ah ah ah ah, this is the wi from berlin, ukrainian troops re take more, tara trails that balance against retreating russian forces. president zelinski says, whose troops have liberated dozens of towns in the past week and an hour, pressing a counter offensive on 2 fronts in the east and in the south. also on the program,

how real is russia's nuclear threat? president, coach, it has warned the west, but any attack on russia, including illegally annex parts of ukraine, could provoke a nuclear response. so weapons, critique views, and how likely easy to use that i more anti government protests in iran, as women and girls, a brave, a government crackdown to demand and, and need to oppression. the european union considers new sanctions on the palestinian refugees in lebanon, who feel forced to flee? we talk to one man risking his life to get to europe, and the smuggler who's helped ah, i'm fool, gail. welcome to the program. ukraine says its forces have retaken towns in the

south and east of the country. and regions at vladimir putin declared last week would be russian for ever. ukrainian claims have not been independently verified, but officials installed by moscow havoc nodded setbacks in the house on region. ukrainian forces are also advancing in the east after capturing a key town in the north of denette, screeching, ukrainian pleasanter. vladimir polanski has signed a decree declaring talks with russia, impossible with vladimir putin as president. a social media video shows the ukrainian flag flying in the northern clark, if region and ukraine's army released this video of its flag flying. and carson in the south. we keep counter offensive continues to push forward. doing well today, the offensive movement of our army and all our defenders, continued unity, there are new liberated settlements in several regions. there. my fierce fighting continues in many areas of the front. but beyond the victory,

the cost of war emerges. here and the man we captured by ukraine at the weekend bodies of russian fighters lined the streets. ukrainian soldiers must also collect the bodies of their own. or we fight for our land for our children, so that people can live better. but all this comes, it's a very high price residence, like 85 year old valentina struggle to make do with what little they have left. the russians may have been forced out. but daily life here remains grueling. which i'm already fed up with. everything is for piece drank quality and for our children and families to be a life and healthy with the family home in towns lately, man,

things are far from normal. but there are moments to pause and reflect on what the success means for their future. mike martha is a war studies fellow at kings college london. i asked him how big a sat back the latest you credit into advances are for russia are these are very significant and so on in the south. the cleanings have been preparing this advance for several months now and, and it's a strategically important city on the right bank of the pro and up in the northeast . the ukrainians have cut through several russian supply lines which enable them to take lemon. as you said, new introduction, but there's actually a couple of other towns that hopefully they'll take in the next couple of weeks. so these are quite significant advances by the ukrainians. very similar to the significance of what we saw in september when they took is you i and these

advances in 2 areas at the same time seems to have taken the rush completely by surprise. yes, i mean it shouldn't have taken them by surprise because the ukrainians have been telling the russians that they were going to attack in the south for several months . but the problem is, what we're seeing now really is the problem that russia has had throughout the war, which is they've never had enough troops. they invaded with one 150000 you'd probably need about a 1000000 to invade ukraine properly. so when the ukrainians attack on 2 fronts, it stretches the russians very thin and gives the ukrainians much more options than it gives the russians. so winter is coming, and russia has announced this partial mobilization. how important is it for ukraine to gain territory before those take your fact? i don't think the partial mobilization, it is actually very important either the russians can rush the troops since you can quickly in which case they will be can photo or it can take 6 months to train them properly. but that will be decided by that point. i think winter it is,

is very important because warfare slows down, the claims will want to get to a point where they can have proper defensive lines. the other thing was, the thing you mentioned in your introduction, rushes just had these 4 referendums in these different regions. declaring as regions to be russian. and they've now been annexed by russia. and what you crane is doing by re taking all this territory, which is in those 4 regions, is on the scoring. how ridiculous those referendums were. you mentioned in your answers now that there's no waiting for these, these russian troops to be mobilized because that will be decided that's in the next few months. you believe that these advances are back decisive. i think the war is definitely going to be finished by this time next year. and the question is, what exactly where the ukrainians get to before the winter?

as you said, things are going to slow down. but the likelihood is that the ukrainians will take the russians out of class on the whole of that bank, the river, and they will have made significant sponsors into the east, into the dom bus. i think crimea, which is really the most important place for the russians, will probably have to be settled next year in the spring offensive. as my martin war studies fellow at kings college london, our correspondent mathias bullying who has visited ukrainian troops in the south of the country close to the front line. despite looming fears of a cold winter, he found soldiers and local people optimistic about further gait. they are digging in the soldiers have only recently moved forward to the new position. now they are 40 fighting their defenses, repairing the trench if

be more than 3 months now since ukrainian president volume is zalinski and ice cubes counter offensive in the south law. but we are constantly trying to drive the enemy from their positions with these attempts have been successful color and we are moving forward. we now have new positions and we fortifying them. that is how we make a constant progress forward. you can shuttle from us for quite some time. ukraine's successes in the south have been less spectacular than those in the north east of the country. but recently the army has been able to make significant gains down south as well. now craniums are convinced that their tactics are more efficient and also more sustainable. and the russians there. but that doesn't mean moving forward is a walk in the park on their la elizabeth music. they just keep aggressively charging at us, unless they don't care about their own losses. garage and you get the impression

that i just don't give a damn about their soldiers. that a couple of their tactics are simple. it's easy to read them yet. but right, this means that we have to be permanently on watch video. we can never, ever lower our guard. he said that it was the spoiler oh, there's a lot more. there's like that was a highly behind the lines, villages have come on to fire. russian forces passed through the settlement early on in the war. later, they were driven back. but since the territory has been back on, the ukrainian control mission show have been falling all over the place. but actually the in the beginning, when i 1st experienced the incoming file and there were explosions everywhere, i thought it would block my house. i left the time. but when i heard that things had come down a bit, i came back. i repaired the roof because it started raining. then i decided to stay . russia has seen tremendous losses of personnel and

equipment. that's why president fujen has started mobilizing with troops. the soldiers here come by the prospect of move russian. you force when i want to know, but article which they can draft whoever they want. and however many they want done, but the re, morales and the opinion of a local towards them will not allow them to relax him. that is what i am a floppy. now the soldiers are prepared for winter, hoping that they can gain as much territory as they can for as long as the conditions allowing and that correspond that nick connelly is in key. if i asked him if this rapid advance had come, as a surprise was certainly all summer we were having utopia for any officials, promising movement efforts on and in the end it's kind of seemed like a distraction tactic. all the actual progressed by the ukranian army wasn't east near had give but certainly this was a kind of obvious target for them. there's

a very exposed russian force west to the ne perimeters, the really wide river. and all the bridges have been largely kind of put out of action. they're now dependent on pontoon bridges in the air to get supplies in. so it was kind of an obvious next step. but certainly, you know, this is on a totally different scale than what we've seen recent weeks where you'd have a village, maybe every couple of weeks. now we're seeing, you know, yes, they suppose the 8 villages retaken by ukraine in the space of a single day. and they're not just coming at verizon from the west as was previously the kind of main focus been out from the north. and there is definitely panic on russian social media among kind of war bloggers and supporters of this invasion that we could see had on falling t crane in the pretty near future. and what are you hearing about these russian attacks are on the key region using iranian kamikaze drones? well, this the interesting thing. so it did seem like a russia has been running out of the cruise missiles and the kind of a weapon systems that we use early on the war to attack targets and key of intervene in the far kind of west of the country. far away from the front lines,

and in recent weeks, months we've seen a lot less of that, and j western hasn't said that is just down to russia, running out of these missiles and not being able to get the car electronics. it needs to build more of them. and so that deal with iran recently to sent these chemicals. drones has been seen as a bit of a, a game jane changer allows russia to, once again go it kind of ukrainian facilities that produce weapons infrastructure. this was an infrastructure target, we don't have more details yet. but for now, it is certainly concerning people here in places where like i am your kid have logic given up going to the seller or kind of taking heed of air raid warning. so there's a sense that near russia now, at least temporarily, has the option to strike targets far away from the front lines to really get it civilians who thought maybe they were safe now and sat there. history appears to be repeating itself as ukrainian forces make more disturbing discoveries in the wake of the russian retreat was certainly wherever we've been in recently, kind of russian hill territory ged to hear stories of people going missing. people

being held, people being tortured, especially people with links, the ukraine, military veterans, or people who are family members serving. and we have seen images in the last few days of electric shock kind of equipment, various kinds of probes that maybe were touchable while they were question being found in sellers were in kind of police stations. for now, you know, there's still time needed for the authorities to really go through and double check these claims. but there is a sense that there are a lot more stories out than they are going to be coming up in the next weeks, months, as people on those kind of newly liberated areas. you have a chance to tell their stories. i faxed that mechanic commonly in keith was ukrainian forces of advanced against russian troops in ukraine re taking territory . there's been speculation that moscow may be prepared to use tactical nuclear weapons for more. our bass, an ukraine's advance is the doubly reporter joe don't will just days ago, russia to claim ownership of several ukrainian regions. but each day since ukraine

has undermined those declarations from moscow with its victories on the ground in the eastern region of dawn, yet they reclaimed the city of leman and other nearby towns. now layman is considered a strategic city and its recapture cuts off one of russia's supply lines. but it's in the south that they have made some of the most impressive recent games just yesterday in the regional hassan ukrainian forces claim to push the frontline back by more than 30 kilometers. re taking the town of dewitt johnny. now regional officials say that the troops are moving along the deep river and taking villages as they go. who rushes recent losses a prompting domestic criticism of the army strategy. and one of potent allies is said that russia should now use low yield nuclear weapons. putin, himself is said that all available means should be put on the table to hold the illegally annexed regions. so with the threat of nuclear war on the table, what buttons could russia reach for?

well, both the u. s. and russia have nuclear stock policy between 5 and 6000 warheads. now, all of these, the u. s. mostly has strategic lodge, long range nuclear weapons, but one 3rd of russia stockpile are estimated to be tactical warheads. now these are smaller bombs, which are intended for use on the battlefield. now this tactical warheads have low payloads and shorter delivery systems, but they won't result in a nuclear winter, but they would still be devastating. a cost, a very large area. so how real is russia's nuclear threat? while the director of the c, i said recently that there is no practical evidence of russia being even close to using nuclear weapons and other western weapons monitors have also said that they don't see any signs that russia is moving. its war has out of its bunkers, but now every russian maneuver is being closely watched for signs that putin is rhetoric might be moving towards reality. thank you joe. a joe dole

right earlier, i asked alina to cobra from the piano center for disarmament of non proliferation for her we need to be cautious and what we see on the ground and how we interpret it. it's already been said clearly that it's not the kind of way that is carrying on nuclear weapons. and i would probably agree with the statement by the currency of the us that there are at this point, no science that russia is preparing to use nuclear weapons. those need to keep in mind that obviously wearing dangerous situation, there are risks, but at this point, i don't see any ground for russia to do it. and from the military standpoint, no, even the tactical nuclear weapons, you know,

the smallest one do not make much sense. it will change the course of the war, and the rush is engagement with the rest of the will. it's 1st of all it's, it's not supported by those who remain on assigned line. now, indian parties, india, pakistan, china with the person. it will change the attitude towards this war dramatically. russia will find itself in a full isolation, right? and the messages that are happening, coming from trembling from put in and basically intended to deter, not nato and the us. so we're not at their situation yet, but i need to closely monitor, understood. and what you make of the reports of russia is considering i'm carrying out a nuclear test on ukraine's borders and i haven't seen the reports that have the reliable and verifiable information

about it. and again, we see quite a bit of a stick away senate and it's understandable in situation where but they have not been science that they are planning to carry out a test there. so we need to be both cautious, realistic, but not to inflate the situation. because it's, there were cities or we could find our cells in when the, in the war in the, in the alert and tension that we misread any of the moose and how and any of the signs in was interpreted was alena. so cover executive director of the v on a center for the song and non proliferation would take a look now some more stories are making news around the world. south korea and the

united states have conducted messiah drills in the sea of japan. hours after north korea launched a nuclear capable miss file over japan. washington condemned young's actions as reckless residents of japan. northeast and regions were ordered to take shelter without flew over the country. for a lot, musk used to go ahead with his plan to buy twitter company, took him to call to force him to go through with the 44000000000 dollar deal that he tried to back out. so your license agreement with for the world's richest person in charge of the highly influential social media club angle america has won the united nations refugee agencies, nance and award for her efforts to welcome more than a 1000000 refugees. i seen here in file footage, the former german chancellor will receive the award next week at a ceremony in geneva as well as the $150000.00 in prize money. columbia's government on the left wing rebel group, but national liberation army or

e l and say they'll restart. peace talks. next month, the government signed the peace agreement with the fox revel group in 2016. and since then the l. m has become the country's largest arms armed group, yet iran's president abraham racy, has called a national unity in the face of ongoing anti government. protests, blame the unrest on us and israel, echoing comments by iran supreme leader under government demonstrations, continues to spread to universities in high schools across the country and began after the death of trip to rome. massa, meaning all in her rest for the alleged for allegedly violating islamic republics. strict deck dress code when? well people here in europe are also taking to the streets to show support. ah, europeans have come out and solidarity for women leading the fight for justice in iran. here in paris over the we can thousands rally to support iranians facing

a brutal regime at home, european parliament, president that solar echoed their message, paying tribute to women who give everything in their fight. we are with you. last, i mean it will be remembered just like had this me new as i left hon. annette. i a death masa nocka and many, many others for women for life, for liberty across party lines. european lawmakers are showing their support almost otherwise. it's totally unacceptable and 21st century look said that to one woman can be killed for to fan their dad, our rights solidarity matters, but words won't be enough, says the peas guest of honor, french, iranian sociology. professor, as at a kion, i think that you, that you should take really measures i to show that you rainy and regime. that's a democratic societies and democratic regimes are supporting the plight of even and

peeper for democracy. and for freedom. the european union's top diplomat, joseph barrell said that you will continue to consider all the options at its disposal ahead of his speech. some member states have been more precise. embassy e o countries are preparing action against terror. germany, france, and others have submitted proposals for e o, sanctions against members of the iranian regime. this includes travel bands and acid phrases. the iranian government has silenced protests before an external actions have done little to stop. this swedish m e p. ali spark hunker says the, you should not repeat past mistakes when ramping up pressure on iran. the most important thing is that we are very ala was that the sanctions at risk to make, they ran and people suffer even more. so we need to make sure that the section in the 2 books are pointed at their regime at the people responsible for the violence,

the killing at the moral police. and at those people, high impala, we need sanctions are for the member states to the side. but the majority in parliament seemed determined to send a strong signal to help make this happen, that on hundreds of thousands of palestinian refugees have fled to lebanon over decades because of military conflict in neighboring countries. like syria. according to the u. m, there are almost 480000 registered palestinian refugees in lebanon. almost half of them now live in refugee camps where conditions are said to be dire because of overcrowding and poverty. palestinians in babylon regarded the stateless and don't have the same rights as other foreign nationals, meaning they're barred from working in a number of professions and aren't allowed to own property. the country's economic crisis is going to forcing up many refugees to try and leave the w reporter mohammed straighter reports now on one man's desperate struggle to read europe.

briefly read, he sparked his bag and is ready to go a little abroad while he is a young palestinian refugee who was born and raised in the banana. ah, despite the risks of wylie, who doesn't want to be identified, has booked a space on the next boat that will attempt to illegally sale to europe. but, but a failure, i must leave. i am forced to, i have no other choice. even if they give me an inflatable tire to sail anywhere cypress, or turkey or italy, i had no problem to take it. i just want to leave. i'm desperate. bobby missouri lebanon's acute economic crisis is forcing many people here to try to get out. according to the u. n. more than 3 quarters of people living in the country are set to be in poverty. unemployment is rising, and public services are in a critical state with

a country regularly plunged into darkness due to the electricity blackouts. and we do not have access to basic things like water and electricity, let alone the high price of bread. i used to buy bread for 1500. now it costs 25000 during the day i'm up to 75000 at night. how can i survive? i barely make $300000.00 per day. life has become so hot here. most of the palestinians in the ban on live inside close knit refugee camps inaccessible to live in eas authorities. it is often a shelter for alcohols and a safe haven for human traffickers who organize illegal bought trips to europe. to smuggler organizing of wireless trip refused to meet us in person, but we convinced him to speak to us over the phone. hello. hello. hello, hello. i am a smuggler, and i arrange my graham day trips from lebanon. i mainly send families and i charge

$7000.00 per person. every person signs a release form, so i'm not responsible for any one, even if the boat sank. it's not my responsibility. it's absolutely not a crime. i'm helping people find a way out of lebanon, who can bear to live here. there's nothing left in lebanon. there's been a huge increase in trip. cecia people know all to well the terrible risks involved in trying to get to you. but almost every day, both carrying migrants are illegally setting, save from lebanon, migrants are risking potential death if they leave, but says a body, if they stay, it will lead to certain death. is reminder of our top story, this, our ukrainian forces of re taken more territory in areas of the south clay by moscow. presidents that excuse that he's troops liberated dozens of times this week in the full regions, but russia illegally annexed. i've got you can always get

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