and on documentary series 1st, chili's government is created a new national park to protect thousands of flowers in the assa, comma desert. it is the driest and sunniest as the in the world. every few years it comes to life. take a look. oh. busy busy busy lou . busy busy josh, a vibrant habitat ended glistening plates of long the mediterranean sea. seen it almost far and so far. abdul karim drift along with exploring ordered lifestyles and mediterranean maybe

2 journey this week on d. w. for even on you is a, well, you have never seen her around with bizarre creatures that lead on. and in, if re pod, have your body is an animal, it's on your face and we don't know very much about it yet. they are affecting us in ways with but now, for the 1st time, we can explore if we got rid of all the microbes on us and inside us, we would got you and with each and every one of us is a connection. different my phones, they call us hi. this is by ah

you am lucy, not you you are home to an astounding ray of my phone's. 2 some creatures hide inside to bounce. this proceed view from you. i browse very gardens of funky on your feet. alien tribes inhabit the jungle of your hair. tiny mites. banner lead your face. ah. and you host more bacteria than there is a way you and your box foreman with as life. in fact,

bugs are us. where every day these typical family is home to a 100 trillion hitchhikers on their skin, and inside their body. these invisible colonizers keep them healthy, sometimes make them i was and even influenced their behavior. stop fighting. yet, until recently, we understood very little about how microscopic residents germs have a bad reputation. we think of them as the cause of disease, but paradoxically, we couldn't survive without them. bacteria are bad, they are cans are bad. all this stuff growing on me as bad, but just new get the majority of those organisms are actually good for us. they're

assisting us, they're not our enemies. obsession with bad bugs, left us blind to the good. but now genetic tools allow us to see what we've been missing. molecular tools, sequencing dna, have allowed us to get a true picture of what organisms are there. and as a far richer picture, than we had previously appreciated, fire altering microorganisms by decoding the genes of these microscopic creatures. we can reveal a new microbial world. the genetic tools are kind of like the new telescope. think of it as a geographer. it might have just been studying the fields around neu, their whole career, and then somebody says, all, by the way, we just discovered the americas and australia and nobody ever heard of it before. for the 1st time, we can see the microbes that leap on us. and inside us,

it's been like a gold rush at the moment. it really is a voice rolling, the bang scientists have embarked on a journey into the unexplored world of our own body. they are discovering how we are shaped and kept alive by the bugs that live on us. mm hm. as the crust covers planet, the skin covers the body and impermeable barrier between us and invading gen. wow. but we only realised just how important it is when it's compromised. i see people's lives changed in an instant on a daily basis. the owner would is a world leading burn specialist. her struggle to save lives is all about beating pathogens the microbes that cause infections. we have bacteria pathogens,

all of his all the time. when you have a breeching, you skin, there's a way and that way in is going to be there until we seal the wound. so the longer the wound is, is open. the greater the risk of getting infected. so what we want to do is close that surface, seal the surface of the wind as quickly as possible, while the waves of infection keep coming over. if you waterproof, you will survive. and central to that survival is the layer of my groups that live on our skin, like the atmosphere that protects our planet, al microbes, fully shield against alien invaders. if some pathogen arrives on your skin, it's not your immune system that rises up to greet the 1st thing that greets it is this microbial layer this, this harry, invisible cloak. but we're to these spots come from

guys in the new coupon. for the baby, the womb is so the tree wealth, but outside, with an army of microbes awaits its arrival. ah, [000:00:00;00] ah me, you're born your colonized with your mother's micros. until then you can be called a 100 percent human,

but after that moment you're really just percent human and 90 percent micros, which is a scientist is very, very exciting. but as a parent is terrifying, ah oh, towards the end of pregnancy, the bacteria that live in the mother's gut migrate to the vagina, ready for the baby to pick them up as it slides through the bank can help with her. being coveting paternal microbes from a new thing went to the treat. but it's a gift that last a lifetime. these bags not only protect us from infections, their essential for our overall health. they also have an important role in regulating the immune system. the immune system never rests

it selves constantly petroleum bodies to eliminate penitence. but is palla can also be dangerous. it can potentially damage your own tissues, and therefore it must be controlled. it must be turned down, it must be regulated. the immune system has an internal police force keeping it under constant surveillance. if you don't have a properly regulated immune system, it becomes trigger happy. it's attacking people's brains is attacking people's joints and giving them arthritis, or it's attacking the contents of the guns. and then you have inflammatory bowel disease or it's attacking trivial quantities of pollen, all dog dandruff or whatever in the air. and that gives you allergic airway disorders. and what keeps our immune system in chick is how mike writes. so that if you have that organism in the got, you have mo, mo, policemen, more regulation, more control of the immune system. so it doesn't get trigger happy and do crazy

things the supply of these microbial regulators doesn't the mother continues to deliver hundreds of species of bacteria in her breast milk . and it's only very recently that it's become clear that breastmilk comes with a horse we of microbes that have moved up through the mother's body through the lamb end of the mill. and come as part of what goes into the baby with the breast milk. breastmilk also contains sugars that the infant can't digest these alike fertilizer for the baby's rapidly developing got flora num breastmilk becomes a really amazing example of the way in which our bodies actually evolved to, to help these microbes to the next generation. by the time a child is 2 and a half, it will develop a fully mature, microscopic community. collectively known as a micro biome. there is much

a part of us as any of our own organs. every one of us is a finely tuned society of many different life forms, relying on one another for survival, o'beirne, just beginning to discover new species in the most unexpected places. this little bug and could determine your health ah, spectacular. between the mystery. but we know much about the body parts of the body elite

others try some a hot and die, others cold and exposed to light clear with different climates. ah ah, and just isn't on the human body to life, adapts to the environment. i started working tropical forests and every process i could study and tropical forest is happening in my body in your body, right? ah, yes, species that are plants get species that eat those plants and you have species that those species species that are predators. yes, fishes, that are parasites, there's active competition just the way the tree roots grow against tree roots are ant colonies grow against colonies. that same thing is happening.

ah, not dens. background inequality repeat him will turn explanation to want ah, with damn pit armpits. this weird thing, so why does it have hair? why does it smell funny when an earth is going on with that is it's a pretty specialized environment. it has high humidity levels and there's human apron, glands, and these are glands that don't really produce sweat. they produce what i and other people think. it's actually a food for microbes. it is an odorless food and is released an incredible density out of your arm. pet armpits ended of themselves. have no order. your hair has no order. most of your body has no ord odor. those orders are all microbial bacteria

thrive from the perspiration. released by r 8, the green gland. but they aren't active until we reach puberty. which is why babies smell fleet? teenagers down. the why are we putting my quote in around here? we have here we have parts of answers and other species beamers are the same glands that kind of go across the chest. and in that case, the lemur seem to use them for identifying each other. are you my cousin or not my cousin? body to help selina to determine if a prospective partner is too closely related. sexual attraction is literally about chemistry. other mammals don't had their glands in their own pace around their amos and sexual organs. it looks like as we started to

stand up more and as we're interacting with each other like this, that if we were going to sniff each other, the hair and the smell had to move off. many on pits have a major influence on how the date it switches muscles or bikinis that brings men and women together. it's the smell about personal. wow. bacteria strive in every nook and cranny of your body. and one of the richest ecosystems is your navel. it's a tiny crater scar that we carry through life and we barely give a thought to it. but the scientists at the north carolina museum of natural sciences. the naval is

a place of infinite mystery. this is the home of the belly button, bio diversity project. hundreds of volunteers have been recruited to toil a cotton swab in the belly button to help find new species by the power of our research come from the fact that it will be able to sample so many different citizens as scientists. and you kind of can't harness that power unless people are engaged in the project. welcome to the daily planet leader. this ryan mellow glo bills himself as a microbial canadian. we'll be talking about some citizen science projects and about the lights that lives on us. we'll be talking about tiny life, which is really fascinating and infectious disease walked into a bar. the bartender says we'd all serve infectious diseases. this bar the infectious disease as well. you're not a very good host. i can make you laugh. maybe that'll make you more open mind into the subject, and maybe it'll make it more memorable and we want you to take the thrive and be

really careful. i'm just gonna lift that it nice and good. get all the got all my crows out as well. that's happening, you actually get individual living organisms on the belly button is cooling with life is protected from the chemical warfare of soap. and it's usually covered up from the ravages of wither only with which makes it a prime is a nightmare. the discovery of new species for one person was carrying a form of a cake life only ever seen before in the most extreme environment on a in deep ocean. what's interesting is that if we look at bacterial diversity in the human belly button, we have a huge amount of variations. you know, among 60 individuals,

there was not one species of bacteria that was found in all 60 of those individuals, like how with no patterns, fingerprints and the dna, the wildlife in our belly button is unique. it's my copious signature. but it's in a constant state of flux, the places we come, the food we eat, the people money. they own effect on my caribbean jungle. so far, the north carolina team has identified 2300 bacteria. is that 4 times the diversity of all bird species in north america. and this abundant tavis has come from just 60 belly buttons. some people have hundreds of species living in their belly button. some people have as few as sick species living in their belly

button and having fewer species on is associated with poor health outcomes. just as we made bio diversity to support life owners, we need a variety of micro organisms to god the health of our human. he crises, timms on each square centimeter uschi. they're moving 1000000000 bacteria for then it's a land of abandon. plenty of seats. nice. you see? 80240000 did skin cells our that's 2 kilograms in a year. part of what they're consuming is our dead skin are dead bits. and so there are some decomposition happening there. they're, they're at war with each other. and so even our good bacteria are actively fighting each other, producing antibiotics. they're all trying to win. none of them want to just be confined or armpit right each and every species. they would all benefit if they

could colonize us from head to toe. one of our microscopic residents engaged in chemical warfare is bacillus septimus. they petrol the skin looking to funky to attack without in, we'd wake up coffee taking mold other microwaves. like statler caucus epidermis, colonize our skin in numbers so vast that there is little room for invading rivals . but the true power that tyria comes when they act together. and this coordination requires a special language. their genes are encoding proteins that are allowing them to talk with each other and to detect each other and to control each other's growth and basically to allow other bacteria that are more beneficial or less competitive with them, you know, to grow and greater abundant. by tapping into a cell to cell network, microbes conspire with their own species and build alliances without the bacteria

to outsmart invaders. bacteria, the most successful organisms honor and part of their success is that they're able to steal the genes they need to adapt and thrive. they're able to change their genome very easily. and so this is why it's really important to say the bacteria that grow on and with us and in us to understand in a sense like what is the stable state. because when a pathogen emerges, it's often, you know, one of these typical bacteria that have co love with us and have been not a problem until who they picked out. something perhaps from a virus friend from another bacterium who knows what. and now they just changed the game. this genetic flexibility can transform how harmless microbes from dose i'll skin graces into vicious killers. i suddenly felt very ill. and i went to the, the gentleman's toilets and basically i collapsed on the floor. but how can

a tiny bacteria destroy a healthy body in just a few hours? for andrew ferguson, a visit to an alpine resort, became a life and death struggle with a rogue pathogen. i was vomiting and had blood coming out of my mouth in. i was in all sorts of strange places on arrival, and who had a quick swing at midnight hale pooh. completely unaware that a mask impact hadn't waited until his body the bug was trapped, be bog, actually got in through a couch on the leg. and i was having a raw gore's attack were effectually where the body gets overwhelmed by bugs and you go into a constant shaking. and i ended up pat darmesh cotton kitchen hospital. over the next 12 hours, i must have had every test known to mat. they just didn't, they walk the problem was eventually after taking blood couches they discovered

that i had a structure called b infection. and then over a period of 3 days, i was given increasing dosages of different types of penicillin. but nothing was working. it's like being in a canoe and going down the niagara river if we're in it early enough, someone can rescue us. but if we're far enough down that river, eventually nothing is going to help us. and unfortunately, that's the situation we have with these invasive infections, where at the very last moment we have to get a surgeon to get in and remove that destroyed tissue. the surgeon said, we're probably gonna have to advertise the leg. the infection is spreading in the main r 3, and if we don't get it, it's going to go to your heart and you will be dead. i remember saying to the surgeon as i went into that operating theatre i can do without a leg though i certainly can't do without my life. flesh eating disease is an

infection that literally eats way through the layers of tissue that surrounds the muscles. and it's fast, he can cause death within 12 alice, it can spread amazingly quickly. sometimes we can even see it before our very eyes . this bag need serious vigilance. 160000 people are killed world wide by this material on slow it. every year. i still have my leg, i am, as you will see on actually still have it. the aftermath of all of this is a, i have to take a penicillin twice a day and that has its implications as well. because unfortunately, over use of penicillin tends to cause some killing off the good bugs that sit in the gut. and then i, i ended up with other complications as a result of that. these are dreadful infections to go from

a perfectly healthy person, one day to dying, or only being saved by very aggressive surgery is an indication of these bacterias are potential for harm to us. but what could turn straight to cook is usually no more dangerous than a sore throat. into such an aggressive killer. micro biologist, professor mac walker was intrigued by the mystery. it was quite a surprise that being quite low levels of very advise of disease is caused by this bug. with some ingenious genetic detective work, professor woke, attract the origin of the deadly disease in the our midnight eighty's in the rocky mountain region of the u. s. there was an outbreak echoed some flesh eating disease caused by strapped a caucus. this outbreak was investigated. and what was found was that

a new group i struck the caucus had come on to the say, which was more virulent and better able to cause, advise of disease. this virulence was caused by a virus called bacteria sash, which invaded this strength and modified its dna. it inserts its genetic information into the bacteria, and that's the re programming that takes place when a bacteria fire infects bacteria. luckily, the chance of catching such serious invasive infection is still small. usually where able to live with these bacteria within out thrives for on our skin without getting disease. so people should not, they are freaked out on the next time i have a sore throat because that's just a normal event. and our immune system is able to deal with a very adequate light blue.

most of the wildlife on our bodies is hum. ask if we might be horrified to discover what they get up to meet the tiny parasitic mighty hot dimmitt. next day he takes up residence in your eyelashes borrowing fast into your paws there. this long sort of narrow things. they come out at night when you're sleeping, come out on your face and have have saxon and crawl back into the pores. it's an animal, it's on your face, and we don't know very much about it that that's enough for me. rob dunn's make, your mighty project is trying to shed light on one of our most overlooked hangs on . we can ask questions like, how do the mites and one human population relate to those? another human population. pacific islanders, they have different might species as a function of the relatively long isolation from, from other people's, ah, aboriginal peoples of australia,

what their might look like. how these might change as our faces have changed. it's super exciting. people get to see whether or not they have might, people get to see what their look like. let's take a glass of ice because they're going to try to get and you're sort of t though, and one of your live in the mites offering. well, you know, i don't think so because i think they like to cling to steve inside the pores on your feet. it's always good to know they're clinging directly on. i think they like to live in the oil in the basic plan. so it feels like good oil out here, come and get it the eat boil from our pores, you're probably also eaten microbes. they probably have a pretty specific suite of microbes in their guts, which are sort of just, you know, little hints about what's going on there. as it turned out, bryan's face might have made a significant contribution to science. this is the 1st time lights have ever been filmed, giving that they too,

i pulled up my fit. the truth is, you're not really separate from these critters like who you are as defined by your interactions with other speech. what would we be without them yet? what will we be without them and who are we when we have bad species? and so for example, to take a really extreme example, i talked to plasma. gandhi, i said, this is protest that gets into the brain. when it gets new, our brain, it changes what happens in our brain. talks a classmate. gandhi, i was a cunning parasite. it's a real life, some be bug, and it's on masking. is one of the strangest stories in science. you ah, newly suit respecting, now skis? well clear, if anything, mills like a cat. but the mice infected with a zombie. bog cats, i like a magnet. my speaker talks a plasma, every soil,

but to reproduce. the parasite has to find its way into the intestines of a cat. and the best way to made up with a cat is to alter the mouse's natural fear and make feelings fatally attractive. ah, the brain was right, it is now easy prey. but it took the plasma fits the real winner here. once inside, the cat, he can reproduce ah, the trail of the zombie bug lead to prague and one of the world's oldest university . professor yars laugh leger is a renowned specialist in the study of parasites. by a complete coincidence,

just as he was looking for a new subject to study, he was tested for talks of plasma and the result was positive. i was not very happy to be infected by some are as i am, but so in the same time it was very interesting. i mean, this idea that it can explain of some behavioral pattern of me. normally, flacco is a cautious person, but he began to exhibit some very risky, hammonds, not unlike a mouse who is attracted to cats. for example, i'm not to marry a frightened situation when i should be afraid. it's so very strange behavior. and as for example, i was in kristen and there was a lot of shooting around and i was quite calm and it's not the only situation or so

my startle reactions are. little bit unusual when somebody hits the horn behind me in some traffic, i stay in the same place to look slowly behind what would as happened before flag. no one is a source of linking human behavior to talk to plasma infections. and the flag is hunter was right, it was messing with the brains of many other people as well. i started to study this. i foresee this on the cheapest material, which is available here. i mean, on our students and 25 percent of them are books. obama infected these studies show that those infected by the zombie bug was far more likely to put themselves in risky situations. the risk of traffic accident off of the plasma

infected subjects is about $2.00 time higher than the risk of traffic accident of non info. the implications of this discovery are unsettling. talk to plasma is one of the most common human parasites. he used to sing, that's our mind, this really our but our results show that maybe it's not through we can be infected, biting, unwashed, vegetables, and under could make sure number in some countries it's relevant in france, we barely completed popular infection rates are as high as 55 percent of the population. so the next time you meet a reckless french driver, the where it may be is on the bug behind the wheel.

ah, the here in your head is the equivalent of a ring 1st shaded moist and reach in nutrients. it's the home for an annoying little creature. the head house. there are really interesting evolutionary stories going on on our bodies. and so, hair wise in that regard are fastener in head lice, a living fossils. they are, the ultimate survival machines. lice approximately appeared on a some way in the region all a 115230000000 years ago. this means that they predict the great extinction event that killed of dinosaurs and wiped down the 75 percent of all the species at london's natural history museum. doctor vincent smith takes

a special interest in these blood sucking parasites there about $5000.00 species of life in total. this one here is a human head louse. this is a female, is highly adapted to living on humans, or they have the thick, sharp cause and a groove under the louse where the hair sits to the vacant clean home. lice must live on the host. if they fall off, that's it. they're dead. right at the front is the mouth where tiny shot keeps jess out. they find a blood vessel and they feed on the blood. yet despite these advanced features, lice can walk, call oh fly. they leave flow lives until we come to get when a buddy meet, lice,

don't miss the opportunity to jump ship. one of the reasons why light spread particularly quickly and young children is because many of the social barriers that we would normally have as adults don't exist in young kids. you'll see them touching, hugging each other all the time. and that is a perfect medium for the transfer of life. in a school room, head lice composite has several heads within an hour. a head lice can be really difficult to get rid of. almost none of the traditional insect a sizable work and you have to use all the means. usually physical means simply to get rid of lies that lie some more than just in the rotation. they've changed us in fundamental ways. one of the striking things about the human body is it's hairless. so

was an evolutionary breakthrough, a warm hug on a cold day that allowed mammals to living conditions to hostile reptiles and debts . and once he revolved a 120000000 years ago, it was really lost. yet we ended up virtually. hence why some people think that it saw a it was actually to help ah, lose our lousy infestation so that so they were few ac to paris. fine slice and please novel things because they comp and he cling to an aged skin. a theory coat is a safe haven to takes. lice plays and other bloodsuckers. and in not only annoying, but some of them can carry lethal diseases. weiss and flayson and their can that they don't kill us and enough themselves. but because most detector parasites take our blood,

they to have the capability of transmitting disease. and so that those individuals who had less fur were actually at a reduced risk of disease from these actor parasites. carelessness was an attractive sign of good health, just like the bright to meet. there is an advertisement for being free of parasites . it was faded by sexual selection and this ensure that the naked genes comes down to the next generation. oh and ever since we've become obsessed with removing hair, we spend billions annually on razor blades and getting waxed the sun part of our body. i, harry. this puzzled professor robin weiss at university college london. why the we have cubic hair, my guess and this is just hand waving, is the pubic hair, isn't just the remnants when we will further?

ah, could pubic hair if evolved, then to indicate that mating could be, for example. the clue to this puzzle, if those pesky parasites lies with it was assumed. the pubic lies were a close relative of headlines, which makes sense if they both came from the time when we were 30 all over. but on closer examination, the 2 couldn't be more different than the crab saw. perfect ice, have these great big calls to class round course has. they couldn't live on our head, which means we got them and pubic hair after we lost our closest known relative to the human cubic laos, is the gorilla hair loss. guerrillas have called hair,

and i was lisa of any already adapted to live on coals here, like pubic hair, should they get across to humans. and so it looks as though around 8000000 years ago, an ancestor of modern gorillas and, and one of our ancestors came close enough to exchange my life. there must have been some close physical contact for us to have quiet that louse. what happened in that moment? only the only the girl ancestor nor ancestor? no. i suspect it was, it was a little bit tawdry. i mean, the suggestion is it was sexual one things special. one way or another. we got crabs from them since then. genital nice and travel the world with us. but now in 1987 to 7 brazilian women, the sisters opened the j 6 to 7 to offer what they had done. the brazilian wax,

the complete removal of hair from the pubic area. in only a few years, this home of waxing has gone from the exotic to the every day. it went like a long way people coming from television some all over. they wanted to know what is this? it's the most successful innovation in hairdressing since the permanent wave. but this addiction to the brazilian is actually threatening pubic life with extinction . you take away their habitat and they can crawl on, but they can't hold out. i feel very proud. i lost out that they might be extinct. it's ugly, it's ugly. i imagine a whole suite of species like this, but that we're used to holding on to us. and then as our, as our hair fell away, they lost their habitat. we saw

t listeners to rid ourselves of parasite exposing our dark skin to the african sun . but as we ventured to cooler climates, how skin became we are these differences in asking come to our interaction with the bugs that leak on us. these are very fundamental aspects of what it is to be us that are plausibly linked to these little organisms that crawl around on her skin and hang on to our firm. we are not alone. bugs have been a constant companions, a hidden force behind your health, and even your bag. whatever you are,

you owed to them. my clothes have been making us with a kick off. what's going on here? what is he doing? who do they think? oh,

good questions. you can find the answers here. all the games, whole, the goals? who does the go highlights? 30 minutes on d. w with . how did she become adolf hitler's favorite director? and how did he become a forgotten film? pioneer? lisa, and arnold fun. in 1932, they set out into the icy wilderness of greenland to create a life threatening film project that became a major milestone in their life. ice cold passion storage october 8th on

d. w. ah ah ah. ah. this dw news line from berlin. ukraine continues to regain territory and areas claimed by russia. president zalinski says troops have liberated more towns and several regions. ukrainian forces are now pressing their counter offensive in the