help people, companies and countries, leasing everything and making later changes were made on ford, cuba, if a massive cyber attack or something like that happens and we can reboot our country from the outside of a, from its own future after all. and if we don't do something, our children won't be able to enjoy fresh air will be low. you know, what if you're, if revealed, starts november 3rd on d, w? ah, with every creature as a please in nature, be to printer in the jungle and infected yet a plant in the depths of the ocean. each one is an important part of the food chain

and contributes to the ecological diversity on what can be due to preserve our biodiversity. that's what we talk about today. hello, welcome to eco india. i'm some of that. a good let's head to india as a himalayan region 1st, where grazing and varying of sheep has a long tradition for the change in wind production and consumer preferences has meant that the use of traditional himalayan bruce has a decline massive with a direct impact on the regions ecosystem. some organizations are now trying to change this. let's see how with this is and called threeish. markets is flocked together. the shepherd has been tending his sheep in he martin produces grasslands for the last 25 years.

ah ninfa brought back a brother as a kid, i used to love goats and sheep mangle used to ask me to accompany him and see how they lived in the wilderness. and he taught me how to live. that's all i got to dodge to the end of the lawyer, sir ish my belongs to the theme he nomadic. got the tribe he owns about $30000.00 rupees, or less than $400.00 euros a month from the seal of milken wool. but in recent years, it's become increasingly hard for his flock to find food, a crisis affecting many sheep, her doors in the region. bellville, my deposit is my uncle and i used to have 3000 sheep. now we have 702800. i thought the numbers plummeting day by day, our environment has changed a lot. it look like it's not autumn yet, but the leaves are falling trees or losing leaves and this will lead to

a grass shortage for sheep and the winter light of her. if the leaves fall early, we will, what will our sheep eat every day? their dignity, proschetti, every samar, more than 100000 shepherds lakes reach, migrate to higher altitude pastures in search of grazing land traditionally staying on until the arrival of winter. but as the climate change is, this practice is becoming more and more difficult. explain experts from the center for the best oral isn't because of the law and they have seen the practice of sitting water less talk all the scenes and everything is data and they move 15 days or earlier, which was not happen before. in addition to changing read the patterns, urban development has reduced the amount of breathing land. compounding the

shepherds predicament. according to government report, india lost more than 5 and a half 1000000 hectares of grasslands between 20052015. the lack of food for their livestock is becoming a challenge for her does affecting the help of sheep and in doing their produce the drugs been taking over for them up if you book with industrial purposes, there is enough research to show that grad plans are actually cobblins things, you know, because they hold much more carbon below than above. the nissan gosh, ship is well known here in that it all given edge of him out for these. he do belong to a family of theming nomadic herders and he's also a skilled artisan. he's local wal,

into the traditional north worn in the regions. he marlene shepherds have traditionally adopted skills like leaving, graduating and spinning to boost their income through the sale of wall and woolen garments. but the decline in numbers of local she breeds have impacted locally will production. and india began importing final long steeple wounds some 30 years ago when import that of the lifted. it flooded the market. acura nova, nowadays for the part that people with lucas prefer leaving them out of it in 30 cash 1000000 and nylon, which are softer. they preferred wearing these fibers as well. the yonce are also cheaper gas, milanese, more color for it to go. was cojet up a thunder got big as they could hardly sell. there was more and more shepherds went

on to replace their need to talk of dual purpose. sheep ones that produce boards would meet with foreign hairy breeds that produce only meat, changing her composition and affecting the regions ecological balance. yankee raising a foreign breed is a bit problematic here. the local breeds of sheep can survive less cross. the foreign breeds need more. if there is not enough, the star liquid to help revive local, we swap the seed has launched color. got a ran a social organization that sources indigenous wall directly from holders. latrene and hired local artisans like nice from that helping hurting communities, lead it on to sustainable livelihood practices. when we started working with the c one, initially there were just a couple of pharmacy was doing really, really small quantity now on time for me because you know, we are connected,

we have access to, to huge hurting communities. our values also he matches will be connected to about 50 to 60 orders and have leg on about 45000 sheep color. cat ran is part of the center for bestardo. listens d. c. own initiative. the art cooperating with many glasses organizations to support shepherd's, protect local culture and animal breeds and protect the environment at the same time. our advocacy for the indigenous sheep readable. and the whole of that in is she feel hums essentially from the of the resilience of that of the breed. they are far more resilient to the colleges of that, all the gentle climate shift and changes ah, the big aust less. this cost factor could persuade other shepherds to take up

herding local breeze. the herders are the means day of the project. really their water. i'll continue to do this work for as long as i can, but her since childhood. i have loved my flock though, my real family is back at home. this longer is also my funding for a writing at a very rather get a milligan read read about a year. and only if they preserve this each all tradition will they be able to help ensure the survival of the himalayan grass land from the sheep in the himalayas. earthworms, which are phone almost everywhere in the world, their integrity to agriculture, and thus essential for us survival. but modern farming practices have taken a fool of them. a school in berlin is making sure it's students understand the importance of this often neglected. being a special lesson is getting underway

at this bell in primary school. and it's one where spades come in handy. this class, learning about an animal, most of us rarely see that which is critical for our survival. hard weekly, and slimy earthworms aren't the type of animals humans typically enjoy getting close to. but these children know it's worth taking a closer look. to asked at least isn't that 1st i thought they're probably really boring and stupid. they're probably like a snail really slow, but now i find that really cool zap quit john and i think they're interesting but they move around a lot and definitely look a bit growth as issue in a dang scan smith. i find them really funny because, for example, when they were in your hand, some move really quickly and others slowly to absolutely got earthworms are industrious, invertebrates. they play

a key role in many of the mostly unseen processes that go on in the ground beneath our feet. in places where they're a native species like europe, they're vital for soil and plant healthy and a lot of digging mark last wednesday, re town coil and make our plant stronger acronyms with plans as own without them. birds wouldn't have anything to eat. and foot off all i la ha, class teacher, paolo vesa has handed out a work sheet about the nutrients cycle. it explains how earth worms eat up dead plants and animals and convert them into theses court costs, which are rich in the nutrients that plants need to thrive. alyssa hopes her pupils will learn to appreciate the tiny creatures like disorder in suzanne. long in my opinion, they should understand the big picture that every thing is interconnected, me and if i behave well here and a mindful and respectful toward all living beings and plants, then of course i also have a much better, more livable environmental service in food. at this research facility near the

german city of hallow, scientists studying the damage done by modern day intensive farming practices over sprawling area. they're looking at how soil life fairs when land is managed in other ways. both in today's climate and the predicted, warmer world of the future that this crop land creates very unfavorable conditions for them. because you know, it's fertilized regularly, which is what i don't like that very delicate skin. and if the hotel is ation last, the page value of the soil gets it gets more acidic and also it's, it's a monoculture, right? so that's just one type of plan that they eat. and yet it creates a very, very static environment. ecologist, mary's intimate is taking a coil sample to check for life. the ongoing drought in the region has pushed down as well numbers across all lunges types. by now,

we haven't found very many. yes, one very, very small one that we found for now. in recent years, the intensively farmed plots have been all but earth when free. that's a bad sign because that presence is widely seen as an indicator of soil fertility, and grassland plots like this pasture that's grazed twice a year by sheep, as well as organically farmed plots, earthworm numbers, a higher margin shade, la is the project scientific coordinator. he explains how the presence of earth worms also points to the soils resilience. the recovery of the vegetation. ready for instance, also in the grass and plus is pretty good after these 3 years. but it's pretty bad and crop here. it's shadley often presents research findings to stakeholders. he says farmers have become much more interested in how to make the soil fit for the future. so what are the scientists tips for doing so?

reduce management as far as possible. this means a reduction of the chemical disturbances like floating and also chemical disturbances. for instance, 30 is ation by mineral for the life of it is a disturbance of the natural nutrient cycle in the file. and of course pesticides which are a huge problem for so on. so metals that and that, and taylor high diversity that have many different grasses, many different tabs, different legumes back at the school garden. the children are putting into practice exactly that. looking after the soil means looking after the earth worms and the rest of the soil organisms that turn seats into sustenance. let's now take a look at mosquitoes. they're considered a nuisance and often brushed off. yet, in many parts of the world, including india, the transmit deadly diseases could genetic modification be

a real solution to this problem? and if yes, what in fact could such an intervention have on the ecosystem? let's find out who they are. so small, you can hardly see a difference between the various species. there are more than $3500.00 types of mosquitoes, most of which are harmless. only a few are dangerous for humans like the anomalies mosquito. it transmits malaria, mostly in tropical and sub tropical parts of the world, for example, in large parts of africa and asia. today, malaria is responsible for around 80 percent of mosquito related deaths. and almost all of those are children. under the age of 5, the majority living in africa, scientists have studied the anomalies mosquito for more than a century, looking for ways to control and destroy it. lava sides insecticides they've had varying degrees of success. the insecticide ddt, for example,

is very effective. it was used universally until it was determined to be toxic to other species and humans that is now it's banned in many parts of the world. and mosquitoes have quickly become resistant to other insect a size. so over the last few decade, scientists have turned to a new way of reducing mosquito numbers. genetic modification, a team of scientists from london are genetically modifying and novelist camby emerge. tito's, the species that transmits malaria in africa only female mosquitoes can buys humans and transmit malaria. their mouths known as pro buses can pierce skin, in addition to quenching their thirst. drinking blood also gives female mosquitoes the proteins they need to make eggs before console genes. there are able to compare mosquitoes forgot that we were able to manipulate the string and generate good g

mosquito. i have mail tray and don't bite. to edit the gene, they used crisper, a relatively new technology that is used to modify dna. as a result, even the female offspring of the modified mosquito were born with mouth parks that could not pierce skin, rendering them unable to feed from blood. and it also made them sterile. now, scientists had a genetically modified mosquito, but they wanted to ensure they could spread the modification throughout a wild mosquito population. normally, when a mosquito with a modified gene mates with a non modified mosquito, half the offspring would have the modified gene and half would be normal. but scientists have another trick up their sleeves. it's called the gene dr. and it's very controversial and pretty or inspiring. a gene dr. increases the odds of the modified gene being passed on to offspring. that means that individuals with one

copy of the modified gene inherited from their father can now copy the modification onto the unmodified gene inherited from their mother, and paused on the gene to up to 100 percent of their offspring. this means that if the mosquito, with the modified gene breathes with one from the wall that is not modified and has 10 offspring, for example, almost all of them would inherit the modified gene. so eventually, and after the modified genus spread in the population, more or less, any female offspring would be borne sterile and unable to bite. as part of target malaria, chris santee and his team have already performed tests. they used, laboratories, created to mimic natural conditions, like realistic temperatures, humidity, and lighting, to stimulate sunrise and sunset, and it worked in each generation. most females were born sterile. unable to breed, the population died off the genetic modification, combined with the gene drive lead to the complete collapse of the test population

within a year. so that was in test conditions. if released into the wild, these genetically altered mosquitoes have the potential to drive the anomalies gabby's species to extinction and that we're drastically reduce malaria transmission. ah mosquitoes don't typically travel far from where they are born. although that depends on wind and other conditions. chris on to believes the modification would not necessarily reach all areas where the species is found. but containment of living animals isn't always so easy. take the rats. as humans began to travel the high seas, roden species stowed away on ships. that ended up overwhelming island nations then lays the cane toad. it was brought australia to control the cane beetle, but began breathing uncontrollably and became a pest in its own rise. didn't dr. opponents argue that like invasive species,

genetically altered mosquitoes with migrate? it's really a concern that these organisms will spread. i'm uncontrollably and her possibly crash populations or possibly lead to extinction of species. they're designed to spread aggressively throughout a species and also to spread geographically across borders. there are international treaties on bio safety, but they don't consider risks. po is by a modified gene drive. the e u and some other nations have flat out rejected any release of gene dr. modified creatures within their bodies. but let's face it. animals don't care about international agreements, and they don't respect our bodies and boundaries. another question is how with the potential extinction of the anomalies, gabby, mosquito impact ecosystems? just like bees and butterflies,

many mosquito species are pollinators transferring pollen from flower to flower. so what would the disappearance of the anomalies mean for plants? and what about the fish birds and baths that feed on mosquitoes? then there is but genetic alteration itself. there is the possibility of it being passed on to other species of mosquito putting them at risk. so i have a pretty good idea of how these gene drives will work in situ. um, but it's a very good question. like, you know, obviously can't predict everything that go wrong and all the implications of wiping out species that cause death and destruction may sound positive, but once they're gone, what's next? where did he draw the line using a technology that's, you know, instrument lisay, extinction. as a tool, that's a new threshold that human beings have not crossed before june. just reject this because we're like humans. shouldn't he gone?

we also shouldn't just jump straight into the technology that has real risks. and so we need to play that careful line of like really thinking through the 1st use of these things and what the look like to walk out and take reasonable risks. i, scientists still don't know enough about the potential consequences of unleashing animals with a genetically modified gene drive. it's hard to evaluate the risks a small population of sea otters lives in the western indian state aqua, the very important to the regions ecological balance. yet they fear through threat of extinction. lucas of hunting and pollution. a local organization is working to preserve this species and it's habitat on a very to to ra, a sleepy island on the mando river and not of girl. a secluded spot

enveloped in dense mongrel forest and nestled among it is a surprising resident. the elusive, the smooth coated order or loot regardless. but basilica. a rare picture as these animals are shy, i think i've seen others may be 12 fans. acid. that gives you an idea of how hard it is to actually spot an author while orders. this is why live the search organization based and jura was founded in 2014, in order to study in vogue to woods conserving, alters the medium sized mums inhabit most of the waterways and coastal areas of gone. this year, the colleges are mapping and estimated $4.00 to $5.00 or 2 family groups in giraffe . each group, it's estimated to have 2 to 6 members. in the last years,

they have seen more groups, but some of them seem to have moved to other places on the i'm in other regions, group sizes, i believe to be twice or even 3 times that number. a shy species gets hot to observe, and the vine authors have mostly been studied in captivity. aiming to bridge this gap while or does research the studying. among other things, the animals reproductive behavior in the mangrove ecosystems, wild and divers, and one, ah, we have evidence of not being born in me, which is contradictory to all the historical data. now is that because this is a highly productive environment where, you know animal that is a fish supplied throughout the year and is no problems with that is, is that the reason they've, they've had, you know, pups and that ended yeah. with focus often being on charismatic mega fung lodge

animal species with symbolic revenue. while otters wants to raise awareness of the pivotal rule is smaller. animals like the orders play in balancing the ecosystem. i'll give you an example on, on shad althea that is there is a number of commercial fish that going to the fishing pools. ah, and i alongside that was something called the madagascar, the lapierre, which was an introduced species. and this, the lobby, a species was introduced into the waterways here because of the kind of printed on mosquito lovey. and then they took over the ecosystem, instructed actually killing all native fish species. and then artist came along and even though they're not a native species, others prefer them and have started eating them the one that helps the original ecosystem to recover the self funded via or does research organization has already

taught order conservation to around 500 people through intentions, workshops and training programs. the trade in fur and body box loss of habitat. what a pollution and human animal conflict has resulted in this species being classified as vulnerable on the international union for conservation of nitrous red list. today, entourage. the mangroves are protected by law, and part of the island is itself a sanctuary. and there are only a few scientists and tourists. it is little wonder then that jarel has become a safer having for authors. a planet, tribes on balance, which is why the smallest organism, the largest animal, and everything in between is important for good health, threatened and extinct species leads to an imbalance,

forcing the odd to self correct, is often comes with the disastrous consequences. think about that now for you again . next week. good bye. and thanks for watching with ah, ah, ah

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mm ah, every woman aries, man knows that the child needs food. that food can do nothing. before movies, news can we had a lot of programs. they drop out of this food because they were eating nothing when it came from home. that could have easily been us. any one of us. ah mm. ah, ah

ah, ah ah, this is d w. news line from berlin, ukraine and its west and allies denounced russian claims. the key is funding to exploit a radioactive ball on its own territory. the crimes president says he fierce moscow could be planning such a move itself. also on the program. the state within a space we look at how it runs.