ah ah ah ah, this is debbie news live from berlin, ukrainian forces achieve their biggest breakthrough in the south of their country since the war began. they've been pressing their offensive in the southern region of cassandra. one of 4 regents that moscow illegally annexed last week following a sham referendum fact by the kremlin. also coming up brazil's presidential

election heads were run off. neither of the 2 leading candidates received a majority in sunday's 1st round. and the nobel prize. the medicine goes to swedish scientists, sanchez table. he receives the honor for discoveries in the dna of extinct creatures and for his research into human evolution. ah and we will craft welcome to the program. reports suggest that ukrainian forces have recapture territory in the south of the country. it's their biggest breakthrough there since the start of the war. russia installed officials have acknowledged ukraine's advances in the headstone region when a 4 that russia illegally annexed last week. photo shared on social media appear to show soldiers raising the ukrainian flag and several villages. on verified reports

suggest ukrainian troops have advanced as much as 40 kilometers in a single day. our corresponded economy told us more about ukraine's offensive in the south. it does seem like after months where there was a lot of talk about had a song and where this was busy, it turned out to be a distraction tactic when actually crane was making it advanced in the east. they had to keep and basically just doing it, doing some incremental change incremental movements if i saw that this is now really getting going. you crazy forces not only heading towards castle from the west, but also from the north and the russians already exposed. there they on the west bank of the d, pro river is really, really wide river. it is at its widest at that point. and ukraine's it been able to base to destroy all the crossings. and now rushers depend on pontoon bridges and air transit to get supplies that garrison there. so they're very, very bundle. and there's a sense that you, ukraine is now really reaping the rewards of months of fairly kind of low level and kind of mythological work. it's trying to just destroy russian supply lines,

russian, alms depots, and now those russian soldiers are really suffering from basically kind of starvation over. i mean, is there really you have to think 3 times about using all kinds of weapon systems and not really able to respond in kind to the kind of barriers that coming up to coming up against from the ukrainians now. yet, moving into wisconsin, that is all sounds very impressive, but there is no doubt been heavy costs in both terms of both human life and material for the ukrainian forces. what can you tell us about those losses and what might that mean or their advance? well that's the thing, the ukraine military keeps a very tight laid on all these kinds of stats and even in terms of lives lost earlier on the conflict, let alone material and kind of weapon systems. i think the important thing to bear in mind though, is that it does seem like those western weapons deliveries are getting here in time and increasingly in larger volumes or shorter time frame. them was a big case, the beginning of the war. and we're, we're seeing that those high mar systems,

rocket authors, systems that have been so crucial to ukraine's ability to destroy russian logistics by the front lines. they are still operating near the russian media has supposedly stories about just the destruction, the systems, time and time again. but here we see that they are still operating, that those stories are not true. and in terms of, you know, boots on the ground, there is no shortage in this country. people willing to fight. you remember those pictures from the early days, the war when it huge cues outside of the miniature recruiting offices. and that is still largely the case. what ukraine needs are, weapons and more complex weapon systems, missile systems that can reach targets further away from their positions. but in terms of the kind of equipment on the level and the kind of complexity we have so far, it doesn't seem like they are currently in difficult situation. that's everything on the conventional side of the war. but the shadow of the russian nuclear threat is of course, ever present. how seriously are people where you are taking that i

think for the longest time, this was kind of not taken seriously, was deemed to be just an empty threat coming from russian attempt to kind of pop the stakes. rhetorically, in it kind of time where we're seeing russian conventional forces lose time and time again on the battlefield. an attempt to maybe scare less the ukrainians who already dealing with russia. but maybe the european countries did ascending supplies towards ukraine and new people, which is discounting this. the most part, i think one thing that has made will think have been statements in recent days by retired talk us generals, and betray us. we had from been hodges and they were basically kind of giving some detail what they would expect. the u. s. results to be if nuclear weapons were used, they were, they were very clear. say they were speaking in a personal capacity. they hadn't been told to do so, but the fact that we've seen these 2, general se valley kind of similar things in give one of detail has raised questions here and key of whether there is a kind of signal being sent to moscow indirectly by these retired figures and you have had reports,

people here trying to find out what to do if nuclear weapons used what kind of strategies to employ, what kind of id, tablets rather kind of measures could help them. so there is a sense that this is a real possibility, but it's not changing behave does no sense. the ukraine is now suddenly thinking about coming to table and kind of giving in to russian demands to avoid this. but it is certainly something it is gonna be a foreign people's minds right now at a time where things already not looking good for that inclusion. we'll have more on that response to the nuclear threats later. but for now we'll leave it there with you. did of you course on nick connelly and keith, thanks very much. brazil's presidential, i shall be settled in a 2nd round of voting on october 30th. the former president left his new his anacio lula da silva, took 48 percent of the vote, while the incumbent president, right wing populace geral scenario received and unexpectedly strong. 43 percent. the tight race means voters now face a tense, ran off rallying for 2 very different kinds of brazil. 6 6

the mood is festive despite an unexpectedly tight race. many hope a change in leadership will bring about an end to economic hardship. ok, but as you, why am i celebrating here? because jesse is experiencing difficult times for 4 years, he has had to guffman that has been left to people. that isn't gift for the people . his supporters of left wing candidate and former president lula hope he will make good on a campaign promise to address socio economic inequalities, as well as stim and alarming increase in deforestation. was it okay cool. you know that the economy is not good, that your quality of life isn't good, that the job market isn't good so that the health system isn't good. we want to make our country better again. loser is remembered by some of the economic prosperity during his presidency. but supporters of both scenarios also recall lewis conviction on corruption charges a judgement later overturned. oh yeah,

i think there's a thickened down and we must look like, well then it will be the truth against the life. dale, wisconsin, i go, god against corruption. i live here now did freedom of thought to nato against the censorship of lula less worth. both scenario has outperformed poles despite being blamed for economic decline during his term was a lie. he also faced criticism for miss handling the pandemic. but the level of support for his conservative brand of god, country and family politics is still high. mother them of i me today we overcame the light of a lot of it putting institute predictive something around 50 percent and 30 percent . we overcame that light. we have a 2nd round of voting. there will be a level playing field for both sides. well, the 2 candidates will now face each other in

a runoff on the 30th of october. and turning now to some other stories making news around the world. u. s. president joe biden has arrived in puerto rico, his 1st visit since hurricane fiona devastated the island last month. over $100000.00 people are still without power. after fiona caused catastrophic flooding and landslides biden has pledged not to abandon the island territory as it rebuilds after its 2nd major hurricane. in 5 years. in indonesia, a police chief has been fired, and 9 officer suspended after a weekend stampede. at a football stadium left a 125 people dead. a spokesman said melange cities head of police has been replaced as part of an inquiry into the tragedy. dozens more officers are being investigated for unethical behavior. at least 20 people, including senior regional officials,

have been killed in 2 car bombings in the capital of some aaliyah's, iran region extremist rebel group. archibald has claimed responsibility for the attack on local government headquarters. they ron region has been the center of a recent mobilization against the rebels. britton's finance minister, the chancellor of exchequer, quasi quoting, has purged, quote, no more distractions. in an address to conservative party members, the promise is a response to the government. dropping his plans to slash the top tax rate that led to financial chaos. british pound and stock market rallied following the you turn iran supreme leader ayatollah ali for many as accused united states and israel of fermenting. oh, the wave of nationwide unrest sparked by the death of mazda meaning the 22 year old domini, died last month after being arrested by iran's morality police for allegedly violating the countries conservative dress code activist say the government crackdown on

demonstrations as killed at least 52 people did on supreme dieter, i had to learn how many has broken silence on the protests that have rocked. they slimy country, he caused the death of martha, many tragic but thief. the demonstrations are not an organic grassroots movement and he is fully backing the security forces had been debbie said o act, madame, who did the plan and for the protests, i say it is clear that the planning was done by america, the fake zionist regime and their followers that don't, boler oil, not despite the violent crack down the protests, i'm not dying down, did i report the student sticking to the streets in video cities? this video shows security forces dispersing a crowd outside the university and dead on the demonstration for all to spread to

many parts of the white. like here in istanbul, turkey with its big community of excite it on him. the money bashing beneatha will not forgive hon. not forget the job, i want the whole world to hear from us here. we do not want in the slimy government . we do not want marolla to police, shot him death to how many, that many. we couldn't go my to, we are on because the earth dos. so we came here to show or power because you know, this movie don't want to slummy republic of iraq. we just want freedom. iran in it on the protested, continue to challenge the heartland. government with many demanding an end of the more than 4 decades long islamic road suite. a scientist spies, yet able, has won the nobel prize in medicine. he was honored for his work sequencing the genome of the neanderthal. an extinct species closely related to modern humans that

to unlock the secrets of the neanderthal pe boat did what some scientists thought was impossible. recovering dna from bones 40000 years old. what makes us unique as humans? what distinguishes us from other extinct human species? and what we have in common swedish paleo geneticist, sponge people has been asking these questions for decades. what my own group and i biggest interest is actually to start to the genetic differences between present a people and our closest relatives. and now they're called particular genetic changes that exist in everybody to day are almost everybody. and then that may be important for why modern you must became so note new, morose, foreign, big society, and so on. table accomplished what was previously thought impossible. using bone fragments he isolated,

sequenced and analyzed dna from early humans such as neanderthals. genetic material, this old is usually only available in fragments. if at all. in the announcement the nobel committee in particular honored those methods which enabled him to analyze early human genes. paper was able to show that bone fragments discovered in southern siberia belong to a previously unknown archaic human species. the denise of ons. he also showed that homo sapiens interbred with them as did other early humans. and he specified when and where this happened. neanderthal and denise of on genes are still present in our genome to day. the nobel committee announced their decision to the swede at his home in leipzig. this is where he has worked for over 20 years as director of the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology. finally, a reminder of the top story we're following for you. the cranium forces are reported to be recapturing territory in the south of their country. that would make

it their biggest breakthrough since the start of the war. an official installed by russia acknowledged that ukraine has made advances in the headstone region. one of 4 that russia illegally annexed last week. why would crop that is all for me, but don't go anywhere because next up, if business news with the very talented rob watts don't go anywhere, want to stay tuned for that. remember, always get the latest at d, w dot com and on twitter and instagram at u. w. news. they, with people in trucks injured when trying to free the city center. more and more refugees are being turned away at the border. families please, on the taxi syria.