mediterranean, ah, it's waters connect people of many cultures seen of almost rock enter far abdul karim drift along with exploring modern lifestyles and mediterranean. where has history left? its traces, reading regal, hearing their dreams editorially during this week, d. w. drought and flooding. extreme weather events are becoming ever more frequent all around the globe. in the united arab emirates, they've been trying to be increasing heath for years with rain making techniques, but doesn't work. at the polar ice caps, glaciers are melting at

a terrifying speed. and the glaciers are in the mountains. 2 researchers are battling to collect ancient ice, which is packed with climate history before it disappears forever. ah, welcome to tomorrow. today the science show on d. w. them an a, an hindu kush region is sometimes referred to as the 3rd pole. there are more glaciers in this region than anywhere else. apart from the north and south pole, they feed rivers with bye to water. but the big melt is even affecting lofty innovations, leading to flooding and landslides, like here in pakistan in the ups. global warming is also hitting hot. in summer 2022 glaciers shrunk more quickly than ever be

a team of scientists is trying to preserve the informational climate history that they contain, by taking ice coal samples in the else on the austin, italian border. it's 8 in the morning and the austrian alps. glacier researchers are heading up the vice. they spits the mountain a peak. it's 3500 meters high. they want to collect something valuable before it's too late. ancient ice cores. the ice on the vice, they spits a mountain is getting thinner. i said there was only 10 meters thick and 6000 years old. when it disappears or melt, we lose 6000 years of climate history. uncovering the ice cores at heights of 3500 meters require special equipment that's delivered by helicopter. the helicopter makes

multiple trips to transfer equipment and the research team to the summit of the vice they spitzer. the helicopter flies almost 1000 meters into the air over the glacier ski resort. but the researchers aren't interested in the ice from these normal glaciers, which are also known as temperate glaciers. they're on a search for what's known as a polar glacier. glaciers are formed high up in the mountains where the snow never melts. when it snows again, the old snow underneath it is pressed to ice. the majority of glaciers and the apps are temperate or warm based glaciers. that means the temperature of the ice is just barely below freezing. under the ice itself is a layer of water, which allows the glacier to slide into the valley. that's why it's ice is rarely more than 100 years old. polar glaciers,

like the one on vice they spits on the other hand, don't move at all. it's ice is a few degrees colder than that of temperate glaciers and their frozen solid on the bottom. polar glaciers are rare in the alps. up here at heights of 3500 meters is 6000 year old glacier ice. for now at least, researchers fear that in 10 to 20 years, all of it will be gone. temperatures up here can be as low as minus 15 degrees celsius. tough conditions for spending an entire day in one spot. strong winds complicate their work as well. we had learned that v, we are currently building a wind fence so we can work in areas that are protected from the gus for that. so we need these pieces of wood to keep it stable, that there's more than

a meter of snow on top of the glaciers ice. it has to be removed before drilling for the ancient ice cores can begin. the 5 person team needs about an hour to prepare everything. they open, the wind guard in the tent, set up the require devices and prepare the bore hole up here from here out to the sun, has to work for us. when it goes away, we lose our power source and what we do have a battery, but it doesn't last for the drilling process happening. that's why our drill is attached to a solar panel of solar charged controller and de battery can my slow thing. we can actually get started now i initially the drilled easily but 1.5 meters down. it's already more difficult. i miss until i really have to watch out that the drill

doesn't get stuck and pull it out on time to get it off the door. north walgreens and ami there shows how much power the drill is currently using. if it suddenly swings upwards, the drill must be removed immediately. otherwise it will freeze the ice cores have layers that are similar to tree rings. light airy eyes alternates with dark eyes full of dust, soot, and organic deposits. some layers contain dust from the sahara desert or volcanic ash. the age of the ice layers can be determined by historical records, yet seen vill oh here with somewhere at the beginning of the molten era,

at the end of the middle ages, the highlands that was settled at the time was soon left behind because another 13 inches of ice formed in the course of the little ice age and the whole of europe was cold. it was warmer, the full yup. that we know that there's been ice at this location permanently for 6000 years. there were glaciers here even during past warm periods. of the researchers try to recover as many cores as possible air and organic material from past centuries and millennia had been preserved in the ice. and we'll later be analyzed in the lab. this elderly oldest age we're finding is at the very bottom, and we're most interested in just how old it is. now, i have to say really, that it's the replaceable priceless. as soon as it's gone, it's gone. you won't be able to collect it anymore. gold and there are a few places where you can find ice like it on them,

so we're collecting it now to enrich our knowledge. says of greg, those does in it there, which means that we're possibly quite close to the bottom already. well, i am good. every piece, no matter how small is carefully bagged. after about 3 hours of uninterrupted drilling, they finally reached their goal. oh, wrong. the last ice core is brought up to the surface. again. it's 6000 years old. and now the scientists have to hurry again. the helicopter is returning at 4 p. m sharp that carefully load the ice cores into cold boxes. keeping them cool is essential for preserving valuable knowledge about the past. them in the veil, beverly and we'll see which epochs of the last 6000 years were favorable for glaciers and which were unfavourable. and then we can better classify today's

climate change. because the basic question is how unusual the processes that we observe today. i have they occurred before in the past where they're past room e polk sine. if so, how long with a, how warm with a and we expect to answer to these questions here and lot of these are for a few ice cores will be stored for posterity. so that future scientists can study them with even better analytical methods. these scientists are also drilling deep into the past in the c bet north of an article they did to dna that dates back 1000000 years. dna analysis of the sediment can reveal what lived in the war to win and provide climate information. diatoms, for example, in wound pilot phases,

algae species were able to breed successfully and populate the see in large number being deposited over thousands of years on the sea bed. analyzing the drill cause can also help researchers better understand how human induced climate change might affect the waters of antarctica in the future. one thing is clear as the waters wore many glaciers in antarctica are melting, including the doomsday glacier. this is weights one of the world's largest glaciers. it's located in western and talk to her and covers 192000 square kilometers. that makes it roughly the size of senegal, nicknamed the doomsday iglesia, the melting of it would lead to numerous flooded coastal cities. an international team of researches has now mapped the retreat of the ice giant over the centuries. the results of worrying to say the least,

the glazier is falling apart much faster than originally thought. so wait laser itself could contribute around 60 centimeters globally to sea level rise. the problem is in fact that weights have such a central position in the west antarctic. i see that it's retreat and eventually collapse could cause the whole western i think i see to collapse and that would mean more than 3 meters of sea level rise. the threats glazier is part of the marine ice sheet. unlike some other glaciers on dry land, weights is grounded in the sea bed. one part called the ice shelf, floats on the water, and that's the problem. as a result of our greenhouse gas emissions, the water is getting warmer. as it heat south, it melts the glee caea from below. in a normal situation,

the ice coming down from the ice sheet is in balance with the ice last by melt. if the system is not in balance, then there's more ice melting, and the grounding line is retreating inlet because of the particular geometry of the earth, weight glazed, and also the west of arctic ice heat. it is getting deeper and deeper towards the inland areas, and that means that the whole system is prone to a so called my read ice seat instability. scientists have found that in the last 30 years, the point where the ice starts to float retreated 14 kilometers. further inland to put it simply, much of the ice that used to rest on land is now floating on water. all has a ready melted. research is one that we might now have reached a tipping point, where large parts of the ice shelf might simply collapse. so the ice shelves,

half a so called buttress, inc force, that means they're floating on the sea, but on the sides and sometimes also in front. they are in contact with small islands or little hills on the site. and this gives some restriction, some property to break the flow of the ice. so if the ice self disappears than this, but twisting effect will become smaller and threats later will most likely increase its flow velocity. and sweeps isn't the only iglesia melting. scientists estimate that by 2100 sea levels may rise by around a meter or even more said the millions of people around the world. we live in coastal areas that's really bad. knees rising sea levels means that they will be hit by more frequent and more extreme floods. so it's vital to take immediate action scientists say. and the only way to do that is by

reducing on greenhouse gas emissions as drastically and quickly as possible. flaw hurricanes and so those are another span of effect of wilma oceans and we'll may data indicates that climate change is also making them longer lasting and more destructive hurricane even hit the gulf of mexico, particularly hot in september 2022 for us. seems especially vulnerable to luis kara from panama, wanted to know why why are there so many hurricanes in the usa? hurricanes are tropical cyclones. their extreme wind speeds and heavy rains can

cause massive damage. and strike fear into the hearts of many hurricanes can reach a few 100 kilometers in diameter and rage over the same spot. for hours they form near the equator, over large bodies of water warm to 26 degrees celsius or more. only storms that develop over the atlantic or over the eastern and central pacific are called hurricanes. with the hurricane season runs from june until late november. that's when large amounts of water evaporate and rise with a warm air. as the earth rotates air masses, north and south of the equator, are deflected by what's known as the cory oldest force. these masses start to spin, producing a swirling cyclone. at its center is the eye of the hurricane,

a wind and rain free zone with few clouds. when such cyclones form and tropical or sub tropical zones, they usually move in a westerly or northwesterly direction. in the atlantic, this means hurricanes off and head toward the east coast of the us, where the gulf streams warm current only serves to fuel the storms. fury in 2017, a nasa satellite captured this image of 3 hurricanes, approaching the southeastern united states from space. we can now observe in great detail how hurricanes form and where they travel the path taken by all atlantic hurricanes in 2021 can be seen here. several hit the us east coast. yet the west coast escaped largely unscathed.

most hurricanes headed west into the open ocean. southeast asia has tropical cyclones, too. though here there call typhoons a 3rd of all such storms occur. they're making it the world's most affected region. people have always lung to change the course of stoves. omen if he liked the weather in other ways in the us. the 1940s ashett in a new era of weather modification in 1947, these men were getting ready to fly into a hurricane. ah oh, they will the team behind project, cirrus, a us government initiative to try to manipulate a hurricane vincent j. schaeffer headed up the team. in his

laboratory, he discovered that he could modify clouds by adding dry ice. with this knowledge, his team flew 3 aircraft directly into a hurricane. they dropped 36 kilos of dry ice into the stone and they reported seeing a change in the clouds. ah, the method was called cloud seating. ah, it mimics what happens inside rain clouds. the water vapor in the air condenses to form drops with the help of tiny particles like dust or ice crystals or artificial seating agents like dry ice or salt. when the jobs get big enough, they rained down. and the big hope is that cloud seating can bring rain to regions

where it's desperately needed in the desert state of the united arab emirates. they've been trying this for years. okay. and does mod, as busy fishing his plane with an unconventional payload? 48 fold cartridges in the hope of making the clouds crying. he's a rainmaker. and today he fancies his chances. the 57 year old swede makes one last check before takeoff. he has just 3 hours to get his charge into the clouds. above the arab emirates, a challenging task. the club seating dodson. he didn't do so for 1st like me because i spent most of my career trying to avoid clouds for the comfort of of the passengers. where us now are fly. no, no sir, not inside of the cloud, but just at the edge of it. and it can be quite disturbing. lift off from the

desert into the clouds with hazy visibility and a temperature of $35.00 degrees celsius. it's a mission with an ambitious goal. water is scarce in the emirates, but consumed in abundance and glitzy cities. light due by the construction industry is booming, and every year around 800000 people move to the oil rich federation. despite rising temperatures and falling ground water levels, crop cultivation and the emirates is becoming increasingly difficult. so law, our hummadi thought he'd try his hand at farming when he retired from his former job 5 years ago. the 63 year old now grooves, figgs, pomegranate maze, and dates on his small plot of land. on the outskirts of dubai, he fetches the water from a well 300 meters deep. every year the level drops further. he can water his fruits

for a maximum of 3 hours a day. he tells us that many whither in the blazing heat and cannot be sold. with him, sir la l hummadi often looks to a higher power for help available only pray for rain, imploring your might to provide us with water without water, a man is worth nothing. montessori said that her mother's wishes at the national center for meteorology in abu dhabi. scientist said, trying more down to earth mathis. p. o. augment our kamali presented the current weather data to the team, and ventures a full council as to which clowns will appear when and where for the for with clouds are by no means rare over the emirates, but false. you often they don't bring again with the full propeller plains, the scientists, therefore she, sodium and potassium chloride into the clown. the fault particles find water become heavy and rain down. interestingly,

the scientists say their activity don't lead to less rain elsewhere. they say the results from 15 years of practice are encouraging we has done recently a, a study about the the enhancement of rainfall. and it has turned out that the cloud seating actually in the u. e. increases the rainfall of about 23 percent on an average. on best situation it can reach up to 35 percent off in house single for info, heavy cloud. so gathering in the sky over the gulf. it's important that things now proceed quickly and you'll ask man to, i'll kamali radios and does model and gives him the coordinates of a promising cumulus cloud. the pilot picks up the trail and steers towards it. timing is everything now. there's so

many things going on at the same time. you have to fly the airplane, i have to navigate the raw, the cloud so that in time and space, you're in the correct place. but you must also navigate in relation to the actual cloud formations. why on command and as marge fires full rounds, slowly turning as he doesn't in the control room, the meteorologists are already looking for the next cloud that he can head full. he seeds up to 20 in 3 hours. success often follows very quickly, happy moments that the whole team i am convinced this technique works and i'm, i'm not saying that there might not be some other method that is conceived in the future, which is possibly a better method. but at the moment,

i believe in what we are doing. oh, rain is often seen as a blessing in the desert. whether phenomena have fascinated salon al hummadi since he was a child. whenever he can, the farmer from dubai, films, the rain, the devout muslim, considers it legitimate that man, not to allah makes it. no, manila koran doesn't forbid science. on the contrary, it's important that people find ways to invent things that are of benefit humanity . so we ashad them file in the past. people didn't really think too much about cloud shamika dumpster, but luckily much of a, it's in the session why we have to look for ways to get more water. hi, john denzil, am about critique say the emirates, multi $1000000.00 seating program is unscientific and that its apparent success remains unproven. claims rejected by the head of the national meteorology center. he also points out that disseminating sea water is many times more expensive than

cloud seeding of it is a success. and we encourage, yeah, a lot of people will be involved with the walled methodical organization. or all the over the outward of this project will be as good for them. many companies know they are going to approach us and get the benefit of this year. out of this, this project announcement climbs out of his plane exhausted, but happy man. he fired off 40 of his cartridges, successfully seating full clouds. her today was a rainmaker. yes, i can proudly say so. report to see. and as mobs, expeditions might not be able to stop climate change or resolve the lack of water, but they can at least generate a little more of that precious commodity ray. if i will let is read why i gave you a number to you,

the science question about the space or something here and i then send it to us. if we answer your question a show whole sent you a little surprise as a thank you. come on just on that's it for this episode of tomorrow today. thanks for watching. and until next time. stay curious. a with with

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