the right people, i'm in europe. northern. most count please. ah, for a time long. still very much alive. d. w, travel, your guy to his essential thought in germany, europe. and do you recognize that where exactly it was fun. i learned a lot. our culture history. all their d. w, travel extremely worth a visit with drought and flooding. extreme weather events are becoming ever more frequent all around the globe. in the united arab emirates, they've been trying to be increasing heath for years with rain making techniques, but doesn't work. at the polar ice caps, glaciers are melting out

a terrifying speed and the glaciers are in the mountains. 2 researchers are battling to collect ancient ice, which is packed with climate history before it disappears for ever. ah, welcome to tomorrow to day, the science show on d. w. them and they in hindu kush region, is sometimes referred to as the 3rd pole. there are more glaciers in this region than anywhere else. apart from the north and south pole, they feed rivers with bye to water. but the big melt is even affecting lofty innovations, leading to flooding and landslides, like here in pakistan in the ups global warming is also hitting hot. in summer 2022 glaciers shrunk. more quickly than ever. a team of scientists

is trying to preserve the informational climate history that they contain by taking ice coal samples in the else on the austin italian, bowden. it's 8 in the morning in the austrian alps. glacier researchers are heading up the vice. they spit the mountain a peak, that's 3500 meters high. they want to collect something valuable before it's too late. ancient ice cores. the ice on the vice, they spits a mountain is getting thinner. ice up there is only 10 meters thick and 6000 years old. when it disappears or melt will lose 6000 years of climate history . uncovering the ice cores at heights of 3500 meters requires special equipment that's delivered by helicopter. the helicopter makes

multiple trips to transfer equipment and the research team to the summit of the vice they spitzer. the helicopter flies almost 1000 meters into the air over the glacier ski resort. but the researchers aren't interested in the ice from these normal glaciers, which are also known as temperate glaciers. they're on a search for what's known as a polar glacier. glaciers are formed high up in the mountains where the snow never melts. when it slows again, the old snow underneath it is pressed to ice. the majority of glaciers and the alps are temperate or warm based glaciers. that means the temperature of the ice is just barely below freezing. under the ice itself is a layer of water which allows the glacier to slide into the valley. that's why its ice is rarely more than 100 years old. polar glaciers like the one

on vices. a schmidt's on the other hand, don't move at all. it's ice is a few degrees colder than that of temperate glaciers and their frozen solid on the bottom. polar glaciers are rare in the alps. up here at heights of 3500 meters is 6000 year old glacier ice. for now, at least, researchers fear that in 10 to 20 years, all of it will be gone. temperatures up here can be as low as minus 15 degrees celsius. tough conditions for spending an entire day in one spot. strong winds complicate their work as well. we had learned that v, we are currently building a wind fans so we can work in areas that are protected from the gus for that. so we need these pieces of wood to keep it stable. say

there's more than a meter of snow on top of the glaciers ice. it has to be removed before drilling for the ancient ice cores can begin. the fi person team needs about an hour to prepare everything. they opened the wind guard and the tent, set up the require devices and prepare the bore hole. up here from here out to the sun has to work for us. when it goes away, we lose our power source, and so we do have a battery, but it doesn't last for the drilling process happening. that's why our drill is attached to a solar panel of solar charged controller and to battery. can my slow thing, we can actually get started. now. initially the drill goes in easily. but 1.5 meters down. it's already more the course of miss and south. i really have to

watch out that the drill doesn't get stuck and pull it out on time. ignited austin, or north was an army there shows how much power the drill is currently using. if it suddenly swings upwards, the drill must be removed immediately. otherwise it will freeze the ice cores have layers that are similar to tree rings. light airy eyes alternates with dark eyes full of dust to soot. an organic deposits. some layers contain dust from the sahara desert or volcanic ash. the age of the ice layers can be determined by historical records, yet seen vill oh here with somewhere at the beginning of the molten era,

at the end of the middle ages, the highlands that was settled at the time was seen left behind because another 30 meters of ice formed in the course of the little ice age and the whole of europe was cold. it was woman before him, but we know that there has been ice at this location permanently for 6000 years. there were glaciers here even during past warm periods. of the researchers try to recover as many cores as possible air and organic material from past centuries and millennia have been preserved in the ice and will later be analyzed in the lab. his elbow, he oldest out we're finding is at the very bottom, and we're most interested in just how old it is. now, i have to say really, that it's the replaceable priceless. as soon as it's gone, it's gone. you won't be able to collect it any more gold and there are a few places where you can find ice like it on them. so we're collecting it now to

enrich our knowledge. those are correct does does in it there, which means that we're possibly quite close to the bottom already. well, i am going to see every piece, no matter how small is carefully bagged. after about 3 hours of uninterrupted drilling, they finally reached their goal. oh, wrong. the last ice core is brought up to the surface. again. it's 6000 years old. and now the scientists have to hurry again. the helicopter is returning at 4 p. m sharp that carefully low the ice cores into cold boxes. keeping them cool is essential for preserving valuable knowledge about the past them in the veil. beverly and we'll see which epochs of the last 6000 years were favorable for

glaciers and which were unfavourable. and then we can best classify today's climate change because the basic question is how unusual are the processes that we observe today? have they occurred before in the past no matter where their past room epoch sign? if so, how long with a, how warm with a and we expect answers to these questions here and lot of these are for a few ice cores will be stored for posterity. so that future scientists can study them with even better analytical methods. these scientists are also drilling deep into the past in the c bed north event article, they did the dna that dates back 1000000 years. dna analysis of the sediment can reveal what lived in the war to win and provide climate information. diatoms, for example, in one kind of phases l t species we're able to breed successfully and populate the

c and large number being deposited over thousands of years on the sea bed. analyzing the drill cause can also help researchers better understand how human induced climate change might affect the waters of antarctica in the future. one thing is clear as the waters will many glaciers in antarctica are melting, including the doomsday glacier. this is the weights one of the world's largest glaciers. it's located in western and talked to go and covers 192000 square kilometers. that makes it roughly the size of senegal, nicknamed the doomsday iglesia, the melting of it would lead to numerous flooded coastal cities. an international team of researches has now mapped the retreat of the ice giant over the centuries. the results of worrying to say the least,

the glazier is falling apart much faster than originally thought. don't wait, leisure itself could contribute around 60 centimeters globally to sea level rise. the problem is in fact that weights have such a central position in the western pike. i see that it's retrieved and the venture or collapse could cause the whole western i think i see to collapse and that would mean more than 3 meters of sea level rise. the threats glazier is part of the marine ice sheet. unlike some other glaciers on dry land, weights is grounded in the sea bed. one part called the ice shelf, floats on the water, and that's the problem. as a result of our greenhouse gas emissions, the water is getting warmer. as it heats up, it melts the glee caea from below. in a normal situation,

the ice coming down from the ice sheet is in balance with the ice last by melt. if the system is not in balance, then there's more ice melting, and the grounding line is retreating in length because of the particular geometry of the earth, weights glazed, and also the west antarctic ice heat. it is getting deeper and deeper towards the inland areas, and that means that the whole system is prone to a so called marine ice seat instability. scientists have found that in the last 30 years, the point where the ice starts to float retreated, 14 kilometers, further inland. to put it simply, much of the ice that used to rest on land is now floating on water. all has a ready melted. research is one that we might now have reached a tipping point, where large parts of the ice shelf might simply collapse. so the ice shells

half of so called buttress inc force, that means they're floating on the sea, but on the sides and sometimes also in front. they are in contact with small islands or little hills on the site. and this gives some restriction, some property to break the flow of the ice. so if the ice self disappears, then this, but racing effect will become smaller, and the threats glazer will most likely increase it. flow velocity. and sweeps isn't the only iglesia melting. scientists estimate that by 2100 sea levels may rise by around a meter or even more said the millions of people around the world, you live in coastal areas that's really bad. knees rising sea levels means that they will be hit by more frequent and more extreme floods. so it's vital to take immediate action scientists say. and the only way to do that is

by reducing on greenhouse gas emissions as drastically and quickly as possible. mole hurricanes and so those are another's been of effect of warmer oceans. and warmer air data indicates that climate change is also making them longer lasting and more destructive hurricane in hit the gulf of mexico particularly hard in september 2022. the us seems especially vulnerable. louise kara, from panama, wanted to know why. why are there so many hurricanes in the usa? hurricanes are tropical cyclops. their extreme wind speeds and heavy rains can

cause massive damage. and strike fear into the hearts of many hurricane can reach a few 100 kilometers in diameter and rage over the same spot. for hours. they formed near the equator, over large bodies of water, warm to 26 degrees celsius or more only storms that develop over the atlantic or over the eastern and central pacific are called hurricanes. the hurricane season runs from june until late november. that's when large amounts of water evaporate and rise with a warm air. as the earth rotates air masses, north and south of the equator, are deflected by what's known as the cory oldest force. these masses start to spin, producing a swirling cyclone. at its center is the eye of the hurricane,

a wind and rain free zone with few clouds. when such cyclones form and tropical or sub tropical zones, they usually move in a westerly or north westerly direction. in the atlantic, this means hurricanes off and head toward the east coast of the us, where the gulf streams warm current only serves to fuel. the storms. fury in 2017, a nasa satellite captured this image of 3 hurricanes, approaching the southeastern united states from space. we can now observe in great detail how hurricanes form and where they travel the path taken by all atlantic hurricanes in 2021 can be seen here. several hit the us east coast. yet the west coast escaped largely unscathed.

most hurricanes headed west into the open ocean. southeast asia has tropical cyclones, too. though here there call typhoons a 3rd of all such storms occur. they're making it the world's mo, affected region. ah, people have always long to change the course of stores or manipulate the weather in other ways. in the us, the 1940s i should in a new era of weather modification. in 1947, these men were getting ready to fly into a hurricane. ah, they with a team behind project, cirrus, a u. s. government initiative to try to manipulate a hurricane vincent j scheffer headed up the team in his

laboratory, he discovered that he could modify clouds by adding dry ice. with this knowledge, his team flew 3 aircraft directly into a hurricane. they dropped 36 kilos of dry ice into the storm and they reported seeing a change in the clouds. ah, the method was called cloud seeding. it mimics what happens inside rain clouds. the water vapor in the air condenses to form drops with the help of tiny particles like dust or ice crystals or artificial seating agents like dry ice or salt with when the jobs get big enough they rained down. and the big hope is that cloud seating can bring rain to regions where it's desperately needed in the desert state

of the united arab emirates. they've been trying this for years and does mod, as busy fishing his playing with an unconventional payload? 48 salt cartridges in the home of making the clouds crying. he's a rainmaker. and today he fancies his chances. the 57 year old swede makes one last check before takeoff. he has just 3 hours to get his charge into the clouds. above the arab emirates, a challenging task. the club seating, noticing this'll for person like me. because i spent most of my career trying to avoid clouds for the comfort of the passengers. where us now are fly madness, serving out inside of the cloud, but you're stuck the edge of it. and it can require to turban lift off from the

desert into the clouds with hazy visibility and a temperature of $35.00 degrees celsius. it's a mission with an ambitious goal. water is scarce in the emirates, but consumed in abundance and glitzy cities. light due by the construction industry is booming, and every year around 800000 people move to the oil rich federation. despite rising temperatures and falling groundwater levels cropped, cultivation and the emirates is becoming increasingly difficult. so law, our hummadi thought to try his hand at farming when he retired from his former job . 5 years ago. the 63 year old now growth figs pomegranates, mays and dates on his small plot of land. on the outskirts of dubai, he fetches the water from a well 300 meters deep. every year the level drops further. he can water his fruits

for a maximum of 3 hours a day. he tells us that many whither in the blazing heat and cannot be sold. with him, sir la l hummadi often looks to a higher power for help available, only pray for rain, imploring beyond my provide us with water without water, a man is worth nothing. mon, associated the sum of those wishes at the national center for meteorology in abu dhabi. scientists are trying more down to earth methods for yellow, augment our kamali presents the current weather data to the team, and ventures a full council as to which clowns will appear when and where are the for with clouds are by no means rare over the emirates, but far too often, they don't bring rain with their full propeller plains. the scientists therefore shoot sodium and potassium chloride into the clouds. the salt particles bind water

become heavy and rain down. interestingly, the scientists say their activities don't lead to less rain elsewhere. they say the results from 15 years of practice are encouraging we has done recently a study about at the a, the enhancement of free and full. and it has turned out that the cloud seating actually in the u. e. increases the rainfall of about 23 percent on an average. on best situation it can reach up to 35 percent off in housing offering for heavy clouds, the gathering in the sky over the gulf. it's important that things now proceed quickly. you'll augment, i'll kamali radios and as models and gives him the coordinates of a promising cumulus cloud. the pilot picks up the trail and steers towards it. timing is everything now. you're so

many things going on at the same time. you have to fly the airplane. i have to navigate the raw, the cloud, so that in time and space, you're in the correct glares, but you must also navigate in relation to the actual cloud formations. why on command, and does mont fires full rounds? slowly turning, as he doesn't in the control room, the meteorologists are already looking for the next cloud that he can head full. he seats up to 20 in 3 hours. success often follows very quickly, happy moments that the whole team. i am convinced this technique works and i'm not saying that there might not be some other method that is conceived in the future, which is possibly a better method. but at the moment,

i believe and what we are doing. oh, rain is often seen as a blessing in the desert. whether phenomena have fascinated salon. i body since he was a child. whenever he can, the farmer from dubai, films, the reign the devout muslim, considers it legitimate that man, not allah makes it. no manila, moran doesn't forbid science. on the contrary, it's important that people find ways to invent things that are of benefit humanity, how we ashad them file in the past. people didn't really think too much about cloud thompson, but other than what she they, it's a necessity why we have to look for ways to get more water on john then williams. the realtor is many times more expensive than cloud seeding was. it is a success. and we encourage her, a lot of people were already involved with the world methodical organization or all the other, the outward of this project will be,

as i'm good for them. many countries know they are trying to approach us and get benefit of this year. out of this project and there's man climbs out of his plane exhausted, but happy. he fired off 40 of his cartridges successfully feeding full clouds. sure, sure. today was a rainmaker. yes, i can proudly say so. report to see. and as mobs, expeditions might not be able to stop climate change or resolve the lack of water, but they can at least generate a little more of that precious commodity re if i with what is read, why i gave you lately to use a science question about space or something here, and i then send it to us. if we answer your question on the show who sent you a little surprise as a thank you. come on to starz. that's

it for this episode of tomorrow to day. thanks for watching. and until next time, stay curious. ah ah, with

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ah . this is dw news live from berlin, ukraine and it's western allies denounced russian claims that he is planning to explode a radioactive bomb on its own territory. ukraine's president says he peers moscow could be planning such a move itself.