and the tiller of sticks and society taxes the right to live in texas and the obligation to pay them both inherent in the sovereignty of relation states and their citizens. but what happens when the power of taxation is undermined? paid won't pay. taxation and politics starts october 21st on d w ah, ah ah, the choice to abandon ones who is painfully difficult, but it's one that growing numbers, fees as a stream, whether vendors,

entire regions, unlivable. most my drums have 2 cities already buckling under the strain of exponential growth. aniko in the afternoon look at we as to ease the pressure. hello and welcome. i'm fun with that. i go. over the next 3 decades, the u. n. predicts that some 200000000 people will be uprooted by climate disasters . as the planet gets hotter, south asia is particularly well known, but the challenges are evident in the himalayas where hundreds of winches already lie deserted out a bottle, visited one to get a very postal view of the factors driving climate migration. like these people have just left faint, distressing this with

mm. we normally think of rising fever, disastrous hire against any talk of climate change. but here in this himalayan village, something's happening and the impacts of this could be significantly greater than any natural disaster. this is one over a 1000 ghost villages in it that i can state in northern india. it may look green and luscious, but life here has become almost impossible. a needle is done, we wouldn't leave if it was possible for us and our children to survive in our relief. we but there is nothing at all here was haney, but darkened is one example. new projections here that in just 50 us, one in every 3 people are not, could need to move house as climate change becomes increasingly significant factor . this is an agenda bishop who used to live in this village of people karate. but his family home, of course didn't always look like this. ok,

you play for the year when i see this today, i feel like crying when you were here, were you happy or java man war? java? where are you happy them. i will never get those days back. it was relaxing, living here, there. the, you know, live bought the tv, the cool breeze for ya. there now can be hawaii on my left because there was no employment. and also here for cathy agriculture. here we go. yeah, the men on commission florida is dependent on rainsford. you been to look at this no overgrown grossman remember we used to want to be able to grow so many crops here. hold on, i was was little apart from an unemployment crisis here in the hills. the change in the monsoon is playing an increasingly important role in people's lives here. according to reports 20 years ago, the rainy season used to be 60 days long, and now it only rains around 50, which means that sometimes it rains less and crops that are grown here, like wheat and mays can dry out. and when it does rain,

it pours more intensely over a shorter period. so feels king had flooded. the intense rain is now called cloud boasts, which have not only led to farms being washed out, but also homes and neighborhoods. just last year, one and 50 people were killed in landslide related accidents in this state and with rockland. so people like lodging that are moving in sort of a better life and can be categorized as climate migrants. although it's a critical thing to define who the climate might with an economic migrant. because sometimes the lines are quite blurry whenever there's a big event like a big hurricane, we might say, okay, these are climate migrants because their homes have been destroyed and people are leaving. as a result of that, most of the time it's not as clear cut as that. there might be a drought that's been ongoing for many, many years, that restricts people's economic livelihoods. and then these people start to migrate. the latest estimate published by the world bank says that in just south

asia, africa, and latin america, 140000000 people could migrate internally by 2050. 1 international study even predicts that globally by 2071 and 3 people could potentially be displaced by climate induced changes. hot spots and so densely populated places like indonesia and bangladesh. but it is affecting the global not do. 60 percent of the netherlands could be flooded if it's artificial defenses are overwhelmed and in the u. s. wildfires and other disasters are already rendering over 1000000 people homeless each year. he is another big driver at the moment, only around one percent of land is uninhabitable for humans. but as the planet heats up on the current rate, that figure could go up to 19 percent in just half a century. and this is having a big impact, especially on those that are forced to move ya forgive the life,

ma'am. i very you thought was got a live year. oh god, if you want to work and sir, while there's so much tension and the pressure with the competition, you need to run like a halt or donkey human law. would you, dora? neither of them going if at all, yoga they give them a gum, be line bosses by so quick and before you know it will not bother you have grown all liquids for them is elva. yay! africa may i know work in construction and i oversee a site. i got, it's an all good job. i would even if it was in, i would have to do it to run the housing and feed my family, took a medically lodging, little lives in a poor, bottom phenomena got down among other migrants from the mountains. it used to be a slum, but his recently developed into concrete houses most migrants live in poor conditions of use when they 1st move. and these conditions make them vulnerable and

potentially migrants. once again. comparatively, indian slum dwellers can experience heat up to 6 degrees warmer than housing society is nearby. and it sounds like this. flash flood, landslides are more likely to affect homes constructed haphazardly, on flood plains. so what can be done? mm. why migration remains high in that are kind the neighboring state of. much of predation has come up with some solutions that can work. farmers have begun developing diverse agricultural practices to bring in revenue and adapt to the changing climate going forward. the state has also promoted sustainable tourism to ensure the local people can earn a living and stay behind. mm. globally, governance, i trying to lessen the immediate impact of climate change to keep people out of danger. for example, on the island of fiji,

the government relocated people to higher ground in flood prone area. the indonesian government has been building sea walls to keep the water out. apart from making people, city, governments need to be prepared for mitigating conflict and scarcity. as people move internally and internationally, but it can't be only up to the most affected countries to finance adaptation to the changes. to up. do you want to come back about the santa billable ma'am? ma'am maud? absolutely. that's what i really want to come back here and live like, and i can't yet was what one day like him. i hope i can return them. understand my religion, romeo, gama. oh. but people will still migrate for whatever reason that needs to be acknowledged and pathways for the move and integration need to be made a priority. well, as we just saw,

people searching for secure homes and livelihoods often end up in cities, slums, their opportunities are limited by a lack of access to basic services, including something as simple as opposed to le dress. an architect here in india has devised a system that uses digital technology to put people on the map. call up will in western india home to nearly 4000000 people. like in most indian cities, many inhabitants live in slumps. haphazard settlements, usually excluded from urban planning policies, and difficult to navigate until recently, finding an exact location was impossible. over 1700 families live here. it's a legal settlement, but no one has an individual address. to the however, the speeds of delivery is being made right up to a doorstep. and it's thanks to this unique number, a google plus god based on the latitude known and run and longitudinal location of

a place. it's a blessing for baggage shackle younger she runs the electronics store next door and often needs to order supplies online. she now uses a plus good as the address on google maps and says the material is delivered right to her home. either what is now the code i've been given for the accurate location he alum, earlier. if someone wants to come and deliver to our house, or if a relative was visiting and he had to call us and we had to guide him on the phone using landmarks like rich us dance or nearby shops. my, like we thought we had to sometimes go and pick him up. daddy kelsey. now i have none of those hassles got thought about when i thought that when i looked the plus goods at the work of by the muzzle, she and her team, the architect and founder of the non governmental organization, shelter associates has been using dieter to improve conditions and shanty does the work across 7 cities in the state of mara, showtime, the digital increase is the most recent initiative for which they've partnered with google. they put up a slam map in

a board just outside the 2nd. when every house law you see the location address that we put down is going to be a game changer. because now there we've been address for every house which is never the case in islam. you wanna get an ambulance, there's an emergency, there's a fire, all 3. any p, you can get a leverage for good. make sure that you get better at your doorstep. brooklyn steam have mapped and marked this whole flood, the largest in the city of caught up. but not everyone understands the initiative. this man says he has no idea what the board with the numbers meant for. he doesn't own a smartphone and has never heard of google. google give me a little that was the reason, but my steam conduct, regular information sessions science. i love it. i bang, look i was explaining what plus goals are and what that could be useful. for example, getting the cooking gasoline does, didn't go to the doorsteps. every month you your location, but about that,

it's been a luck on a month. the concept is still new, but many young residents here have smartphones and already use google maps. individual addresses could help residence open bank accounts and access postal services more easily in the future. the technology, me looks simple, but creating the block codes is far from easy to wander than 30 kilometers away in the city of pone. a team of data analysts work of the injury was mean office, the specialist and using a true graphic information system. so called g i s mapping lead by putting more than you satellite images, as well as feed mapping to generate as accurate a digital address as possible. a tricky task in a slum what you see interest level, right? you don't know what's happening under the room. i you might think this is one house and then when you walk on the ground, you realize that, oh my god, that actually 300 that so you cannot just you with the satellite image for did you diving as long as there is absolutely no substitute for fee with exam field mapping

. the architect says proceed. method is also used map infrastructure and the slumps for public toilets, manhole green networks to water samples and garbage bits. all the data is on the website. the data is also allowed by the most team to make a big push into sanitation in more slums. the only option for residents to relieve themselves a community toilets like these. which often like running water, involve long waiting types and pause, help hazard because of unsanitary conditions. putting us focus is on individual toilets. in this settlement, go level, the team found to the mapping that there was a shortage of reinvent works. the debt had been pointed the exact location of a few existing lines that connected to the cities during networking, making it easier for municipal authorities to know where to lead the new see which likely one that is essential for toilets to be. but the laying of green networks has kicked off a toilet building spree,

creating jobs for masons and laborers. the indian provides the building material families who can afford it, be for the construction. sutka property recently got on toilet built for the 1st titan and says it's given her a feeling of safety and privacy with either. hm. okay. i have a teenage daughter and using the community toilet in the slum was dangerous, especially at night menus to hang around and harass us. did that me with drains being laid, we decided to build a toilet in our own horn. i'm going across going up or by the must team, have facilitated the construction of close to 3 pals each individual toilet stood it to be one of the, the mapping technology has gone a long way towards creating a safer and cleaner environment for residence. means having a more livable slum as india cities grew there, mountains of garbage group to engender good household roof. segregation has been mandatory for several years now. the city has gone one step further. it started the

door to door collection of sand to re with a measure let targets blasting pollution as well as that a was associated with menstruation for many engender collecting. trash is the only way to earn money. it's in formal work residence, pay them a small amount, this separate the trash on the screen. santos stock has been doing this for 25 years. it has affected her health. others have contracted hepatitis or douglas but al tanisha quizlet good at picking these also causes eating and other diseases . the whole body starts ha kneeling at b. c. my fat, my hands. they are infected as bells and whistles. authentic or your of cup is honey. she checks the rubbish for recyclables like plastic or metal which can be sold, but mostly it's just household raised and that includes sanitary products. hit how

much go jose. i looked at that. usually open, not wrapped in anything. it has blood and filled or whatever. so be segregated, it will, dot, hans, i look at that least on one site, either gala dry on one site and then sanitary and other based on another side is that of use letter or either neva sanitary rest is a huge problem here. each month, more than a 1000000000 used sanitary pads are disposed of in india. the end up in the landfills. and john, the good that's changing households on are required to separate out used hygiene products. the move has been initiated by gender, go to municipal corporation, and has been an ear in the making method concept that it is an apple. so a lot of citizens might not want to give the waste in a segregated fashion. they might just want to put it together with the vet missed,

which we do not of ish because the vet vast goes into composting. ideally it, you're not going to debate that base. that is there. the idea came from a public awareness gump in a dress topic of senator he raised now the local waste disposal service collects used hygiene products separately. renault come on as one over to $900.00 employees . we often have to explain what they're doing. you guys are gonna, i'm not going to go digress, have go phone via redistributed leaflets with all the information regarding separation. separation wasn't free waste was a bit difficult. i saw as women were initially shy, they used to get angry and us alga, why? you were asking, this isn't then me explained how this waste go for treatment and how separation is good for the cities, cleanliness and environment. i'm the only a moment i have a big of a lot of unless they don't take us. we will say there is a pre, a bunsen husband separating her risk for 2 months. the red bucket is for used

senate, reproductive, organic and household waste also put in separate containers. and again, just the i just have miss, i'm sanitary pads and diapers are like plastic weights. i it doesn't decompose that . so now sanitary pads and diapers have their own baby. it is also easier for the collector to pick it up. what i go, why is it without the leg isn't of the sanitary waste is bone, the municipal government does this and cooperation with a private company. bunning is far from id with environmental c, dumping sanitary products in landfills is even worse. 90 percent of a sanitary waste is made up of plastic, which means it will not be great and it continues to stay in the landfill. it will break down into smaller particles, typically now known as micro plastic and it's going to stay in the environment for 7 to 800 years. now that's a long time. if you consider that the plastic has chemicals in it.

oh, india uses around $113000.00 tons of sun agree, wrist every year. correctly, there is no wible alternative to burning it. several stops are working to develop mold, sustainable disposal methods. these new technologies which are coming up which segregate or separate different layers of sanitary pads and then recover the plastic. we covered the other materials like cellulose in the long term. if these are effective and their emissions are checked, these would be a much better technology. for there is some way to go before such technologies can be put into practice. john, the good is one of just a few cities in, in over the rest separation program. it's been running for only a few months, but the impact is clear. the 1st day we had collections of just 22 kilograms. today, viet at more than 500 kilograms. the figures them says,

depict how the society and the city has reacted to. they needed. another boon is that the initiative is sweeping away. some of the taboos associated with senator hygiene for young people, white rizzi, climate awareness as well and staying on the topic of waste. the disposal of human waste is generally viewed as a public health button. but research will say it's an overlooked source of new trends that could make a valuable contribution to our ecosystems. and initiative in germany is looking to recycle it for use as a what eliza time for the morning trip to the toilet at this music festival in northern germany. these toilets are collecting a valuable resource fecal matter. ready here it's not considered waste, rather a raw material. during the summer sanitation start up for neat seo. has been

sending the toilets from festival to festival. that explains the empty hall at the company's office and even volunteer berlin. leaving c e o. florian augustine, with time to tinker the a washed alaska raw materials, we're talking about our urine. and of course a feces that's collected here and i'll just enormous amounts of nutrients. it's good stuff that comes out of us, complying as my father wasn't, but we just flush it away and don't want to have anything to do with it. but it's something we really have to start dealing with again. i'm stymied on so neil. that's exactly the goal of the states. once it research projects, typically a bar which when it's, it is also a part of a v. i. cows are coordinates the project together, human waste from public toilets and turn it into a usable resource. instead of flushing the waste with water, it's covered with pulverized straw. i can do

a demonstration as if someone were peeing and it inside the toilet. the urine runs into a separate container. that means the feces stays dry. keeping them separate makes them easier to purify. one extra element of the project is to collect human waste and to bring the nutrients in it on to the fields as fertilizer. there's huge recycling potential in human waste aspect. circling of ours research happens here on the edge of it as well. this is where nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and many others that people excrete every day of being recycled. turning the plants that feed us back into fertilizer. the collected fecal matter is composed it along with green waste and transformed into human fertilizer agriculture. this followed by men after why did we want to recycle nutrients? as if we look at mineral for just phosphorus or potassium, we typically get them from mines. and when it comes to phosphorus,

resources are extremely scarce. nitrogen is another neutral that will really need to be recycling because it's an essential nutrients that every plant needs to grow . and that would normally be extracted in an energy intensive way. during composting bacteria create heat. so we're currently at $67.00 degrees up. her goal is to reach 75 degrees because that's when you have the greatest an activation rate for pathogens thought of her conquer, totaling up killing of the pathogens is key. that's just one of the things monitored by cloudy accosting of lab team at the bio mass research center in leipzig, schmidt, telephone heavy metal should definitely not be present. we also check there is no mercury or lead or traces of medication or resistant jermel. it was that when all goes well, they're usually killed off during the purification process and the temperatures in the compost. if i opportunity regulations in germany currently forbid the use of

human waste in agricultural fertilizers. that's due to hygiene concerns. when that's when your pipe, we want to show that it's safe and that it's possible to eliminate pollutants and comply with all the limit values in line with the regulations in effect. and to show that after the composting and purification processes, you can use this material as fertilizer on fields. i'd o simply following her initial analysis, claudia kirsten is optimistic sulkily of our receive special permission to use its fertilizer. now the corn on the child field is ready for harvesting earlier than expected due to the drought. the soil mixed with the experimental fertilizer appears to have done a better job with supplying moisture to the corn than the untreated soil. safely above plans to focus next on using urine as a resource,

which right now still has to be disposed of in the sewage system. then i'm going to perfect the carmel would actually be the perfect combination. if we were able to bring all the nutrients we excrete together again in the form of agricultural fertilizer that's used to produce more food added. this now has a good smell of soil. that means for composting has gone well. the material has turned back into soil ada. the team is working on improving an automating urine composting in order to start processing larger amounts. ionic houses in florian augustine, never lose sight of the big picture to make their products so good. and so clean that they'll be put to use on feel on the festivals are providing more than enough raw material. well,

what we take from the art goes back to the uh, this is the norm and always will be the more the aligned to make this process sustainable. the more we guarantee a long life as a species. think about that and i'll see you again next week. good bye. and thanks for watching with ah, with,

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