even touch and flavors to enjoy watching. oh, so many cool places to discover and try again. maybe in 30 minutes on w a . what people have to say matters to us. i am. that's why we listen to the stories reporter every weekend on d. w. drought and flooding extreme weather events are becoming ever more frequent all around the globe. in the united arab emirates, they've been trying to be increasing heath for years with rain making techniques, but doesn't work. at the polar ice caps, places are melting out

a terrifying speed. and the glaciers are in the mountains to research is are battling to collect ancient ice, which is packed with climate history before it disappears for ever. ah, welcome to tomorrow to day. the science show on d. w. them and they in hindu kush region, is sometimes referred to as the 3rd pole. there are more glaciers in this region than anywhere else. apart from the north and south pole, they feed rivers with vi to water. but the big melt is even affecting lofty innovations leading to flooding and land slides like here in pakistan in the ups, global warming is also hitting hot. in summer 2022 glaciers shrunk more quickly than ever before. a team of scientists is trying to preserve the informational

climate history that they contain by taking ice coal samples in the else on the austin italian, bowden. it's 8 in the morning in the austrian alps. glacier researchers are heading up the vice. they spit the mountain a peak, that's 3500 meters high. they want to collect something valuable before it's too late. ancient ice cores. the ice on the vice, they spits a mountain is getting thinner. ice up there is only 10 meters thick and 6000 years old. when it disappears or melt will lose 6000 years of climate history . uncovering the ice cores at heights of 3500 meters requires special equipment that's delivered by helicopter. the helicopter makes

multiple trips to transfer equipment and the research team to the summit of the vice they spitzer. the helicopter flies almost 1000 meters into the air over the glacier ski resort. but the researchers aren't interested in the ice from these normal glaciers, which are also known as temperate glaciers. there on a search for what's known as a polar glacier glaciers are formed high up in the mountains where the snow never melts. when it slows again, the old snow underneath it is pressed to ice. the majority of glaciers and the alps are temperate are warm based glaciers. that means the temperature of the ice is just barely below. freezing. under the ice itself is a layer of water which allows the glacier to slide into the valley. that's why its ice is rarely more than 100 years old. holder glaciers like the one

on vices. a schmidt's on the other hand, don't move at all. it's ice is a few degrees colder than that of temperate glaciers and their frozen solid on the bottom. polar glaciers are rare in the alps. up here at heights of 3500 meters, a 6000 year old glacier ice. for now, at least, researchers fear that in 10 to 20 years, all of it will be gone. temperatures up here can be as low as minus 15 degrees celsius. tough conditions for spending an entire day in one spot. strong winds complicate their work as well. midland nathan v, we are currently building a wind fence so we can work in areas that are protected from the gus that so we need these pieces of wood to keep it stable. say

there's more than a meter of snow on top of the glaciers ice. it has to be removed before drilling for the ancient ice cores can begin. the fi person team needs about an hour to prepare everything. they opened the wind guard and the tent, set up the require devices and prepare the bore hole. up here from here out to the sun has to work for us. when it goes away, we lose our power source. and so we do have a battery, but it doesn't last for the drilling process happening. that's why our drill is attached to a solar panel of solar charged controller and to battery can my slow thing we can actually get started. now initially the drill goes in easily, but 1.5 meters down. it's already more difficult. in this and south,

i really have to watch out that the drill doesn't get stuck and pull it out on time exit at austin or north. it was an army, there shows how much power the drill is currently using. if it's suddenly swings upwards, the drill must be removed immediately. otherwise it will. these the ice cores have layers that are similar to tree rings. light airy eyes alternates with dark eyes full of dust, soot, an organic deposits. some layers contain dust from the sahara desert or volcanic ash. the age of the ice layers can be determined by historical records, yet seen vill oh here with somewhere at the beginning of the modern era. at the end

of the middle ages, the highlands that was settled at the time was soon left behind because another 30 meters of ice formed in the course of the little ice age. and the whole of europe was cold. it was woman before him, but we know that there has been ice at this location permanently for 6000 years. there were places here even during past one periods of the researchers try to recover as many cores as possible air and organic material from past centuries and millennia had been preserved in the ice and will later be analyzed in the lab. his elbow, he oldest eyes were finding is at the very bottom, and we're most interested in just how old it is. now, i have to say really, that it's the replaceable priceless. as soon as it's gone, it's gone. you won't be able to collect it any more gold and there are a few places where you can find ice like it on them. so we're collecting it now to

enrich our knowledge. there's a direct does, does in it that which means that we're possibly quite close to the bottom already. well, i am going to see every piece, no matter how small is carefully bagged. after about 3 hours of uninterrupted drilling, they finally reached their goal. oh, and then i wrote the last ice core is brought up to the surface. again. it's 6000 years old. and now the scientists have to hurry again. the helicopter is returning at 4 pm sharp, that carefully low the ice cores into cold boxes. keeping them cool is essential for preserving valuable knowledge about the past. dumb end develop at the end we'll see which epochs of the last 6000 years were favorable for glaciers and which were

unfavourable. and then we can better classify today's climate change. because the basic question is how unusual are the processes that we observe today? i have, they occurred before in the past where their past warm epoch sign, if so, how long were they, how warm with a and we expect answers to these questions here and lot of these are from a few ice cores will be stored for posterity. so that future scientists can study them with even better analytical methods. these scientists are also drilling deep into the past. in the c bed north event article, they did say to dna that dates back 1000000 years. dna analysis of the sediment can reveal what lived in the war to win and provide climate information. diatoms, for example, in warm climate phases,

algae species were able to breed successfully and populate the sea in large numbers, being deposited over thousands of years on the sea bed. analyzing the drill cause can also help researchers better understand how human induced climate change might affect the waters of antarctica in the future. one thing is clear as the waters wore many glaciers in antarctica are melting, including the doomsday glacier. this is weights one of the world's largest glaciers. it's located in western antarctica and covers 192000 square kilometers. that makes it roughly the size of senegal, nicknamed the doomsday iglesia, the melting of it would lead to numerous flooded coastal cities. an international team of researches has now mapped the retreat of the ice giant over the centuries. the results of worrying to say the least,

the glacier is falling apart much faster than originally thought. don't wait leisure itself could contribute around 60 centimeters globally to sea level rise. the problem is in fact that weights has such a central position in the west antarctic. i see that it's retreats and eventually collapse could cause the whole western i think i see to collapse and that would mean more than 3 meters of sea level rise. the sweeps glacier is part of the marine ice sheet. unlike some other glaciers on dry land, weights is grounded in the sea bed. one part called the ice shelves, floats on the water, and that's a problem. as a result of our greenhouse gas emissions, the water is getting warmer. as it heat south, it melts the glacier from below. in a normal situation,

the ice coming down from the ice sheet is in balance with the ice last by melt. if the system is not in balance, then there's more ice melting and the grounding line is retreating in length because of the particular geometry of the earth, weights glazed, and also the west antarctic ice heat. it is getting deeper and deeper towards the inland areas, and that means that the whole system is prone to a so called marine ice seat instability. scientists have found that in the last 30 years, the point where the ice starts to float retreated, 14 kilometers, farther inland. to put it simply, much of the ice that used to rest on land is now floating on water. all has a ready melted. research is worn that we might now have reached a tipping point where large parts of the ice shelf might simply collapse. so the

ice cells have the so called buttress, inc. force. that means they're floating on the sea, but on the sides and sometimes also in front. they are in contact with small islands or little hills on the site. and this gives some restriction, some property to break the flow of the ice. so if the ice self disappears, then this, but through thing effect will become smaller and threats. glazer will most likely increase it. flow velocity and sweeps isn't the only iglesia melting. scientists estimate that by 2100 sea levels may rise by a round and meter or even more said the millions of people around the world you live in coastal areas. that's really bad news. rising sea levels means that they will be hit by more frequent and more extreme floods. so it's

vital to take immediate action scientists say. and the only way to do that is by reducing on greenhouse gas emissions as drastically and quickly as possible. more harry haines, and so those are another's been of effect of warmer oceans and warm air data indicates that climate change is also making them longer. lasting and more destruct. hurricane ian hit the gulf of mexico particularly hot in september 2022. the us seems especially vulnerable, luis kara, from panama, wanted to know like why are there so many hurricanes in the usa? hurricanes are tropical cyclones. their extreme wind speeds and heavy rains can

cause massive damage. and strike fear into the hearts of many hurricane can reach a few 100 kilometers in diameter and rage over the same spot for hours. they form near the equator, over large bodies of water, warm to 26 degrees celsius or more only storms that develop over the atlantic or over the eastern and central pacific are called hurricanes. the hurricane season runs from june until late november. that's when large amounts of water evaporate and rise with a warm air. as the earth rotates air masses, north and south of the equator, are deflected by what's known as the cory oldest force. these masses start to spin, producing a swirling cyclone. at its center is the eye of the hurricane. a

wind and rain freeze on with few clouds. when such cyclones form and tropical or sub tropical zones, they usually move in a westerly or north westerly direction. in the atlantic, this means hurricanes off and head toward the east coast of the us, where the gulf streams warm current only serves to fuel. the storms. fury in 2017, a nasa satellite captured this image of 3 hurricanes, approaching the southeastern united states from space. we can now observe in great detail how hurricane's form and where they travel the path taken by all atlantic hurricanes in 2021 can be seen here. several hit the u. s. east coast. yet the west coast escaped largely unscathed.

most hurricanes headed west into the open ocean. southeast asia has tropical cyclones, too. though here there call typhoons a 3rd of all such storms occur. they're making it the world's most affected region. people have always long to change the course of stoves or manipulate the weather in other ways. in the us, the 1940s i should in a new era of weather modification. in 1947, these men were getting ready to fly into a hurricane. ah, they were the team behind project, cirrus, a us government initiative to try to manipulate a hurricane vincent j shanpa headed up the team in his

laboratory, he discovered that he could modify close by adding dry ice. with this knowledge, his team flew 3 i croft directly into a hurricane. they dropped 36 kilos of dry ice into the stone and they reported seeing a change in the clouds. ah, the method was called cloud seating. it mimics what happens inside rain clouds. the water vapor in the air condenses to form drops with the help of tiny particles like dust or ice crystals or artificial seating agents like dry ice or salt. when the drops get you know, they rained down. the big hope is that cloud seating can bring rain to regions

where it's desperately needed in the desert state of the united arab emirates. they've been trying this for years. okay. and as mad as busy fitting his plane with an unconventional payload. 48 salt cartridges in the hope of making the clouds crying. he's a rainmaker. and today he fancies his chances. the 57 year old swede makes one last check before takeoff. he has just 3 hours to get his charge into the clouds. above the arab emirates, a challenging task. the cloud seating, noticing it is all for person like me, because i spent most of my career trying to avoid clouds for the comfort of the passengers. where us now are fly madness serving out inside of the cloud. but just stuck the edge of it, and it can be quite disturbing. lift off from the desert into the clouds,

with hazy visibility and a temperature of $35.00 degrees celsius. it's a mission with an ambitious goal. water is scarce in the emirates, but consumed in abundance and glittering cities like dubai. the construction industry is booming, and every year around $800000.00 people move to the oil rich federation. despite rising temperatures and falling ground water levels, crop cultivation and the emirates is becoming increasingly difficult. sellers are hummadi thought he'd try his hand at farming when he retired from his former job 5 years ago. the 63 year old now growth figs, pomegranate maids, and dates on his small plot of land on the outskirts of dubai. he which is the water from a well 300 meters deep. every year the level drops further. he can water his fruits

for a maximum of 3 hours a day. he tells us that many whither in the blazing heat and cannot be sold within sir la l. her. marty often looks to a higher power for help of all of a little early pray for rain, imploring pure might to provide us with water without water. a man is worth. nothing massages that are most vicious. at the national center for meteorology in abu dhabi, scientist said, trying more down to earth methods for yellow, augment our kamali, presented the current weather data to the team, and ventures of forecastle as to which clowns will appear when and where we're with clouds are by no means rare over the emirates, but far too often they don't bring rain with their full propeller plains. the scientist therefore shoot sodium and potassium chloride into the clowns. the salt particles bind water become heavy and rain down. interestingly,

the scientists say their activities don't lead to less rain elsewhere. they say the results from 15 years of practice are encouraging. we have done recently a study about the the enhancement of rainfall. and it has turned out that the cloud seating actually in the u. e. increases the rainfall of about 23 percent on an average on best situation it can reach up to 35 percent of enhancing offering for heavy cloud for gathering in the sky over the gulf. it's important that things now proceed quickly. and i'll kamali radios and as models and gives him the coordinates of a promising cumulus cloud. the pilot picks up the trail and steer towards that. timing is everything. now. you're so

many things going on at the same time. you'll have to flood airplane to navigate there on the cloud, so that in time and space, you're in the correct place. but you must also navigate in relation to the actual cloud formations. on command ando's, march fires for rounds slowly turning as he does in the control room to meet your religious are already looking for the next cloud that he can head for he seats up to 20 in 3 hours. success often follows very quickly, happy moments that the whole team family, this technique works and i'm not saying that there might not be some other method that is conceived in the future, which is possibly

a better method. but at the moment, i believe, and what we are doing. rain is often seen as a blessing in the desert. whether phenomena have fascinated salon al hummadi since he was a child. whenever he can, the farmer from dubai, films, the rain, the devout muslim, considers it legitimate that man, not to allah makes it. no manila, moran doesn't forbid science. on the contrary, it's important that people find ways to invent things that are of benefit to humanity. so we ashad them file in the past, people didn't really think too much about clouds. you cut down a much of a, it's a necessity. yeah. we have to look for ways to get more water on it and then deliver them above critique, say the emirates, multi $1000000.00 seating program is unscientific, and that its apparent success remains unproven. claims rejected by the head of the national meteorology center. he also points out that d sullen aging sea water is

many times more expensive than cloud seeding of it is a success. and we encourage, yeah, a lot of people will be involved with the world methodical organization or all the m o that the outward of this project will be, as i'm good for them. many countries know they are going to approach us and get benefit of this year. out of this, this project announcement climbs out of his plane exhausted, but happy. he fired off 40 of his cartridges successfully seating full clouds. sure, sure. today was a rainmaker. yes, i can probably say so report to see, and as mobs, expeditions might not be able to stop climate change or resolve the lack of water, but they can at least generate a little more of that precious commodity re if i look what is read, why i gave you hated to use a science question about space or something here,

and i then send it to us. if we answer your question on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. i'm on just on that's it for this episode of tomorrow today. thanks for watching. and until next join. take curious. a with

who is city full of surprises? reporter. yes, we're told in the middle of the german state of north my west valia with plenty of major history. you can even touch and play those to enjoy

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