 spatial axes. and save the motion curves algorithms developed specifically for this data, identify important information in it. among other things about the pace, quantity, variation, length and symmetry of the strain pattern. if, when and for how long the patient won't cycled or climb stairs during the day, all of that is documented. the quality of movement or any impairments and mobility

are also recorded. i don't see an international consortium. it's conducting research as part of the pioneering mobilized d project. the mobility data should ain't the development of new therapies and medicines for an aging society. the business men traditional. we know that people who walk faster than 1.2 meters per 2nd have extremely good chances of survival even shawls. mm hm. that the stark image is the grim reaper stays well behind. becky doesn't come any closer. yeah. it isn't. if we know that people who walk slower from 0.7 to 0.8 meters per 2nd, just manage to keep their distance from him government or not but walk any slower and the reaper comes closer and closer. and that's often more important than collector. all or blood pressure levels, they're huge data sets showing that good music is so exercise is incredibly important to be was all going obviously. so the lesson is keep moving, preferably as fast as these gentlemen here. drug

resistant organisms, when no antibiotic will work, i'll becoming a growing problem. in 2019 over a 1000000 people died worldwide from infections that couldn't be treated. studies show it's a huge problem. certain viruses can help fight bacteria, so called bacteria phases have been used in georgia for the past 100 years. but there are no reliable studies to show whether they're truly safe with antibiotic resistance on the rise. intensive reset interface is, is now underway around the world. this is what an alternative to antibiotics looks like. bacterial faces. they're highly specialized viruses and the natural enemy of bacteria. that's why neurologists thomas kessler has been interested in phases for a long time. the goals for thought for the big advantage of

a cheerio pledges has is that they can be used to target specific strains of bacteria. the way they kill least targeted bacteria is just like a key that fits in a keyhole long said basil. and loosely off from cliffs law, the bacterial phage is only target certain bacteria, the phage docs itself onto the cell wall of the bacteria, and then injects them with its genetic material. that causes the bacteria to replicate new features. the new age is cause the bacteria to produce an enzyme which dissolves the cell walls of the bacteria. the bacteria then destroys itself. the phases that are released can infect other bacteria. the special thing about the phases is that each one is only a active on specific strains of bacteria. o tbilisi, the capital of georgia. yeah, there's

a place here where failures have been used to battle bacteria for decades. here at the elliot institute, patients come every day to get bacterial ages to fight infections of the bladder or wounds. that won't heal, groundbreaking. first, they take a swab. the bacteria are then cultivated in a petri dish to identify the germs causing the infection. the bacteria, if ages the institutes precious treasure, or captain refrigerators, each type is tested for which bacteria they kill. these phage is formed the basis of the production of our medicine that we sell in a standardized fashion. usually it's a mixture of different phage is 1st and fog. that way we raise the level of effectiveness with a simple test on the cultivated bacteria shows which phage

cocktail is most effective in fighting the patients infection. fades therapy is part of george as basic health care system. the institute has developed several standard fates, cocktails, you can get them in any pharmacy. and the pages also have another great advantage to building every chicago. one like antibiotics ages only destroy the bad bacteria in the organism. bacteria useful bacteria, aunt affected helium. antibiotics kill both the bad and the good bacteria about daily. and that's the clear advantage of phage is shanpa. she pockets back to switzerland and thomas kessler. he's been keeping tabs on developments in georgia for a long time with great interest. he's been de tbilisi, where he conducted a study on urinary tract infections. for the 1st time,

thomas kessler also used such pages here in switzerland, in an experimental trial. namely, with jacqueline mer, camper, balsam, pulling off on 5 consecutive days, the faces were flushed into her bladder via a catheter. so then he style kate's. if he gone during those 5 days, the entire feeling in my body changed. it was them into i was out of the infection mode mom. you know, the period where the body is only fighting off illness and thought it was a wonderful feeling that finally things would be different. the see shows on play holder. no 100 bucks. but in spite of the pages, the infection returned to it will kill me going to forward as we're assuming that the bacteria of ages were not able to kill off all the bag material that were present. so other bacteria were able to keep on growing. and the symptoms came back all his him told me the toll causing to stop that from happening again. thomas

kessler is working with microbiologist at martine listener to make the phage is even stronger. the pages will be engineered in the lab so that their effective against a broader range of bacteria, monday data interest as the idea behind it is that we modify the bacteria failures so that they can attack and kill the problem germs effectively. and through additional information, they can even eliminate a neutralize other bacteria that are often present in these infections. healey mean, even when noiseless young, couldn't. the genetically modified figures should also stimulate the bodies own immune defenses. many of the pages are currently being developed in the laboratory . the 1st test on humans are scheduled to start at the end of the year. and blood vince is cling with if we succeed. so lizzy bacteria. phage therapy will be a revolution on, not only on the treatment of urinary tract infections, but also in the treatment of other infections that i caused by bacteria,

especially in the context of multi resistance. but jones, in rama fort moore, the physician, and the crime, the researchers hoped to have conclusive results in about 5 years. if i'm a blood is read why i gave you a now over to you. do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on air, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on. just ask. and don't forget to check out our website. oh, look us up on twitter. and now to this week's question from rodrigo, mankato in ecuador does water drain in opposite directions in the northern and southern hemisphere. it's certainly the case with tornadoes and hurricanes. the massive air vortices rotate in one direction in the north and the opposite direction in the south. this is due to what's known as the cory. all this force

our planet is constantly rotating. everything on its surface is moving to, but at different rates. it's like a ferris wheel sitting in a gondola far away from the central axis. you would move faster than someone sitting at the wheel center. equally, some one that the earth's poles is effectively spinning on the spot. this variation and speed also affects the oceans that cover our earth and the atmosphere that surrounds them. and as a result, winds blowing from the equator in a northerly direction are deflected eastwards, while winds blowing to the south flow in the opposite direction. this means the air flows and the 2 hemispheres of our planet effectively mirror

each other. the corey, all his effect means typhoons and hurricanes, always turn in the same direction. in the northern hemisphere, they rotate counterclockwise. all in the south, they turn clockwise hurricanes can be up to 2000 kilometers in size. the flow of water in our bath tub is tiny by comparison, too small to be affected by the korean less force. here, other factors come into play. how symmetrical is the bathtub? how does the water move once the tap has been turned off, and in which direction is the planck pulled out? it's these more random factors that caused the water to drain and varying directions. and they apply equally and both in north and the south.

that's all for this week. thanks for joining us on tomorrow to day. see you next time with ah, with

a beginning of a story that moves us and takes us along for the ride. it's all about the perspective culture information is d, w a d w, made for mines. right. how does the nation defined

a question of the most in the former soviet day, the war in ukraine has given us a new urgency, a report, questions? what's behind the bass all over national identity, close up. ah 90 minutes on d. w. oh, no. has no limit, love is for everybody. love is life. a love matters and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn sharma. and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that more divides and deny that

this i have invited many deer and, well i guess, and i would like to invite you to and then sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow, we're bringing environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for free. with

this is dw news coming to you live from berlin. it's the final day of russia, so called referendums in ukraine. voting continues and for regions likely to be annexed by moscow. key in its allies have denounced the boat as a sham and say they won't recognize the results. also coming up the iranians to pi a growing government crackdown to hold an 11th night of protests, sparked by the death of a woman arrested by the morality police. and scientists celebrate after passing their 1st planetary defense at nasa.