now, today, the nobel committee announced their decision to the swede at his home in leipzig. this is where he has worked for over 20 years as director of the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology. and here's a quick reminder of the top new story at this hour. japan's prime minister as condemned north korea's launch of the ballistic missile that flew over japan. as an outrageous act, the launch set off emergency warning systems in japan's north. a ride you're up to date, been to june will be up in just a few hours time with more news for you. i'm here in tilton, thanks for watching. oh, how did she become an adult? hitler's favorite director. and how did he become a forgotten film? pioneer linearly finch died and on ode funk

a documentary about love seduction and power ice. cold passion starts october 8th on d. w. for ethan on you is a well have never seen her overrun with bizarre creatures that live on and in. if sleep, part of your body is an animal. it's on your face, and we don't know very much about it yet. they are affecting us in ways with imagined. but now, for the 1st time, we can explore his unknown. well, if we got rid of all the microbes on us and inside us, we would die. you and then each and every one of us is a collection of different my phones. the call us hi. this is life. are

you. i'm lucy, not you. you to an astounding re us my phones. 2 some creatures hide inside to bounce. this proceed view from you. i browse their gardens fondue feet. alien tribes inhabit the jungle of your hair. tiny might banner into your face. ah. and you host more bacteria than there is any way you and your box foreman with life. in fact,

bugs are us. where every day these typical family is home to a 100 trillion hitchhikers. on this skin, and inside their body. these invisible colonizers keep them healthy. sometimes make them i with even influenced their behavior. stop fighting yet. until recently, we understood very little about how microscopic residents germs have a bad reputation. we think of them is the cause of disease. but paradoxically, we couldn't survive without them. bacteria are bad, their cans are bad, all this stuff growing on me as bad, but just new kid in a majority. guys,

organisms actually good for us. they are assisting us. they're not now enemies. obsession with bad bugs. left us blind to the quote. but now genetic allow us to see what we've been missing. molecular tools, sequencing dna have allowed us to get a true picture of what organisms are there. and as a far richer picture, than we had previously appreciated via altering microorganisms. by decoding the genes as these microscopic creatures, we can reveal a new micro veal world. the genetic tools are kinda like the new telescope. think of it as a geographer. that might have just been studying the fields around neu, their whole career. and then somebody says, all, by the way, we just discovered the americas and australia and nobody'd ever heard of it before . for the 1st time, we can see the, my groups at leap on us. and inside us,

it's a bit like a gold rush at the moment. it really is a very, it's rolling bag. scientists have embarked on a journey into the unexplored world of our own body. they are discovering how we are shaped and kept alive by the bugs that live on us. mm hm. as the crust covers planet, the skin covers the body and impermeable barrier between us and invading gen. wow. but we only realize just how important it is when it's compromised. i see people's lives changed in an instant on a daily basis. the owner would is a world leading burn specialist. her struggle to save lives is all about beating pathogens the microbes that cause infections. we have bacteria and pathogens all

over is all the time. when you have a breeching new skin, there's a way and that way in is going to be there until we seal the wound. so the longer the wound is, is open. the greater the risk of getting infected. so what we want to do is close that surface, seal the surface of the wind as quickly as possible, while the waves of infection keep coming over. if you waterproof, you will survive. and central to that survival is the layer of my groups that live on our skin, like the atmosphere that protects our planet, al my crypt for me shield against alien invaders. if some pathogen arrives on your skin, it's not your immune system that rises up to greet. the 1st thing that greets it is this microbial layer and this, this harry, invisible cloak. but we're to these box come from

sizing newcomb mm. is that the baby? the womb is, is so the treat world. what outside, with an army of microbes awaits its arrival. ah, me, you're born. you're colonized of your mother's micros. until then you can be called a 100 percent human. but after that moment, you're really just 10 percent human and 90 percent micros, which is

a scientist is very, very exciting. but as a parent is terra farm. ah. oh. to what's the of pregnancy? the bacteria that lives in the mother's gut migrate the vagina ready for the baby to pick them up as it slides through the birth canal with her being covered in the journal, microbes may not seeing much of the treat, but it's a gift that last the lifetime these bags not only protect us from infections, they're essential for our overall health. they also have an important role in regulating the immune system. the immune system never rests. it's cells constantly patrol now bodies to eliminate pathogens. but this

palla can also be dangerous. it can potentially damage your own tissues and therefore it must be controlled, it must be turned down, it must be regulated. the immune system has an internal police force, keeping it under constant surveillance. if you don't have a properly regulated immune system, it becomes trigger happy. it's attacking people's brains is attacking people's joints and giving them arthritis or it's attacking the contents of the gas. and then you have inflammatory bowel disease or it's attacking trivial quantities of pollen, all dog dandruff or whatever in the air. and that gives you allergic airway disorders . and what keeps our immune system in chick is al microbes. so if you have that organism in the god, you have mo, mo, policemen, more regulation, more control of the immune system. so it doesn't get trigger happy and do crazy things. the supply of these microbial regulators doesn't stop at beth.

the mother continues to deliver hundreds of species of bacteria in her breast milk . and it's only very recently that it's become clear that breastmilk comes with a whole sweet microbes that have moved up through the mother's body through the lamp, end of the mill, in calm as part of what goes into the baby with the breast milk. breastmilk also contains sugars that the infant can't digest these like fertilizer for the baby is rapidly developing. got flora in the breast. milk becomes as really amazing example of the way in which our bodies actually evolved to help these microbes to the next generation. by the time a child is 2 and a half, it will have to been a fully mature microscopy community. collectively then, honest, i'm micro biome, there is much a part of us as any of our own organs. every one of us is

a finely tuned society of many different life forms, relying on one another for survival, but burnt just beginning to discover new species. in the most unexpected places, this little dog could determine your health ah ah, some between the mystery. but we know much about the body parts at the body elite others. i tried some a hot dye and exposed to light

clear with a different cooling ah ah, and just isn't on the human body to life, adapt to the environment. i started working tropical forests and every process i could study and tropical forest is happening in my body in your body, right? ah, yes, species that are plants get species that eat those plants and you have species that eat those species. you're species that are predators? yes, dishes that are parasites, there's active competition just the way the tree roots grow against tree roots or ant colonies grow against colonies. that same thing is happening. ah,

no tons. background inequality repeat him well for an explanation to want a damn pit armpits. this weird thing, so why does it have hair? why does it smell funny when an earth is going on with that is it's a pretty specialized environment. it has high humidity levels and there's human apron, glands, and these are glands that don't really produce sweat. they produce what i and other people think. it's actually a food for microbes. it is an odorless food and is released an incredible density out of your arm. pet armpits ended up themselves. have no order. your hair has no order. most of your body has no ord odor. those orders are all microbial bacteria thrive from the perspiration. released by r 8,

the green gland. but they aren't active until we wake puberty, which is by babies smell fleet, teenagers down the why are we feeding my credit in our own pits? we have here. we have parts of answers and other species. beamers are the same glands that kind of go across the chest. and in that case, the lemur seem to use them for identifying each other. are you my cousin or not my cousin? mauricio to help the lima to determine if a prospective partner is too closely related. sexual attraction is literally about chemistry. other mammals don't had their glands in their own pit. their around their amos and sexual organs. it looks like as we started to stand up more and as we're interacting with each other like this,

that if we were going to sniff each other, the hair and the smell had to move off. many on pits have a major influence on how the date it switches muscles or became east that brings men and women together. it's the smell about personal. wow. bacteria strive in every nook and cranny of your body. and one of the richest ecosystems is your navel. it's a tiny crater the school that we carry through life and we barely give a thought to it. but the scientists at the north carolina museum of natural sciences, the navel is a place of infinite mystery. this is the home of the belly button bio

diversity project. hundreds of volunteers have been recruited to toil a cotton swab in the belly button to help to find new species. by the power of our research come from the fact that it will be able to sample so many different citizens as scientists. and you kind of can't harness that power unless people are engaged in the project. welcome to the daily planet theater. this ryan mellow glo bills himself is a microbiology comedian. we'll be talking about some citizen science projects and about the light that lives on us will be talking about tiny life, which is really fascinating and infectious disease walked into a bar. the bartender says we'd all serve infectious diseases. this bar the infectious disease as well. you're not a very good host. i can make you laugh. maybe that'll make you more open mind into the subject, and maybe don't make it more memorable. and we want you to take the thrive and be really careful. i'm just listen to that lift. that is nice and good. and micros out

. yes. well that's happening. you're actually getting individual living organisms on the belly button is calling with life is protected from the chemical warfare of soap. and it's usually covered up from the ravages of wither only live, which makes it a prime can. and the discovery of new species for one person was carrying a form of a cake life only ever seen before in the most extreme environment on a in deep ocean. what's interesting is that if we look at bacterial diversity in the human belly button, we have a huge amount of variations. you know, among 60 individuals, there was not one species of bacteria that was found in all 60 of those individuals

. micah with no patterns, fingerprints and the dna, the wildlife, you know, belly button easy, it's all my copious signature but it's in a constant state of flux. the places we go, the food we eat, the people money. they all affect our micro vio, jungle. so far, the north carolina team has identified $2300.00 bacteria that 4 times the diversity of all bird species in north america. and this abundant harvest has come from just 60 belly buttons. some people have hundreds of species living in their belly button. some people have as few as sick species living in their belly button and having fewer species on is associated with poor health outcomes.

just as we made bio diversity to support life owners, we need a variety of micro organisms to god the health of our human. he crises, timms on each square centimeter uschi. they're moving a 1000000000 bacteria for then it's a land of abandon. plenty of seats. nice. you see 30240000 did skin cells our that's 2 kilograms in a year. part of what they're consuming is our dead skin are dead bits. and so there's some decomposition happening there. they're, they're at war with each other. and so even our good bacteria are actively fighting each other, producing antibiotics. they're all trying to win. none of them want to just be confined or armpit right each and every species. they would all benefit if they could colonize us from head to toe. one of our microscopic residents engaged in

chemical warfare is priscilla's septimus. they patrol the skin, looking for funky to attack without n, we'd wake up coffee taking mold other microwaves. like statler, caucus epidermis, colonise asking in numbers so vast that there is little room for invading rivals. but the true power bacteria comes when they act together and dis, coordination requires a special language their genes or encoding proteins that are allowing them to talk with each other and to detect each other and to control each other's growth and basically to allow other bacteria that are more beneficial or less competitive with them, you know, to grow and greater abundant. by tapping into a cell to cell network. microbes conspire with their own species and build alliances without the bacteria to outsmart invaders.

bacteria the most successful organisms on it. and part of their success is that they're able to steal the genes they need to adapt and thrive. they're able to change their genome very easily. and so this is why it's really important to say the bacteria that grow on and with us and in us to understand in a sense like what is the stable state. because when a pathogen emerges, it's often, you know, one of these typical bacteria that have co love with us and have been not a problem until who they picked out. something perhaps from a virus friend from another bacterium who knows what. and now they just changed the game. this genetic flexibility can transform how harmless microbes from dose i'll skin graces into vicious killers. i suddenly felt very ill. and i went to the, the gentleman's toilet. and basically i collapsed on the floor. but how can a tiny bacteria destroy a healthy body in just a few hours?

for andrew ferguson, a visit to an alpine resort, became a life and death struggle with a rogue pathogen. i was vomiting and had blood coming out of my mouth in. i was in all sorts of strange places on arrival. and who had a quick sweet midnight help who completely unaware that it may ask him that you had already entered his body. the bug was trapped be bog, actually got in through a couch on the leg. and i was having a raw gauze attack were effectually where the body gets overwhelmed by bugs. and you go into a constant shaking. and i ended up pat darmesh cotton kitchen hospital over the next 12 hours, i must have had every test known to mat. they just didn't, they walk the problem was eventually after taking blood couches, they discovered that i had a structure called b infection. and then over

a period of 3 days, i was given increasing dosages of different types of penicillin. but nothing was working. it's like being in a canoe and going down the niagara river. if we're in it early enough, someone can rescue us. but if we're far enough down that river, eventually nothing is going to help us. and unfortunately, that's the situation we have with these invasive infections. where at the very last moment we have to get a surgeon to get in and remove that destroyed tissue. the surgeon said, we're probably gonna have to advertise the leg. the infection is spreading in the main r 3. and if we don't get it, it's going to go to your heart and you will be dead. i remember saying to the surgeon as i went into that operating theatre i can do without a leg, though i certainly can't do without my life. flesh eating disease is an infection

that literally eats its way through the layers of tissue that surrounds the muscles . and it's fast, he can cause death within 12 hours, it can spread amazingly quickly. sometimes we can even see it before our very eyes . this bug needs serious vigilance. 160000 people are killed worldwide by this material on slow it. every year. i still have my leg, i'm, as you will see on actually still have it the aftermath of all of this is a, i have to take care of penicillin twice a day. and that has its implications as well. because unfortunately, over use of penicillin tends to cause some killing off the good bugs that sit in the gut. and then i, i ended up with other complications as a result of that. these are dreadful infections to go from that perfectly healthy person, one day to dying,

or only being saved by very aggressive surgery is an indication of these bacterias are potential for harm to us. but what could turn straight to cook is usually no more dangerous than a sore throat. into such an aggressive killer. micro biologist, professor mac walker was intrigued by the mystery. it was quite a surprise that being quite light levels of very advise of diseases caused by this bug. with some ingenious genetic detective work, professor woke, attract the origin of the deadly disease in the midnight idea in the rocky mountain region of the u. s. there was an outbreak co, some flesh eating disease, caused by strapped a caucus. this outbreak was investigated. and what was found was that a new group i struck the caucus had come on to the say,

which was more virulent and better able to cause, advise of disease. this virulence was caused by a virus called bacteria sash, which invaded the strength and modified its dna. it inserts its genetic information into the bacteria, and that's the reprogramming that takes place when a bacteria fire infects a bacteria. luckily, the chance of catching such serious invasive infection is still small usually where able to live with these bacteria within out thrived or on our skin without getting disease. so people should not a are freaked out on the next time that have a sore throat. because that's just a normal event and our immune system is able to deal with a very adequate light blue. ready must have to wildlife on our bodies is hum,

asked if we might be horrified to discover what they get up to meet the tiny parasitic mighty god dammit x. me. he takes up residence in your eyelashes borrowing head 1st into your paws there this long sort of narrow things. they come out at night when you're sleeping. come out on your face and have have saxon and crawl back into the pores. it's an animal, it's on your face, and we don't know very much about it, that that's enough for me. rob dunn's make your might project is trying to shed light on one of our most overlooked hang is on. we can ask questions like, how do the mites and one human population relate to those another human population . pacific islanders, they have different might species as a function of the relatively long isolation from, from other people's, ah, aboriginal peoples of australia. what did their mites look like?

how these might change as our faces have changed? it's super exciting. people get to see whether or not they have might, people get to see what their look like. let's take a glass of ice because they're going to try to get and you're sort of t though, and one of you live in the mites offering. well, you know, i don't think so because i think they like to cling to deep inside the pores on your feet. it's always good to know they're clinging directly on. i think they like to live in the oil in the basic plan. so it feels like good oil out here come and in the eat boil from our pores, you're probably also eaten microbes. they probably have a pretty specific suite of microbes in their guts, which are sort of just, you know, little hints about what's going on there. as it turned out, bryan's face might have made a significant contribution to science. this is the 1st time lights have ever been filmed. giving that they too, i pulled up my fit. my. the truth is,

is you're not really separate from the spreaders. like who you are as defined by your interactions with other speech, what would we be without them yet? what will we be without them and who are we when we have bad species? and so, for example, to take a really extreme example, i talked to plasma. gandhi, i said, this is protest that gets into the brain when it gets new, our brain, it changes what happens in our brain, toxic plasma. gandhi, i was a cunning parasite. it's a real life, some be bug, and it's on masking. is one of the strangest stories in science. you ah, newly suit respecting now skis, well clear. if anything, mills like a cat. but the mice infected with a zombie. bog. cats on like a magnet mice, pickup talks of plasma from soil, but to reproduce. the parasite has to find its way into the intestines of

a cat. and the best way to made up with a cat is to alter the mouse's natural fear and make feelings fatally attractive. ah, the brain was right, it is now easy prey. but it took to plasma fits the real winner here. once he side, the cat he can reproduce ah, the trail of the zombie bug led to prague and one of the world's oldest university . professor yars laugh lager is a renowned specialist in the study of parasites. by a complete coincidence, just as he was looking for a new subject to study,

he was tested for talks of plasma and the result was positive. i was not very happy to be infected by some are as i am, but so in the same time it was very interesting. i mean, this idea that it can explain of some behavioral pattern of me. normally, flacco is a cautious person, but he began to exhibit some very risky, hammonds, not unlike a mouse who is attracted to cats. for example, i'm not to marry a frightened situation when i should be afraid. it's so very strange behavior. enough for example, i was in coffee stung, and there was a lot of shooting around and i was quite calm and it's not the only situation or so my startle reactions are. little bit unusual when somebody hit

the horn behind me, in some traffic, i stay in the same place to look slowly behind what would as happened before flag. no one is a source of linking human behavior to talk to plasma infections. and if like his hunch was right, it was messing with the brains of many other people as well. i started to study this. i foresee this on the cheapest material, which is available here. i mean, on our students and 25 percent of them locks obama infected. these studies show that those infected by the zombie bug was far more likely to put themselves in risky situations. the risk of traffic accidents of thought. so plasma infected subjects is about $2.00 time higher than the risk of traffic accident

of non infant. the implications of this discovery are unsettling. toxic plasma is one of the most common human parasites. he used to sing, that's our mind, this really our but our results show that maybe it's not through we can be infected, biting, unwashed, vegetables, and under group made. sure number in some countries it's rented in france may barely complete. his popular infection rates are as high as 55 percent of the population. so the next time you need a reckless french driver, the where it may be is only bug behind the wheel. ah, the here on your head is the equivalent of

a rang forest shaded moist and reach in nutrients. it's the home for an annoying little critter. the hitler house. there are really interesting evolutionary stories going on on our bodies. and so, paralyzed in that regard are fascinating. head lice, a living fossils. they are, the ultimate survival machines. lice approximately appeared on earth somewhere in the region all a 115230000000 years ago. this means that they predate the great extinction of it, killed off dinosaurs and wiped down 75 percent of all the species at london's natural history museum. doctor vincent smith takes a special interest in these blood sucking parasites there about

$5000.00 species of life in total. this one here is a human head louse. this is a female, is highly adapted to living on humans. so they have a thick, sharp claws, and a groove under the louse where the hair sits to the vacant, clean own lice must lives on the host. if they fall off, that's it. they're dead right at the front is the mouth where tiny shots heaved jets out. they find a blood vessel and they feed on the blood. yet despite these advanced features, lice can't walk, call or fly. they leave flow lives. until we come together. when a buddy not meet lice, don't miss the opportunity to jump ship. one of the reasons why light spread

particularly quickly and young children is because many of the social barriers that we would normally have as adults don't exist in young kids. you'll see them touching, hugging each other all the time. and that is a perfect medium for the transfer of life. in a school room, head lice can pass over several heads within an hour. for head lice can be really difficult to get rid of. almost none of the traditional insect a sizable work and you have to use other means usually physical means simply to get rid of lies that lie some more than just in the rotation. they've changed us in fundamental ways. one of the striking things about the human body is it's hairless. so was an evolutionary breakthrough, a warm hug on

a cold day that allowed mammals to living conditions to hostile reptiles and beds. and one's hair evolved a 120000000 years ago. it was really lost yet we ended up virtually. hence why some people think that it saw a, it was actually to help ah, lose our lousy infestation. so that, so there were few extra parasites lice, and please novel things because they comp and he cling to an aged skin. a fairy coat is a safe haven to takes. lice plays and other bloodsuckers. and not only annoying, but some of them can carry lethal diseases, weiss and poison, and there can, they don't kill us and enough themselves. but because most detector parasites take our blood, they to have the capability of transmitting disease. and so that those individuals

who had less fur were actually at a reduced risk of disease from these actor parasites. carelessness was an attractive sign of good health, just like the bright to meet, that is an advertisement for being free as parasites. it was faded by sexual selection and this ensure that the naked jeans pass down to the next generation. oh and it is, since we've become obsessed with renew thing. we spend billions annually on razor blades and getting waxed for some parts of our body. ah, harry, this puzzle professor roth and weiss at university college london. why the we have cubic hair, my guess and this is just hand waving, is the pubic hair, isn't just the remnants of when we were fermi. ah, could pubic hair if evolved,

then to indicate that mating could be fruitful to the clue to this puzzle. if those pesky parasites lies with it was assumed, the pubic lies were a close relative of head lice, which makes sense if they both came from the time when we were 30 all over. but on closer examination, the tune couldn't be more different. the crab saw perfect ice. have these great big job calls to class round course has they couldn't live on our head, which means we got them and pubic hair after we lost our closest known relative to the human cubic laos. is the gorilla hare last guerrillas have called here. and i was lisa of any already adapted to live on calls here like pubic hair,

should they get across to humans. and so it looks as though around 8000000 years ago, an ancestor of modern gorillas and, and one of our ancestors came close enough to exchange my life. that must have been some close physical contact for us to have a quiet that louse. what happened in that moment? only the only the girl ancestor nor ancestor? no. i suspect it was, it was a little bit tawdry. i mean, the suggestion is it was sexual one things vishal, one way or another. we got crabs from them since then. genital nice and travel the world with us. but now in 1987 to 7 brazilian women, the sisters opened the j 6 to 7 to offer what they had done. the brazilian wax, the complete removal of hair from the pubic area. in only a few years,

this home of waxing has gone from the exotic to the every day. it went like all over people coming from television some all over. they wanted to know what is this? it's the most successful innovation in hating since the permanent wave. but this addiction to the brazilian is actually threatening pubic life with extinction. you take away their habitat and they can crawl on, but they can't hold out. i feel very proud. i lost out that they my be extinct. it's log late, it's very ugly. i imagine a whole suite of species like this, but that we're used to holding on to us. and then as our, as our hair fell away, they lost their habitat. we saw t listeners to read ourselves with parasites,

exposing our dark skin to the african sun. but as we ventured to cooler climates, how skin became we oh, these differences in asking come to our interaction with the bugs that make on us. these are very fundamental aspects of what it is to be us that are plausibly linked to this little organisms that crawl around on her skin and hang on to our firm. we are not alone. the bugs have been a constant companions. hidden force behind your health and even your bag. whatever you are, you owe to them. my clothes have been the making of us

with e. coli, india. 0 waste break is as robust is concrete. and consist of, ah, foundry dust is the main recycled material away. ready product from muscle

production, which is usually dumped into nature, mixed in a bit of plastic waste and it's done ah, in 30 minutes on d. w. law has no limb in love is for everybody. love is live, love matters. and that's my new podcast. i'm evelyn char, mom and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that north divides and deny that this. i have invited many deer and well known guests. and i would like to invite you to an in the or eternal dynamite and the pillar of sticks and society, a symbol of arbitrary rule and crucial tool in the struggle for justice

taxes the right to levy taxes and the obligation to pay them both inherent in the sovereignty of nation states and their citizens. but what happens when the power of taxation is undermined? ah, you won't pay taxation oh, ticks starts october 21st on d w. ah, this is d to be news and these are our top stories. ukrainian forces have reportedly made their biggest breakthrough in the south of the country since the war began. officials installed by russia acknowledged ukrainian advances in half.